最新2012年出版自考《英語二》講義第二章

Unit2MistaketoSuccess

AFamousQuote

Successisgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingyourenthusiasm.

——WinstonChurchill

成功就是經(jīng)歷一次一次失敗后，熱情依舊。

——溫斯頓·丘吉爾TEXTASpiltMilkcryoverspiltmilk

expressregretforsth.thathashappenedandcannotberemedied為已經(jīng)發(fā)生而無法補救的事懊悔

NewWords

spill

v.

（especiallyofliquid）toflowovertheedgeofthecontainerbyaccident（使）灑出，潑出，溢出

respond

v.

todosomethingasareactiontosomethingthatsomebodyhassaidordone作出反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)

interview

v.

toasksomebodyquestionsabouttheirlife,opinions,etc.,especiallyontheradioortelevisionforanewspaperormagazine（媒體）采訪；訪問

creative

adj.

involvingtheuseofskillandtheimaginationtoproducesomethingneworaworkofart創(chuàng)造（性）的；創(chuàng)作的

occur

v.tohappen

發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

remove

v.

totakesomethingorsomebodyawayfromaplace移開；拿開；去掉

refrigerator

n.

apieceofelectricalequipmentinwhichfoodiskeptcoldsothatitstaysfresh冰箱

grip

n.

anact,ofholdingsomebody/somethingtightly緊握；緊抓

slippery

adj.

difficulttoholdortostandormoveon,becauseitissmooth,wetorpolished滑的；滑的抓不?。ɑ蛘静环€(wěn)，難以行走）的

content

n.

thethingsthatarecontainedinsomething所容納之物；所含之物

veritable

adj.

awordusedtoemphasizethatsomebody/somethingcanbecomparedtosomebody/somethingelsethatismoreexciting,moreimpressive,etc.十足的；名副其實的；不折不扣的

yell

v.

toshoutloudly,forexample,becauseyouareangry,excited,frightenedorinpain喊；大喊；吼叫

lecture

n.

alongangrytalkthatsomebodygivestoonepersonoragroupofpeoplebecausetheyhavedonesomethingwrong（冗長的）教訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)斥，譴責(zé)

mess

n.

adirtyoruntidystate骯臟；雜亂；不整潔

rarely

adv.

notveryoften罕有；很少；不常

puddle

n.

asmallamountofwaterorotherliquid,especiallyrain,thathascollectedinoneplaceontheground水洼；小水坑

eventually

adv.

attheendofaperiodoftimeoraseriesofevents最后；終于

restore

v.

tobringsomebody/somethingbacktoaformercondition,placeorposition使復(fù)原；使復(fù)位，使復(fù)職

sponge

n.

apieceofartificialornaturalmaterialthatissoftandlightandfullofholesandcanholdwatereasily,usedforwashingorcleaning海綿塊

effectively

adv.

inawaythatproducestheintendedresultorasuccessfulresult有效的

tiny

adj.

verysmallinsizeoramount極小的；微小的

discover

v.

tofindoutaboutsomethingorinformationaboutsomething了解到；認(rèn)識到；查明

grasp

v.

totakeafirmholdofsomebody/something抓緊；抓牢

lip

n.

theedgeofacontainerorahollowplaceintheground（容器或凹陷地方的）邊，邊沿

renowned

adj.

famousandrespected有名的；聞名的；受尊敬的

remark

v.

tosayorwriteacommendaboutsomething/somebody談?wù)?；評論

opportunity

n.

atimewhenaparticularsituationmakesitpossibletodoorachievesomething機會；時機

scientific

adj.

connectedwithscience科學(xué)（上）的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的

valuable

adj.

veryusefu1很有用的；很重要的；寶貴的

PhrasesandExpressions

inthismanner

inthewaywhichsomethingisdoneorhappens用這種方式

set…apartfrom

tomakesomebody/somethingdifferentfromorbetterthanothers區(qū)別；使與眾不同

重點詞匯講解

spill

v.

（especiallyofliquid）toflowovertheedgeofthecontainerbyaccident（使）灑出，潑出，溢出

eg:

Theinkspiltalloverthedesk.

墨水灑了一桌子。

Whohasspilt/spilledthemilk?

誰把牛奶潑出來了?

用法：

cryoverspiltmilk

expressregretforsth.thathashappenedandcannotberemedied.為已經(jīng)發(fā)生而無法補救的事懊悔

eg:

You'vebrokenitnow;it'snousecryingoverspiltmilk!

你現(xiàn)在既已把它損壞了，后悔是沒有用的!

interview

v.

toasksomebodyquestionsabouttheirlife,opinions,etc.,especiallyontheradioortelevisionforanewspaperormagazine（媒體）采訪；訪問

eg:

Weinterviewed20peopleforthejob.

為這份工作我們對20人進行了面試。

衍生：

inter-

在…之間

internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

international國際的

interview面試

-ee

動作的受動者

interviewee

n.

personwhoisinterviewed（面試中）受審核者；被接見者；被采訪者

employee雇員，examinee考生

-er

動作的執(zhí)行者

interviewer

n.

personwhoconductsaninterview主持面試者；接見者；采訪者

employer雇主，examiner考官

re-=again=

再

rename重命名

replace替代

remove

v.

totakesomethingorsomebodyawayfromaplace移開；拿開；去掉

用法：

~sth./sb.（fromsth.）

eg:

removethedishes（fromthetable）

（從餐桌上）撤去碗碟

restore

v.

tobringsomebody/somethingbacktoaformercondition,placeorposition使復(fù)原；使復(fù)位，使復(fù)職

用法：

~sb./sth.tosth.

eg:

restoresackedworkerstotheiroldjobs

使被解雇的工人復(fù)工

remark

v.

tosayorwriteacommendaboutsomething/somebody談?wù)?；評論

用法：

~on/uponsth./sb.

eg:

Icouldn'thelpremarkingonheryouth.

我脫口而出說她那么年輕。

SpiltMilk

P1

Haveyouheardofthestoryaboutspiltmilk?Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespond

inthismanner.

P2

Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;what

set

himsofar

apartfrom

others?

P3

Herespondedthat,

inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthat

occurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeen

tryingto

remove

abottleof

milkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhe

losthisgripon

theslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontents

alloverthekitchenfloor—

averitableseaof

milk!

P4

Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,

insteadof

yellingat

him,

givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,"Robert,

whatagreatwonderfulmessyouhavemade!

Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.

Wouldyouliketo

getdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewe

cleanitup?"

P5

Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,"Youknow,Robert,wheneveryou

makeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupand

restoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?"Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.

P6

Hismotherthensaid,"Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let'sgooutinthebackyardand

fill

thebottle

withwaterand,seeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit."Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!

P7

Therenownedscientistremarkedthat

itwasatthat

momentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.

Evenif

theexperiment"doesn'twork",weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.

P8

Wouldn'titbegreat

ifallparentswouldrespond

thewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?

EXERCISES

I

Checkyourcomprehension

1.Thisisastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwho____.

A）lookedsmarterthantheaverageperson

B）wasanunordinaryboywhenhewasyoung

C）becamewell-knownafteraninterview

D）achievedgreatsuccessinthemedicalfield[答疑編號506430020201：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】D

【答案解析】本題是對這則故事主人公身份事跡的考查。我們可以從課文第二段第一句中找到答案——whohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs，即一個在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域頗有成就的著名科學(xué)家，因此答案為D.

2.Whydidhegetthemilkspiltalloverthekitchenfloor?

A）Hefailedtoremovethebottleanditfell.

B）Hewastooyoungtocarrytheheavybottle.

C）Hehadnoconfidenceintakingthebottle.

D）Heloosedhisgriponthebottledeliberately.[答疑編號506430020202：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】A

【答案解析】本題是對細(xì)節(jié)的考查。我們可以從課文第三段第二句找到答案，helosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,因為他沒有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，因此A正確；D項前面說法正確，但是deliberately意為“故意地”，明顯不合文意。答案為A.

3.Howdidhismotherrespondtohismistake?

A）Shepunishedhimbymakinghimcleanthekitchen.

B）Sheshoutedtostophimfromdoinganything.

C）Sheallowedhimtoplayinthemilkfirst.

D）Shetaughthimhowtocarrythebottleimmediately.[答疑編號506430020203：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】C

【答案解析】本題是綜合細(xì)節(jié)考查題。答案需要閱讀第四段全文，歸納得出，問題問的是媽媽對他的錯誤的反應(yīng)，從第四段關(guān)鍵詞語可以得出，當(dāng)他媽媽趕到廚房，非但沒有朝他喊叫，訓(xùn)斥他或是責(zé)罰他，還讓他到牛奶堆里玩，因此C為正確答案。答案為C.

4.Themotherandthesonwentoutinthebackyardto______.

A）findsomewatertocleanthebottle

B）findawaytocarrythebottleeffectively

C）searchforanotherbottletoholdthemilk

D）seehowtofillthebottlewithoutdroppingit[答疑編號506430020204：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】B

【答案解析】本題著重考查細(xì)節(jié)。我們首先可以找出提問句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面，seeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit，譯為“看是否能夠找到一個方法來拿住它而不掉下來”，因此正確答案為B.

5.Itissaidinthepassagethatmistakesgivechancesto______.

A）knowthetruthclearly

B）learnsomethingnew

C）dosomeexperiments

D）teachachildalesson[答疑編號506430020205：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】B

【答案解析】本題是對文章主旨的考查。通過閱讀文章第七段第二句可以得到答案，即helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew，譯為“他認(rèn)識到了這些錯誤正是從中學(xué)習(xí)新知識的機會”。因此B為正確答案。

IIIBridgingtheGap

介詞用法

介詞+賓語（名詞性形式）

insummer,inBeijing,inthefirstplace

名詞+介詞+賓語形容詞+介詞+賓語動詞+介詞+賓語

eg:IteachinauniversityinBeijingandIamfondofmyjob.

動詞用法

主語+不及物動詞

eg:Mycellphonedoesn'twork.我的手機壞了。

主語+不及物動詞+介詞+賓語

eg:Lookattime!Weshouldhavebeenatthetheatretenminutesago.瞧，都什么時候了!十分鐘前我們就該到戲院了。

主語+及物動詞+賓語

eg:DoyouspeakEnglish?你講英語嗎？

形容詞用法

形容詞+名詞

eg:It'salongstory.說來話長。

系動詞（be,become,turn）+形容詞

eg:I'mgladtoseeyou.很高興見到你。

副詞用法

修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞

eg:SheisaverysmartgirlandcanspeakEnglishveryfluently.

withoutfearunderunavoidablesothat

successreachwiselyaslongasbetween

Lotsofpeopledon'tdaretomakemistakes.They（1）_______thattheywillberidiculedorblamedbyothers.Theyfearthattheywilllosetheirmoneyandbelongingsorbe（2）_____alotofstress.Butrisksare（3）______andtheydopavethewayyoumusttreadupontowards（4）_________.[答疑編號506430020206：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】（1）fear（2）under（3）unavoidable（4）success

【答案解析】（1）聯(lián)系上下文可以知道，上文譯為很多人害怕犯錯，下文譯為他們被嘲笑責(zé)備，由此可以得出，空格處應(yīng)填入表示害怕意思的動詞，因此答案為fear.

（2）本題考查動詞詞組的固定搭配。understress意為“承受壓力，在壓力之下”。答案為under.

（3）從下文意思可以看出，每個成功的人都曾犯過錯，因此risk（風(fēng)險）是不可避免的，unavoidable意為“不可避免的”。答案為unavoidable.

（4）由空格前半句的含義可知，此處應(yīng)填入toward表示動作行為的所向目的地——成功。答案為success.

Haveyoueverheardofsomeonewhoachievessuccess（5）______makinganymistakesbefore?[答疑編號506430020207：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】（5）without

【答案解析】（5）從整句話可以看出，此處只能填入一個介詞，引導(dǎo)后面的現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表示伴隨狀態(tài)，只有without合適。答案為without.

Soitisonlynaturalthatmakingmistakesinyoureffortto（6）______yourdreamsisconsideredamust,andyoushouldn'tworryaboutthatasyoumaygetalotofadvantagesoutofyourmistakes.Bymakingmistakesatleastyouthencandistinguish（7）______thecorrectandtheincorrectportionsofwhatyoudid.[答疑編號506430020208：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】（6）reach（7）between

【答案解析】（6）to引導(dǎo)的不定式做主語，此處應(yīng)填入能與dream搭配的動詞，reachyourdreams固定搭配，意為“實現(xiàn)你的理想”。答案為reach.

（7）此處考查動詞的固定短語搭配。distinguishbetween“把……和……區(qū)別開”，題中譯為“把你做的正確的部分和錯誤的部分區(qū)別開”。答案為between.

AnthonyD'Angelosaid:"Inordertosucceedyoumustfail,（8）______youknowwhattodothenexttime",andRobertLouisStevensonevenwenttotheextremeastosay:"Ourbusinessinlifeisnottosucceed,buttocontinuetofailingoodspirits."[答疑編號506430020209：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】（8）sothat

【答案解析】（8）此處考查sothat的用法。sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，表示“以便、為了”，從句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情態(tài)動詞或助動詞；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用can和may等詞，在sothat前可以用逗號，意思是“因此、所以”。答案為sothat.

Youneedn'tworryaboutanything（9）_______youkeepongoingby（10）_____learningfromyourmistakesandtryingevenharder.[答疑編號506430020210：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】（9）aslongas（10）wisely

【答案解析】（9）本題考查aslongas的用法。表示onconditionthat,providedthat或if（只要，如果）的含義，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。答案為aslongas.

（10）由空格處上下文可看出，此處應(yīng)填入一個副詞修飾動詞learning，觀察備選詞，只有wisely符合，意為“明智地，聰明地”。答案為wisely.

IVTranslation

SectionA

1.Theyarelikelyto___________________（積極回應(yīng)總統(tǒng)的請求）.（respondto）[答疑編號506430020211：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】respondtothePresidentactively/inanactivemanner

【答案解析】此處需要翻譯的是to后面的部分，因為to后面只能接動詞原形，因此“回應(yīng)”譯為respondto，“積極”譯為actively或inanactivemanner，答案為respondtothePresidentactively/inanactivemanner,

2.Heblendsrightintothecrowdofteenagersand___________________________（只是他的口音與眾不同）.（set…apart）[答疑編號506430020212：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】onlyhisaccentsetshimapartfromothers

【答案解析】此題考查set…apart的用法，“與……不同”，后面跟介詞from；he做主語，后面跟兩個賓語動詞blendto和setapart；accent是名詞，“口音”。答案為onlyhisaccentsetshimapartfromothers.

3._______________________（我從來沒有見過這么美麗的落日）.（rarely）[答疑編號506430020213：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】Ihaverarelyseensuchabeautifulsunset

【答案解析】本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，其由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示動作發(fā)生在過去，但與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系，有時無時間狀語，有時和一些表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用。答案為Ihaverarelyseensuchabeautifulsunset.

4.Thegovernmentistryingto______________________________________（恢復(fù)人們對國家經(jīng)濟的信心）.（restore）[答疑編號506430020214：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】restorepeople'sconfidenceinnationaleconomy

【答案解析】restore譯為“恢復(fù)”。confidence后面接介詞in，意為“對……有信心”。答案為restorepeople'sconfidence'innationaleconomy.

5.Onseveraloccasions___________________（她都談到了這個男孩的進步）.（remark）[答疑編號506430020215：針對該題提問]

【正確答案】sheremarkedontheboy'sprogress

【答案解析】此處考查remark固定詞組搭配。remarkon“談?wù)摚辉u論”；that后面引導(dǎo)的是名詞性從句。答案為sheremarkedontheprogressthattheboyhadmade.TextBTheCakeNewWords

glance

v.

tolookquicklyatsomething/somebody瞥一眼；匆匆一看；掃視

touch

n.

asmalldetailthatisaddedtosomethinginordertoimproveitormake,itcomplete修飾；潤色；裝點

frost

v.

tocoveracakewithicing/frosting給（糕餅）覆上糖霜

aesthetic

adj.

concernedwithbeautyandartandtheunderstandingofbeautifulthings審美的；有審美觀點的；美學(xué)的

triumph

n..

agreatsuccess,achievementorvictory巨大成功；偉大勝利

lumpy

adj.

fulloflumps多塊狀物的；為塊狀物覆蓋的

frosting

n.

asweetmixtureofsugarandwater,milk,butteroreggwhitethatisusedtocoveranddecoratecakes糖霜（用以裝飾糕餅等）

blender

n.

anelectricmachineformixingsoftfoodorliquid（電動）食物攪拌器

fixings

n.

[pl.]（AmE）theextrathingsthatitistraditionaltohaveforaspecialmealoroccasion（菜肴的）配料

requisite

adj.

necessaryforaparticularpurpose必需的；必備的；必不可少的

utensil

n.

atoolthatisusedinthehouse（家庭）用具，器皿

phoenix

n.

（instories）amagicbirdthatlivesforseveralhundredyearsbeforeburningitselfandthenbeingbornagainfromitsashes（傳說中的）鳳凰；長生鳥

clutter

n.

alotofthingsinanuntidystate,especiallythingsthatarenotnecessaryorarenotbeingused雜亂的東西（尤指不需要的或無用的）；雜亂

present

v.

togivesomethingtosomebody,especiallyformallyataceremony把…交給；頒發(fā)；授予

anniversary

n.

adatethatisanexactnumberofyearsafterthedateofanimportantorspecialevent周年紀(jì)念日

flash

n.

asuddenbrightlightthatshinesforamomentandthendisappears閃光；閃耀

position

v.

toputsomebody/somethinginaparticularposition安置；安裝；使處于

slide

v.

tomovequicklyandquietly,forexampleinordernottobenoticed;tomakesomethingmoveinthisway（使）快捷而悄聲地移動

explode

v.

tosuddenexpressanemotion突然爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)（感情）

slip

v.

togosomewherequicklyandquietly,especiallywithoutbeingnoticed悄悄疾行；溜

flip

v.

topressabuttonorswitchinordertoturnamachine,etc.onoroff按（開關(guān)）；按（按鈕）

trumpet

v.

toplayatrumpet發(fā)出喇叭聲

gesture

v.

tomoveyourhands,head,face,etc.asawayofexpressingwhatyoumeanorwant做手勢；用手勢表示

grandly

adv.

inawaythattriestoimpressotherpeopleormakethemfeeladmirationbutoftendoesnot驕傲地；自負(fù)地

slightly

adv.

alittle略微；稍微

off-balance

adj.

inanunsteadypositionandlikelytofall不平衡的；不穩(wěn)定的

layer

n.

aquantityorthicknessofsomethingthatliesoverasurfaceorbetweensurfaces層；表層

inspection

n.

theactoflookingcloselyatsomething/somebody,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe檢查；查看；審視

moan

v.

tocomplainaboutsomethinginawaythatotherpeoplefindannoying抱怨

interject

v.

tointerruptwhatsomebodyissayingwithyouropinionoraremark打斷（別人的講話）；插話

gently

adv.

inagentleway溫柔地；溫和地；和緩地

disaster

n.

somethingthatisverybadorafailure,especiallywhenthisisveryannoyingordisappointing災(zāi)難；不幸；徹底失敗

storm

v.

togosomewherequicklyandinanangry,noisyway氣呼呼地疾走

slam

v.

toshut,ortomakesomethingshut,withalotofforce,makingaloudnoise（使…）砰地關(guān)上

silently

adv.

withoutmakinganyormuchsound悄悄地；靜靜地

moist

adj.

slightwet微濕的；濕潤的

suffer

v.

tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsomething,etc.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦，受難，受折磨

occasional

adj.

happeningordonesometimesbutnotoften偶然的；臨時的

issue

n.

animportanttopicthatpeoplearediscussingorarguingabout重要議題；爭論的問題

significance

n.

theimportantofsomething,especiallywhenthishasaneffectonwhathappensinthefuture（尤指對將來有影響的）重要性，意義

stuff

n.

usedtorefertoasubstance,material,groupofobjects,etc.whenyoudonotknowthename,whenthenameisnotimportantorwhenitisobviouswhatyouaretalkingabout（事物名稱不詳、無關(guān)緊要或所指事物明顯時用）東西，物品，玩意兒

awfully

adv.

very;extremely非常；極其

troublesome

adj.

causingtrouble,pain,etc.overalongperiodoftime令人煩惱的；令人痛苦的

deserve

v.

ifsomebody/somethingdeservessomething,itisrightthattheyshouldhaveit,becauseofthewaytheyhavebehavedorbecauseofwhattheyare值得；應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受

frustration

n.

somethingthatcausesyoutofeelfrustrated令人懊喪（或懊惱、沮喪）的事物

carpet

n.

athickwovenmaterialmadeofwooletc.forcoveringfloorsorstairs地毯

emerge

v.

tostarttoexist露頭；顯現(xiàn)

dignity

n.

asenseofyourownimportanceandvalue自豪；自尊；自重

sanitation

n.

conditionsandprocessesofkeepingplacescleanandhygienic環(huán)境衛(wèi)生

sacrifice

n.

thefactofgivingupsomethingimportantorvaluabletoyouinordertogetordosomethingthatseemsmoreimportant犧牲；舍棄

tender

adj.

easilyhurtordamaged易損壞的；纖弱的；脆弱的

responsibility

n.

adutytodealwithortakecareofsomebody/something,sothatyoumaybeblamedifsomethinggoeswrong責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)

occasionally

adv.

sometimesbutnotoften偶然；偶爾；有時候

consequence

n.

aresultofsomethingthathashappened結(jié)果；后果

PhrasesandExpressions

fromscratch

fromtheverybeginning,notusinganyoftheworkdoneearlier從頭開始；從零開始

runoutof

touseuporfinishasupplyofsomething用完；耗盡

stayup

togotobedlaterthanusual熬夜

重點詞匯

explode

v.

tosuddenexpressanemotion突然爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)（感情）

用法：~with/in/intosth.

eg:Heexplodedwithrage,fury,jealousy,etc.他勃然大怒﹑暴跳如雷﹑妒火中燒等

Sheexplodedintoloudlaughter.她突然大笑起來。

其他詞義：

（causesth.to）burstwithaloudnoise;blowup（使某物）爆炸；炸開

eg:Whentheboilerexplodedmanypeoplewereinjured.因鍋爐爆炸，許多人受了傷。

衍生

explosive

adj.

likelyoreasilyabletoexplode爆炸性的；易爆炸的

eg:explosivematerials爆炸材料

explosive

n.

substancethatislikelyorabletoexplode爆炸物；炸藥

eg:Thebombwaspackedwithhighexplosive,i.e.asubstancethatexplodeswithgreatforce.這炸彈裝有烈性炸藥。

explosion

n.

greatandsuddenincrease激增

eg:apopulationexplosion人口激增

theexplosionofoilprices石油價格的急劇上漲

inspection

n.

theactoflookingcloselyatsomething/somebody,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe檢查；查看；審視

eg:Aninspectionwascarriedoutattheschool.學(xué)校接受了一次檢查。

衍生

inspect

v.

（a）examine（sth.）closely檢查（某事物）

eg:Thecustomsofficerinspectedmypassportsuspiciously.海關(guān)官員頗為懷疑地檢查了我的護照。

（b）visit（sth.）officiallytoseethatrulesareobeyed,thatworkisdoneproperly,etc.視察（某事物）

eg:inspectaschool,factory,regiment,etc.視察學(xué)校﹑工廠﹑團隊等

構(gòu)詞

詞根

spec,spic,specul=tolook,tosee看

expect期待inspect檢查suspect懷疑

respect尊敬despise輕視spectacle奇觀

spectacular奇妙的spectator觀眾prospect前景

suffer

v.

tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsomething,etc.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦，受難，受折磨

用法：~from

eg:Doyousufferfrom（i.e.oftenhave）headaches?你常頭痛嗎?

衍生

suffering

n.

seriousphysicalormentalpain痛苦

eg:thesufferingoftherefugeesafterthewar戰(zhàn)后難民的痛苦

deserve

v.

ifsomebody/somethingdeservessomething,itisrightthattheyshouldhaveit,becauseofthewaytheyhavebehavedorbecauseofwhattheyare值得；應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受

eg:Shedeservesarewardforherefforts.她積極努力，應(yīng)得到獎賞。

Theydeservetobesenttoprison.他們應(yīng)該入獄。

responsibility

n.

adutytodealwithortakecareofsomebody/something,sothatyoumaybeblamedifsomethinggoeswrong責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)

用法：~forsb./sth.

eg:take/assume/accept/bearfullresponsibilityfortheconsequences對后果承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任

衍生

responsible

adj.

legallyormorallyobligedtotakecareofsb./sth.ortocarryoutaduty,andliabletobeblamedifonefails（在法律上或道義上）須負(fù)責(zé)任，承擔(dān)責(zé)任

~forsb./sth.

；~fordoingsth.

eg:Allpilotsareresponsiblefortheirpassengers’safety.凡是飛機駕駛員均應(yīng)對乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

~tosb./sth.

havingtoaccountforone'sactionstoanauthorityorasuperior對自己的行動向主管者或上級承擔(dān)責(zé)任

eg:bedirectly/indirectlyresponsibletothePresident直接/間接向總統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)

詞類轉(zhuǎn)換

副詞詞尾-lyadj.+-ly=adv

grandly

adv.

inawaythattriestoimpressotherpeopleormakethemfeeladmirationbutoftendoesnot驕傲地；自負(fù)地

eg:Hegrandlysuggestedthatwesitdowntoworkoutapracticalsolution.他派頭很大地建議我們坐下來擬定一個實際的解決辦法。

grand

adj.

magnificent;splendid;big;ofgreatimportance（alsoinnamesofplaces,buildings,etc.）宏偉的；壯麗的；大的；偉大的；重大的（也用于地名﹑建筑物名等）

eg:It'snotaverygrandhouse,justalittlecottage.那不是深宅大院，只不過是個小農(nóng)舍。

slightly

adv.

alittle（略微，稍微）

eg:slightlybiggerhouse稍大些的房子

slight

adj.

notseriousorimportant;small不嚴(yán)重的；不重要的；微小的；輕微的

eg：aslightslip/error/change/improvement輕微的失誤/錯誤/變化/改進

gently

adv.

inagentleway溫柔地；溫和地；和緩地

eg:speaktosb.gently對某人輕聲細(xì)語地談話

gentle

adj.

mild;kind;careful;notrough,violentorsevere溫和的；慈祥的；小心的；溫柔的；文雅的；輕輕的

eg:agentleperson/manner/voice/look溫和的人/舉止/聲音/樣子

silently

adv.

withoutmakinganyormuchsound悄悄地；靜靜地

eg:Hesatsilentlybythebed.他悄悄地坐在床邊。

silent

adj.

makingnoorlittlesound;notaccompaniedbyanysound寂靜的；無聲的

eg:Thechildrenwentout,andtheroomwassilent.孩子們出去了，房間里十分安靜。

awfully

adv.

very;extremely非常；極其

eg:Thanksawfullyforthepresent.萬分感謝您的厚禮.

awful

adj.

extremelybadorunpleasant;terrible極壞的；極討厭的；可怕的

eg:anawfulaccident/experience/shock/etc.可怕的事故﹑經(jīng)歷﹑打擊等

名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞

frost

v.

tocoveracakewithicing/frosting給（糕餅）覆上糖霜

eg:Shewasfrostingthechocolatecake.她在給巧克力餅上糖霜。

其他含義：becomecoveredwithfrost結(jié)霜

eg:Thecarwindscreenfrostedoverduringthenight.汽車的擋風(fēng)玻璃在夜間結(jié)了霜。

frost

n.

deworwatervapourfrozenintotinywhiteicecrystalsthatcovertheground,etcwhenthetemperaturefallsbelowfreezing-point霜

eg:Thewindscreenwascoveredwithfrost.擋風(fēng)玻璃上結(jié)了霜。

position

v.

toputsomebody/somethinginaparticularposition安置；安裝；使處于

eg:positiontheaerialforthebestreception把天線安裝在接收效果最好的位置上

position

n.

placewheresb./sth.is位置；方位

eg:Fromhispositionontheclifftop,hehadagoodviewoftheharbour.他位于懸崖頂上，可以把海灣看得清清楚楚。

trumpet

v.

toplayatrumpet發(fā)出喇叭聲

eg:Ifanelephanttrumpets,itmakesaloudnoise.大象叫的聲音很大。

trumpet

n.

brassmusicalinstrumentwithabrightringingtone小號；喇叭

eg:hearadistanttrumpet聽到遠(yuǎn)處的小號聲

gesture

v.

tomoveyourhands,head,face,etc.asawayofexpressingwhatyoumeanorwant做手勢；用手勢表示

eg:Hegestured（tome）thatitwastimetogo.他向我示意該走了。

gesture

n.

expressivemovementofapartofthebody,esp.thehandorhead姿勢；手勢

eg:makearudegesture做出粗野的姿勢

storm

v.

togosomewherequicklyandinanangry,noisyway氣呼呼地疾走

eg:Aftertheargumentshestormedoff.經(jīng)過爭論之后她憤然離開。

storm

n.

occasionofviolentweatherconditions,withstrongwindsandusu.rainorsnoworthunder,etc.風(fēng)暴；暴風(fēng)雨；暴風(fēng)雪；雷暴天氣

eg:a`thunder-/`wind-/`rain-/`snow-/`dust-/`sand-storm雷暴[風(fēng)暴/雨暴/雪暴/塵暴/沙暴]

TheTextBTheCake

P1

Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.

P2

"Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,"shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouchesonthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacake

fromscratch,and

tobehonest,itwasn'texactlyanaesthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.

P3

Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imagineahugeblenderfilledwithallthefixingsforchocolatecake—includingtherequisitebowls,pansandutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderis

turnedon.Highspeed.Withthelidoff.Doyougettheidea?

P4

ButCindywasn'tthinkingaboutthemess.Shehadcreatedsomething,averitablephoenixofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.She

wasanxiousfor

herparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothem.Sheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedexcitedlyinthedarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedherselfinthekitchendoorway.

Bythetime

sheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.

P5

Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.Sheflippedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:“Ta-daaa!"Shegesturedgrandlytowardthekitchentable,whereaslightlyoff-balancetwo-layerchocolatecakeawaitedtheirinspection.

P6

Buthermother'seyesnever