高三英語 賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法 人教

賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法.英語的五個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu)S十V 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語

.1．S十V句式Herunsquickly．他跑得快。2．S十V十P句式：Thestorysoundsinteresting．這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。3．S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear．他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?．S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位讓給我。5．S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。Ifoundhimout．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie．他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout．我見他進(jìn)來又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．他們感到汽車行駛得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim．他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對(duì)他關(guān)閉了。.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：1、名詞：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注①：常用名詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注②：充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞若表示正式的或獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職位時(shí)，前面一般不用冠詞，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee..2、形容詞：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。3、現(xiàn)在分詞：I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：.5、過去分詞：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6．此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidn’tyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4、動(dòng)詞不定式：Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：.二、賓語和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：1、當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（或稱表語關(guān)系），若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語說明賓語的情況、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或?qū)兕惖?。試比較：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.).二、賓語和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：3、當(dāng)過去分詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它與賓語之間有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididn’twantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.).三、在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；還有的動(dòng)詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：1、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2、只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。3、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。.四、使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to的取舍問題：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等動(dòng)詞后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一詞，跟tobe型不定式帶to；跟todo型不定式不帶to。3、help一詞后的不定式，可帶to，也可以不帶to。（請(qǐng)參見“動(dòng)詞不定式”一節(jié)）.五、在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時(shí)也可以用不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）或that從句來充當(dāng)。這時(shí)，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：

Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.

注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。.Practice.單句改錯(cuò)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstand.WeallelectedJasonthemonitor.Theteacheraskedusnotmakesomuchnoise.---Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace!---DuringthewinterIlikemyhousewarmlyandcomfortable.understoodtowarm.5.Don’tleavethewaterrunwhileyoubrushyourteeth.6.Hepushedthedooropening.7.Shelookedaroundandcaughtamanputhishandintothepocketofapassenger.8.Withalotofdifficultproblemssettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.9.WhenIcamein,Ifoundaboyhidebehindthedoor.10.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedofhisworksunfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith.Tellhim_____thewindow.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut2.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing單項(xiàng)選擇.5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto7.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart.10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimself____withhis____English.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenC.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing.Thankyou..9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/102023/1/10Tuesday,January10,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/20231:36:33PM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/10Jan-2310-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/10Tuesday,January10,202313、乍見翻疑夢(mèng)，相悲各問年。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國(guó)見青山。。10一月20232023/1/102023/1/102023/1/1015、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/202316、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。。2023/1/102023/1/1010January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/102023/1/109、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2023/1/102023/1/10Tuesday,January10,202310、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/20231:36:33PM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/10Jan-2310-Jan-2312、世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/10Tuesday,January10,202313、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。。2023/1/102023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/202314、意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。10一月20232023/1/102023/1/102023/1/1015、楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。。。一月232023/1/102023/1/102023/1/101/10/202316、少年十五二十時(shí)，步行奪得胡馬騎。。2023/1/102023/1/1010January202317、空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。。2023/1/10