三冠詞和數(shù)詞及練習(xí)

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考第三章冠詞和數(shù)詞冠詞是一種輔助性的詞，不可在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。放在名詞前，幫助說明名詞的含義，使用極為頻繁。冠詞有不定冠詞（a,an）和定冠詞（the）兩種。a和an的基本含義是“一，一個(gè)”，表示泛指，不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，只表示名詞不是特定的；the的基本含義是“這個(gè)，那個(gè)”，表示特指，在可數(shù)的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。冠詞本身是虛詞，沒有意義，同時(shí)也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞（CardinalNumbers）和序數(shù)詞（OrdinalNumbers）兩種。前者表示數(shù)量，后者表示順序。A高考重點(diǎn)要求：一、冠詞1、不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞的基本用法2、不定冠詞和定冠詞的位置3、冠詞常見的習(xí)慣搭配用法二、數(shù)詞1、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成2、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本用法3、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞在表示倍數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、年、月、日等的基本用法第一節(jié)知識點(diǎn)概述匕子一、冠詞（一）不定冠詞不定冠詞用a還是an由后面一個(gè)詞的首音決定。以元音開頭的詞前用an，以輔音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）開頭的詞前用a。例如：輔音字母或半元音開頭：atree,auniversity,ahouse,aEuropeancountry,aone-eyedman元音或半元音開頭：anapple,anumbrella,anhour,anelephant,anopera值得注意的是：.如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以輔音音素開頭就用a。例如university,useless,useful,unit,uniform;以元音音素開頭用an.例如:anuncle,anapple。.如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以不發(fā)音的h開頭，而h后面第一個(gè)音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour,honest。.如果不定冠詞和名詞之間有其他詞，不定冠詞的形式仍取決于它后面第一個(gè)詞的語音形式。例如arichuncle,abeautifulactresso不定冠詞的用法如下：.用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：Adictionaryisausefulbook.Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly..說明某人或某東西屬于哪一類，如：Thisisabook.Heusedtobeanengineer.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考.泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：Aboyiswaitingforme.Givemeapen,please..表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，如：Behindthehousethereisagarden.onceaweek..用于某些固定詞組中，如：afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry,forawhile,foraJongtime,a_cupof,abottleof,havea_rest,havea.talk,haveafever,haveagoodtime,have（take）a_walk,haveatoothache,takeabath,givealesson（二）定冠詞定冠詞的用法如下：.指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.Goandclosethewindow..特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：Thegirlinredismysister.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thebookonthedeskismine..指前面提到過的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksin_thefactory..用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前，以及在方位詞前。如：TheNileisihelongestriverintheworld.Hewonthefirstprize.Thesunrisesintheeast..用在某些名詞化的形容詞或過去分詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：therich,thesick,thenew,thefalse,thewounded.用在某些專用名詞前，如：theGreatWallthePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedNationstheNetherlands.在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlaintheRockyMountainstheYangtseRiver.在一些用語中，如：inthemorning（/afternoon/evening）,intheday,bytheway,onthewhole,thenextmorning,alltheyeararound,theotherday,atthesametime（三）不用冠詞的情況學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考.在不含普通名詞或某些專有名詞如表示人名，地名，機(jī)構(gòu)等China,BeihaiPark.名詞前面已有用作定語的this,that,my,your,some,any等代詞前，如:Theletterisfrommyfather.Ihaveabookinmyhand..在復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，如：Horsesareusefulanimals.Ilikecakes..在節(jié)日名稱、星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：TodayisSunday.Springisthebestseasonintheyear.Children,sDay.在某些固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語中，如：gotoschool,beinhospital,beinprison.一天三餐，球類運(yùn)動的名稱前，如：Iliketoplaybasketball.Wehavelunchatschool.X二、數(shù)詞(一)數(shù)詞的詞形(1)在1-12中，1-12為基數(shù)詞中的數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞1-3為特殊變化，序數(shù)詞4-12在基數(shù)詞詞尾加-th。［注意fifth(第五)；ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)的特殊拼寫］。(2)在13-19中，13-19基數(shù)詞在數(shù)詞3-9后加-teen構(gòu)成。其中13和15發(fā)生拼寫變化：thirteen和fifteen,相應(yīng)序數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成。13-19歲的少年用teens(inone'steens在某人十多歲時(shí))。(3)在20-90整十位數(shù)，在基數(shù)詞2-9之后加-ty構(gòu)成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞時(shí)，將詞尾y變i,再加-eth。表示二十多歲等用twenty等的復(fù)數(shù)twenties(inone,stwenties在某人二十多歲時(shí))。(4)兩位數(shù)之間的數(shù)，由十位數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間用連字符。構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，連字符前為基數(shù)詞，后為序數(shù)詞。如：二十五twenty-five;第九十九ninety-ninth.100以上數(shù)詞，整百位數(shù)由1-9加hundred構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th；整千位數(shù)由1-9加thousand構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th。在百位和個(gè)位之間須加and,如：141onehundredandforty-one；1201onethousandtwohundredandone,構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞只將最后一個(gè)數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。(二)使用基數(shù)詞的情況(1)念數(shù)(o念作/o/或zero)(2)電話號碼(62083338)(3)事物表示編號順序(名詞在前，如：Room303;WorldWarTwo)(4)貨幣(100dollars)(5)度量(50kilos)(6)小數(shù)(2.5meters)(三)使用序數(shù)詞的情況(1)第幾(2)月份后的號(August5th)學(xué)習(xí)資料

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考(3)事物表示順序(名詞在后，如：thefiftiethpage;theSecondWorldWar)(四)分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分比、倍數(shù)、四則運(yùn)算的表示方法類別說明例詞或例句分?jǐn)?shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1,分母的序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1/2讀作a(one)half1/3讀作a(one)third1/4讀作a(one)quarter或a(one)fourth4/5讀作fourfifths42/3讀作fourandtwothirdsTwothirdsoftheearthsurfaceiscoveredbywater.(地球表面的三分之二覆蓋著水)小數(shù)小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面各數(shù)都按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面仍按基數(shù)詞讀。零讀作o或zero.0.7讀作zeropointseven25.25讀作twenty-fivepointtwofive百分比百分比由基數(shù)詞+percent組成(%)2%讀作twopercent44%讀作forty-fourpercent100%讀作onehundredpercentMorethan25percentofthesurfaceofthegroundiscoveredwithgrass.百分之二十五以上的地面被草覆蓋著。倍數(shù)(1)倍數(shù)+as+形(副)原級+as(2)倍數(shù)+形(副)比較級+than(3)倍數(shù)+thesize(length,height,width,etc.)+of(表示大小或數(shù)量的名詞)Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Thisroomistwotimeslargerthanthatone.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.注意：上述三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意義是相同的。漢譯表達(dá)：這間房是那間房的三倍大。加、減、乘、除四則運(yùn)算用基數(shù)詞表示力口號用plus/and減號用minus乘號用times除號用dividedby9+8=17,讀作Nineplus(and)eightisseventeen.11-5=6,讀作Elevenminusfiveissix.6x5=30,讀作Sixtimesfiveisthirty.35+7=5, 讀作Thirty-fivedividedbysevenisfive.第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1、如兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個(gè)不同東西。例如：Mygrandparaisesablackandawhitedog. 我爺爺養(yǎng)了一只黑狗和一只白狗。Theblackandthewhitedogsarehis. 這只黑狗和白狗都是他的。2、如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞，則指一物。例如：Mygrandparaisesablackandwhitedog. 他養(yǎng)了一只黑白花狗。3'several或基數(shù)詞修飾hundred,thousand,million表示計(jì)數(shù)時(shí),一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如:severalhundredstudentswatchedthematch.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考4、dozensof,scoresof,hundredsof,millionsof,tensofthousandsof,hundredsofthousandsof,tensofmillionsof等結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示不確定的數(shù)量.例如：HundredsofthousandsofpeoplearegoingtowatchthefireworksintheCentralPark.Sheboughtdozensofeggslastweek.二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Iearn10dollarshourassupermarketcashieronSaturdays.A.a...anB.the...a C.an...aD.an...the答案為Co【解析】hour以元音開頭，前面加不定冠詞an,anhour“每小時(shí)”a表示“一個(gè)”，放在supermarketcashier前面表示類指，說明屬哪類人。譯文：星期六我作為超市出納員每小時(shí)掙10美元。a/an的用法規(guī)則：以元音音素開頭的單詞前用an,以輔音音素開頭的單詞前用ao例2、Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogaingoodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.A./ B.the C.a D.one答案為Co【解析】knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)被某些修飾語修飾時(shí)，前面要加不定冠詞，如：HehasaverygoodknowledgeofEnglish.他在英語方面有豐富的知識。例3、AlexanderGrahamBellinventedtelephonein1876.A./B.aC.theD.one答案為Co【解析】the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示一類泛指。例4、Thecakesaredelicious.He'dliketohavethirdonebecausesecondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a…a B.the…the C.a…the D.the…a答案為Co【解析】注意序數(shù)詞前面的冠詞的用法：當(dāng)序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)用定冠詞the；表示再來一次使用不定冠詞a(an)o從句子的意思可知，thirdone表示再吃一個(gè)，所以填a；secondone表示所吃的第二個(gè)，所以填theo這句話的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一個(gè)，因?yàn)樗缘牡诙€(gè)太小了.例5、Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedinleg.A.a B.one C.the D.his答案為Co【解析】傷及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介詞+the+部分。譯文：子彈擊中了戰(zhàn)士，他的腿受了傷。例6、peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyemaileveryday.A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion學(xué)習(xí)資料

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考答案為A?！窘馕觥吭趍illion,hundred等前如果有具體數(shù)字或several等詞時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。many一般不與million等詞連用。在表示不確切數(shù)目時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：表示“數(shù)百萬”英語為millionsof。譯文：每天，世界上有百十萬人通過email傳遞信息。例7、ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth...isB.Twofifth...areC.Twofifths...isD.Twofifths...are答案為C。【解析】分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。如果分子大于1，序數(shù)詞后加-s。分?jǐn)?shù)和百分比作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式取決于分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞。句子中的主語land是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞要用iscoveredo例8、Paperproducedeveryyearistheworld'sproductionofvehicles.A.thethreetimesweightofB.threetimestheweightofC.asthreetimesheavyas D.threetimesasheavieras答案為Bo【解析】表示倍數(shù)的詞數(shù)放在theweightof前，意思是“……重量的幾倍”。例9、Anaccidenthappenedatcrossroadsafewmetresawayfrombank.A.a…aB./…aC./…the D.the…/答案為Ao【解析】atacrossroads表示“在十字路口”，crossroads"十字路口”是復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)用法；bank是可數(shù)名詞，不能單獨(dú)使用（要加冠詞或復(fù)數(shù)），又非特指，不能用the。此處是泛指，前面要用不定冠詞a。例10、Smith——metobuyseveraleggsforthedinnerA、asked…dozen B、suggested…dozensofC、had…dozen D、persuaded…dozensof答案為Ao【解析】“dozen+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”前除了用具體數(shù)詞修飾外，還可以用several,many修飾，如severaldozenpeople,manydozenstudents等，dozen不力口s。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Ittakesushourormoretogotomyhometownbytrain.an…a學(xué)習(xí)資料an…a學(xué)習(xí)資料a...anan.../D.a.../學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考TheyhadwonderfultrainridetoChengdubeforetheywentontoMountEmeibybus.A.a…the B./…the C.a…/ D.the…aForalongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.A.the...a B.a...the C.a.../ D.the.../—Bytheway,haveyougotE-mailaddress?—Oh,yes,it,scthsc@.A.the B.an C.a D./bookonthedeskisusefulone.A.The...an B.A...a C.The...a D.The.../MygoodfriendLiqingstudiesatMiddleSchool.A.18 B.the18 C.18thNo. D.No.18IWhatdateisit?—It,s.A.theAprilthirteenth B.thethirteenthofAprilC.thirteenthApril D.AprilthirteenHisunclehaslivedatfortenyears.A.No.103XinhuaStreet B.103XinhuaStreetC.XinhuaStreet103 D.XinhuaStreetNo.103Pleasewaithere.I,llbebackinhours.A.twoandhalfaB.twoandahalfC.halfandtwoD.twoahalf.WhenyoucomeherefOryourholidaynexttime,don,tgotohotel.Icanfindyoubedinmyflat.A.the...a B.the.../ C.a...the D.a.../.ChinaislargerthantheUnitedStates.A.onesix B.onesixth C.onesixes D.asixths.Twodiedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeople B.hundredsoldpeoplesC.hundredoldpeople D.hundredoldpeoples.999readsninehundred.學(xué)習(xí)資料

學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A.andninetyninthB.andninety-nineC.ninetyandnineD.andninenine14.Ourteachertoldustowriteacomposition.A.two-thousand-wordB.two-thousand-wordsA.two-thousand-wordB.two-thousand-wordsD.asecondD.millionof18.ThenumberofthegirlsinourschoolA.are...hundredsB.is...hundredD.asecondD.millionof18.ThenumberofthegirlsinourschoolA.are...hundredsB.is...hundred19.isahappytimefor.A.ChineseNewYear…childrenC.ChineseNewYear…thechildren20.InMarxbegantolearnRussian.A.a1870B.the1870 morethansix .C.are...hundred D.is...hundredB.TheChineseNewYear…childrenD.TheChineseNewYear…thechildrenC.the18707s D.his1870C.twothousandswords D.two-thousands-wordHenryistallestintheirclass.A.threeB.thethree C.third D.thethirdWouldyouliketotrytime?A.two B.second C.atwoWhenspringcomes,treesareplantedinourcity.A.millionsofB.amillionof C.twomillions21.MostEnglishpeoplehavenames:name,amiddlenameandthefamilyname.A.three...first B.three...afirst C.thethree...thefirstD.thethird...onefirst22.oftheworld,sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish.A.ThreequarterB.ThreeofquartersC.Thirdfourths.Todaywe,regoingtolearnthelesson.A.twentyB.20 C.twentieth.A.ThreequarterB.ThreeofquartersC.Thirdfourths.Todaywe,regoingtolearnthelesson.A.twentyB.20 C.twentieth.—Howdeepisthehole?——Itis.A.fourmetredeepB.fourmetresdeepC.four-metredeepD.ThreefourthsD.twentythD.four-metres-deep.booksmustbeproducedforthechildren.A.ManythousandsB.ManythousandsofC.ManythousandofD.ManythousandA.thirteen,first.TherearedaysinJuneanddayisChildren,sDay.A.thirteen,firstB.thirty…thesecond C.thirty…thefirstD.thirteen…thefirst學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhavebetterunderstandingoflife.A.a...the B.the...a C./...the D.a.../.——Iheardthatasmanyas4,000peoplewerekilledin9.11HorrorAttack.—Yes,newscameasshocktous.A.the...the B.the...a C./.../ D./...a29.on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansismajorconcernofthecountry.A.The.../ B.The...a C.An...the D.An.../IspoketoyoungerMr.Hamilton,notHamiltonmanager.A./...the B.the.../ C.the...the D./…/There'sdictionaryondeskbyyourside.A.a...theB.a...a C.the...a D.the…the—Whereismyblueshirt?—It'sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetoweardifferentone.A.any B.the C.a D.otherIdon'tliketalkingontelephone,Ipreferwritingletters.A.a...the B.the.../ C.the…the D.a.../Mr.Smith,there,samanatfrontdoorwhosayshehasnewsforyouofgreatimportance.A.the.../ B.the…the C./.../ D./.theSummersinsouthofFranceareformostpartdryandsunny.A./.a B.the./ C././ D.the...theHegothurtinatrafficaccidentotherday.Nowhehasbeeninhospitalforaweek.A.the,/B.the,the C./,/ D./,theMarkwishedforrestafterhavinghardtimeatschool.A.a.a B.the.the C.a.the D.a./.schoolusuallybeginsinSeptember,whentheweatherisstillwarm.A./.../ B.The…/ C.The.the D.A.../Westoodatthetopofthemountaineastofthecity,watchingburningsun學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考rising.A./…a B.the…a C.the…the D./…the—Putwastebaginthedustbin.—It,snotwastebag.It,smyshoppingbag.A.a…a B.the…the C.the…a D.a…theHiscarsuddenlygotburntincr