人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三unit4Astronomy語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

目標(biāo)認(rèn)知重點(diǎn)詞匯：explode,escape,depend,encourage,violent,presence,allow,lay,exist,remain,prevent,force,pull,cheer,exhaust,warn,possible重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：inone,sturn,intime,abitof重點(diǎn)句型：“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”的用法it作形式賓語(yǔ)whether的用法知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)詞匯【高清課堂：403623Astronomy探秘天文學(xué)精講詞匯explode重點(diǎn)例句：Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.explode(v.)爆炸，爆發(fā)explodewithanger勃然大怒explodeintolaughter放聲大笑theexplodingworldpopulation迅速增長(zhǎng)的世界人口explosion(九)爆炸explosive(兩)易爆的(n.)爆炸物；炸藥；迸發(fā)(感情)；(人口等)突增完成句子(1)Twobombs(爆炸)infrontoftheparkgate,causingtwodeaths.(2)SuddenlyCharles(勃然大怒).(3)Therewillbenostandingroomontheearth(由于激增的世界人口).escape重點(diǎn)例句：Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.escape(v.)逃跑，逃避(n.)逃脫作為動(dòng)詞，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)中：escapefrom...M 逃走escapesth.逃避某事escapedoingsth.(不能接todo形式)逃避做某事sth.escapesb./sb.,sattention/sb.,snotice某物沒(méi)引起某人的注意；某人沒(méi)記住某物翻譯句子⑴這個(gè)男孩逃過(guò)了處罰，真幸運(yùn)。(2)我想不起這個(gè)單詞。(3)四個(gè)罪犯從監(jiān)獄中逃出來(lái)了。depend重點(diǎn)例句：Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(v.) 依靠，依賴(lài)dependon/uponsb./sth./v.ing依賴(lài)，依靠，信賴(lài)dependonsb.todosth.依靠/相信某人做某事dependonsb./sth.forsth.靠某人供給某物dependonsth./wh視……而定，取決于……dependonit常用于句首或句末，意為“請(qǐng)放心，沒(méi)問(wèn)題”It/That(all)depends.那得看情況而定。dependon=counton=relyonsb.信任/相信/依賴(lài)/依靠believesb.相信某人(所說(shuō)的話)believeinsb.相信/信任/信賴(lài)某人trust(in)sb.相信/信任/信賴(lài)某人encourage【原句回放】Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen，whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.(P26)它們繁殖起來(lái)就使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類(lèi)及其他各種魚(yú)類(lèi)的發(fā)育進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)造了條件?！军c(diǎn)撥】encouragevt.鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事激勵(lì)，促進(jìn)Highpricesencouragedfarming.高價(jià)格刺激了農(nóng)業(yè)?！就卣埂縠ncouragingadj.令人鼓舞的encouragementn.鼓舞，鼓勵(lì)couragen.勇氣discouragevt.使泄氣discouragingadj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的discouragesb.fromdoing阻止某人做 violent【原句回放】Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.（P25）地球（開(kāi)始）變得激烈動(dòng)蕩，不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去?！军c(diǎn)撥】violentadj.①劇烈的，猛烈的，使用暴力的aviolentattack猛烈的攻擊Hegavethemanaviolentblow.他給了那個(gè)人猛烈的一擊。②（人）暴力的，粗暴的Hewasviolentwhenhegotdrunk.他喝醉后很粗暴。【拓展】violencen.暴力，猛烈violentlyadv.激烈地，粗暴地presence【原句回放】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.（P26）很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，它使得地球把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里?！军c(diǎn)撥】presencen.存在；出席，在場(chǎng)常用結(jié)構(gòu)inthepresenceofsb.=insb,spresence當(dāng)著某人的面；有某人在場(chǎng)presenceofmind危難中鎮(zhèn)定自若；遇事不慌loseone,spresenceofmind心慌意亂Yourpresenceisrequested敬請(qǐng)光臨。Sheaskedthemnottodiscussthematterinherpresence.她請(qǐng)求他們不要當(dāng)著她的面討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題?！就卣埂縫resentadj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的absencen.缺席，不在場(chǎng)absentadj.缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的beabsentfromschool/work/ameeting不上學(xué)/上班/到會(huì)allow【原句回放】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.（P26）很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，它使得地球把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。【點(diǎn)撥】allowv.允許，許可doingsth.允許做某事allow+sb.todosth,允許某人做某事allowsb.sth.允許某人某事Mybossdoesn,tallowmetousethetelephone.我的老板不允許我使用電話。Passengersarenotallowedtosmoke.乘客不得吸煙。Wedon,tallowsmokinginourhouse.我們不允許有人在我們家里吸煙。Theirteacherallowedthemthreedaysfortheassignment.他們的老師給他們?nèi)鞎r(shí)間完成作業(yè)。lay【原句回放】Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.(P26)它們一般是通過(guò)孵蛋而繁衍后代的?！军c(diǎn)撥】layv.下蛋，放置laythebookonthetable把書(shū)放在桌上Thehensarenotlayingwell.現(xiàn)在那些母雞不愛(ài)下蛋?！就卣埂縧ay的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：layoff(暫時(shí))解雇layout展開(kāi)；布局，安排laydown放下layaside把 放——邊laysth.up儲(chǔ)備某物laysth.on供應(yīng)某物易混辨析注意下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞形式：動(dòng)詞原形詞義過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞lie說(shuō)謊liedliedlyinglie躺，位于laylainlyinglay放置，產(chǎn)卵laidlaidlayingexist【原句回放】Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.(P26)它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了1.4億多年。【點(diǎn)撥】existvi,存在；生存歸納拓展【拓展】existencen.存在existingadj.目前的，現(xiàn)存的comeintoexistence開(kāi)始存在inexistence存在themostmagnificentbridgeinexistence現(xiàn)有的最雄偉的大橋remain【原句回放】Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.(P26)它們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)突然滅絕至今仍是個(gè)謎。【點(diǎn)撥】remainlinkv.保持不變，仍是常用結(jié)構(gòu)n.remainabeginneradj.remainsilentJdoingremainstandingremain+Ydoneremainuntouchedtobedoneremaintobeseen介詞短語(yǔ)remaininLondonremainmodestandprudent保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎Iwenttothecity，butmybrotherremainedathome.我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。Inspiteoftheirquarrel,theyremainedthebestoffriends.他們盡管吵過(guò)架，卻仍不失為最好的朋友.【拓展】remainsn.剩余物，廢墟remainingadj.剩余的(作前置定語(yǔ))theremainingmoney乘U下的錢(qián)溫馨提示remain不能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。prevent【原句回放】...whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.(P26) 這使得地球上的熱不能釋放到太空中去?！军c(diǎn)撥】(1)preventv.阻止，預(yù)防VitaminCissupposedtopreventcolds.維生素C被認(rèn)為能預(yù)防感冒。Theycameintimetopreventanaccident.他們及時(shí)趕到避免了一場(chǎng)事故?！就卣埂俊白柚鼓橙?某物做某事”的表達(dá)方法：preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.stopsb./sth.(from)doingsth.keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.Whopreventstheirplans(from)beingcarriedout?誰(shuí)阻止他們的計(jì)劃被實(shí)施？(2)escapev.&n.逃脫，避開(kāi)，溜走；安全出口escapefrom...逃離 escapedoing...逃避 escapefromprison越獄escapebeingpunished=escapepunishment逃脫被懲罰，免受懲罰Gasisescapingfromthepipe.煤氣正從管中溢出。Wewereluckytoescapebeingpunished.我們很幸運(yùn)，沒(méi)有受罰。force【原句回放】Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourney...（P30）在我們離開(kāi)之前，李彥平解釋說(shuō)旅途中引力將變化三次……【點(diǎn)撥】forcen.暴力，武力byforce用暴力，用武力部隊(duì)；兵力theairforce空軍vt.強(qiáng)迫f(wàn)orcesb.todo/intodoing強(qiáng)迫某人做 Thesoldierstooktheprisonersawaybyforce.士兵們強(qiáng)行把犯人帶走了。Heforcedhimselftospeaktoher.他硬著頭皮和她搭話?！就卣埂縪force使 生效comeintoforce生效，實(shí)施forcethedooropen強(qiáng)行打開(kāi)門(mén)forceasmile勉強(qiáng)一笑Whendothenewsafetyrulescomeintoforce?新的安全規(guī)則何時(shí)生效？pull【原句回放】...becauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth,sgravity.（P30） 因?yàn)槲覀冋谂γ撾x地球的引力。【點(diǎn)撥】pull（1）n.拉（力），引力thepulloftheearth地球的引力Hegaveastrongpullattherope.他用力拉了拉繩子。（2）vt.拉，牽Pullthedooropen.Don,tpushit.把門(mén)拉開(kāi)。不要推?！就卣埂縫ull相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：pullsb.up把某人往上拽pullapart把 拉開(kāi)pulldown拆毀pullin（車(chē)）停下，（車(chē)）到站；（船）到岸pulloff（=takeoff）脫去，駛離（道路至路邊停下）pullover（車(chē)輛）停在路邊pullout（火車(chē)）駛出車(chē)站pullon（=puton）穿上pullthrough（使）渡過(guò)危機(jī)/難關(guān)cheer【原句回放】Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabin…（P31）我立刻感到很高興。由于失重我在太空艙里飄來(lái)飄去……【點(diǎn)撥】cheern.愉快，激勵(lì)，歡呼vi.歡呼，喝彩Theycheeredloudly.他們大聲歡呼起來(lái)。vt.使高興，使振奮cheersb.使某人高興起來(lái)cheerup感到振奮，感到高興He,salwaysfullofcheerinsummer.夏天他總是高高興興的。Thegoodnewsofourfootballteamwinningthegamecheeredupeverybodywhoheardit.我們足球隊(duì)獲勝的喜訊使每一個(gè)聽(tīng)到的人都感到高興。exhaust【原句回放】Thatwasveryexhaustingbutveryexcitingtoo…（P31）真是精疲力竭了，但也很激動(dòng)人心 【點(diǎn)撥】exhaustvt.使疲憊不堪；耗盡exhaustthesupplyofwater耗盡供水exhaustone,spatience/strength失去耐性/用盡力氣Thelongcyclerideexhaustedher.她因長(zhǎng)途騎車(chē)而疲憊不堪?！就卣埂縠xhaustingadj.令人疲倦的Thehardworkisexhausting.艱苦的工作令人疲憊。warn【原句回放】ThespaceshipwarnedLiYanpingandmetobeready..（P66）飛船警告我和李彥平做好準(zhǔn)備……【點(diǎn)撥】warnv.警告常用結(jié)構(gòu)warnsb.of/about/against（doing）sth.警告某人當(dāng)心某事warnsb.todo/nott0dosth.警告某人做/不要做某事warnsb.+that從句警告某人 Shehasbeenwarnedofthedangerofdrivingthecarinthatstate.已經(jīng)警告過(guò)她，汽車(chē)那樣開(kāi)起來(lái)有危險(xiǎn)。Theywarnedherthatifshediditagainshewouldbesenttoprison.他們警告她說(shuō)她再這么做就把她關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。Theywerewarnednottoclimbthemountaininsuchbadweather.已經(jīng)勸過(guò)他們天氣這么壞不要攀登那座山?！就卣埂縲arningn.警報(bào)，警告possible【原句回放】Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.（P26）這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)。使得生命有可能開(kāi)始發(fā)展了?！军c(diǎn)撥】possibleadj.可能的易混辨析possible,probable,likely①含義的不同possible指客觀上有可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味。probable比possible可能性大，表”很可能、大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或邏輯上的合情合理。likely指從外表跡象進(jìn)行判斷有可能。②句型搭配不同Itispossible/probable/likely+that從句sb.islikelytodosth.(不能用possible/probable)Itispossibleforsb.todosth.as...aspossibleItispossibleformetodoit.我可能做那件事。(不能說(shuō)I'mpossibletodoit.)Hemadeitpossibleformetodoit.他使我可能做這件事。(不能說(shuō)Hemademepossibletodoit.)Heislikelytocome.=Itislikelythathewillcome.他可能來(lái)。(不能說(shuō)Itislikelyforhimtocome.)Ineedtoseeyoufightaway,ifpossible.可能的話，我要馬上看到你。溫馨提示①名詞前有all,every,theonly,thebest及其他形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，possible宜置于名詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。如：Thisistheonlywaypossible.這是唯一可行的方法。②(J)I,llstudyashardaspossible(asIcan).(X)I'llstudyhardaspossibleasIcan.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)inone’sturn【原句回放】Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.(P26)于是，他們接著成為這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物?！军c(diǎn)撥】inone,sturn輪到某人Theincreaseofproductioninturninfluencestheirincome.產(chǎn)量增加反過(guò)來(lái)影響了他們的收入。Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesinturn.那些女孩兒逐一報(bào)出自己的名字。Wedidtheworkbyturns.我們是輪流做這項(xiàng)工作的。【拓展】It,sone,sturntodosth.輪到/該某人做某事inturn依次；反之，反過(guò)來(lái)byturns輪流；交替地intime【原句回放】Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth,satmosphere.(P25)最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層?！军c(diǎn)撥】intime遲早；最后You'llsucceedintime.及時(shí)intimeforsth./intimetodoTheywerejustintimeforthebus.他們及時(shí)趕上了公共汽車(chē)。Wearrivedattheconcerthallingoodtime.我們及時(shí)到達(dá)音樂(lè)廳?！就卣埂縯ime相關(guān)詞組：aheadoftime提前allthetime一直atanytime在任何時(shí)候atnotime在任何時(shí)候都不innotime立亥|atatime一次，每次atonetime曾經(jīng)，同時(shí)atthesametime同時(shí)fromtimetotime時(shí)不時(shí)地，偶爾ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)takeone'stime從容不迫，不著急astimegoeson隨著時(shí)間的推移abitof【原句回放】…walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(P31) 既然重力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了。【點(diǎn)撥】abitof易混辨析abit,alittleabitof+不可數(shù)名詞=alittle+不可數(shù)名詞abit+形容詞、副詞原級(jí)或比較級(jí)=alittle+形容詞、副詞原級(jí)或比較級(jí)notalittle=very非常notabit=notatall一點(diǎn)兒也不quiteabit很多，相當(dāng)多quitealittle=much彳艮多forabit=foralittle=forawhile=forashorttime一會(huì)兒Tomhasalittlemoney.=Tomhasabitofmoney.湯姆有一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。Weneedabit/alittlemoretime．我們需要多一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間。breakout【原句回放】Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.(P31)我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，太空船的外層燃燒起火?！军c(diǎn)撥】breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、瘟疫、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)【拓展】break相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：breakdown出故障，(身體)垮掉；打破，破除breakinto闖入，突然 起來(lái)breakaway掙脫，逃脫；脫離，背離breakoff(使)斷開(kāi)，折斷breaktherules違反規(guī)則breaktherecords打破紀(jì)錄Thetelephonesystem，hasbrokendown.電話系統(tǒng)失靈了。Hishousewasbrokenintolastweek.上星期有人闖入他的房子。Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜間突然發(fā)生了火災(zāi)。重點(diǎn)句型“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”的用法【原句回放】Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago...(P25)隨后它會(huì)變成什么沒(méi)人能知道，直到38億至45億年前……【點(diǎn)撥】"bet