詞性、句子成分、句型 02

詞性、句子成分、句子結(jié)構(gòu)ByVivian1英語(yǔ)單詞的詞性八大句子成分五大基本句型2一、英語(yǔ)單詞的詞性分類名詞n.student學(xué)生介詞prep.at在...動(dòng)詞v.cut砍、割連詞conj.and和形容詞adj.happy高興的感嘆詞interj.dear天吶

代詞pron.you你冠詞art.The/a/an數(shù)詞num.three三副詞adv.quickly迅速地3e.g.:Employeecangetmorebenefitfromtelecommutingthanemployer.主謂一致/單復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化2.可數(shù)名詞不能單獨(dú)使用EmployeeemployeesEmployeremployers名詞

4比較級(jí)的變化詞性混用：很多學(xué)生把形容詞當(dāng)做主語(yǔ)來(lái)用形容詞

e.g.:Honestissoimportantforeveryone.5定義：連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語(yǔ)與短語(yǔ)以及句與句的作用。分類：并列連詞和從屬連詞

并列連詞用來(lái)連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and,but,or,nor,so,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,andthen等等。

從屬連詞經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句,如:when,where,because,if,as,等連詞

6分類：基數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法二、序數(shù)詞1）序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：first—1st

second—2nd

thirty-first—31st三、數(shù)詞的用法

1）倍數(shù)表示法:twice/threetimes2）分?jǐn)?shù)表示法:one-third/two-thirds數(shù)詞

7介詞：介詞不可單獨(dú)使用，后面必須跟名詞,動(dòng)名詞或句子構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)等.Theoldwomanhaslivedinthetownfor30years.JapanistotheeastofChina.YoumusthavebeeninterestedinwhatLiuqianperformedintheparty.Iwillfinishethetaskinadvancebycooperatingwithmycolleagues.介詞

8功能：主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子e.g.:Hespokeslowlyandcarefully.Thefoodidverydelicious.Hefallsfarbehindinhisclassroom.Certainly,Iwillstandbyyouforever.分類：時(shí)間副詞:soon,then,today,tomorrow,afterwards地點(diǎn)副詞:here,there程度副詞:very,quite,rather方式副詞:beautifully,reluctantly,well頻度副詞:often,frequently,always副詞

9Practise:迅速找出句子里的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤1.Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontamunation(污染)isveryhardtoresolve.2.Manystudentsarelikestudyinghomeeconomics.3.Inpresent-daysociety,cultureswerebecomingverysimilar.4.TheInternethasinsteadofmanyclassrooms.5.Someparentsdonotobeytrafficruleshimself.6.Intelligentstudentsshouldnotbetreateddifferentbttheirteachers.(一處錯(cuò)誤)isareAre去掉Wereareinsteadoftakenpalceof

himselfthemselvesdifferentdifferently10八大句子成分主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)11主語(yǔ)：思考“什么不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)”1)Sometowns,cities,regionsandcountriesseemtohavebettereducationthanothers.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandsixiseight.4)Increasingthepriceofpetrolisthebestwaytosolvegrowingtrafficandpollutionproblems.(劍8例句)5)Tobeavaluablememberofanycommunityisnotlikelearningasimpleskill.(劍8例句)6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.12主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體，可以作主語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等，一般在句首。動(dòng)詞原形不等充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)13謂語(yǔ)：思考“一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該有幾個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”1)Ilikereading.2)Fewpeoplewouldseektopreservetraditions.3)Whatareyoudoing?4)Whathaveyoudone?

5)Hewasoftenlaughedatforthis.6)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.7)Thebenefitsofcomputerskillsforyoungchindrencannotbedenied.14謂語(yǔ)是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)或特征，在英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)句子永遠(yuǎn)只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：like復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：havedone一個(gè)句子有且只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)15賓語(yǔ)：思考“是否所有的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能加賓語(yǔ)”Ithinkitrighttohelpher.Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodoinsummer.Agoodwriterdoesnotconcentrateonthewords,phrases

andgrammar.16賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的行為對(duì)象，通常在及物動(dòng)詞和介詞的后面。能充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的有可以作主語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等。及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面才能加賓語(yǔ)17表語(yǔ)：思考“副詞是否能當(dāng)表語(yǔ)”1)Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.2)Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent.3)Theworldinsidetheschoolwallisdifferent

fromtheworldoutsidethosewalls.4)Traditionalmethodmayprovevaluableinthefuture.5)Thefactis

thatIneverlikehimatall.6)OurpurposeistoachieveIELTStest.18表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，它常位于系動(dòng)詞之后。表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。副詞不能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)Helooksbeautifully??!!19定語(yǔ)：思考“定語(yǔ)的位置”1）Electric

carswouldbebothquieterandcleanertouse.2)Thegirlintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.

3)Employeesneedtofeelthattheyaredoingvaluedandvaluablework.4)Inaddition,thegovernmentshouldfundtheparental

support.5)Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.6)Theyaremoreimportanttoourwell-beingandourfuturethanthestarswhoearntheirfortunessoquickly.20定語(yǔ)對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾或限定作用。能充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的有形容詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，分詞，或句子。單個(gè)的詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面21狀語(yǔ)：找出一下句子的狀語(yǔ)1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Sheputtheeggintothebasketwithgreatcare.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.6)IwillcallyoubythetimeIarriveinLondon.22定義：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)的功用：說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。狀語(yǔ)一般由：副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞和分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。23補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：難易程度※※※※※常見(jiàn)為以下五種結(jié)構(gòu)：1)名詞+名詞Thewarmadehimasoldier.2)名詞+形容詞Manypeoplefindtheirrewardsunfair.3)名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)Ioftenfindhimatwork.4)名詞+動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5)名詞+分詞Isawacatrunningacorsstheroad.24補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的作用對(duì)象是主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),在句法上是不可或缺的。最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。NOTE：補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是句子中最難理解的成分，現(xiàn)在同學(xué)們只要掌握并運(yùn)用好主，謂，賓，表，定就足夠了25同位語(yǔ)：難易程度※※※※

1）Wewereoverjoyedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2）Youcanleavetheworktothemthree.

3）Weallarestudents.4)Playingchess,onlyinterestofhislife,bringshimmuchfriends.Tips:同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后，重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的成分。常置被修飾詞語(yǔ)后．26Practise:正確劃出下列句子的成分：1)Isawyouruncleintheshopyesterday.2)HerfatherbecameaPartymemberin1950.3)SheknowshowtoteachEnglishproperly.4)Mr.HopkinsteachesMaryEnglish.27[I]

[saw]

[youruncle]

[intheshop][yesterday].[主]

[謂]

[賓語(yǔ)]

[地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)]

[時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)]2)[Herfather]

[became]

[aPartymember]

[in1950].

[主][系動(dòng)詞][表語(yǔ)][時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)]

3)[She]

[knows]

[howtoteachEnglishproperly].

[主][謂][賓語(yǔ)]4)[Mr.Hopkins]

[teaches]

[Mary]

[English].[主][謂][間接賓語(yǔ)][直接賓語(yǔ)]28三、五大基本句型3.1學(xué)習(xí)五大基本句型的作用是什么？3.2英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五大基本句型分別是什么？29五大基本句型：主＋謂主＋謂+賓主＋系＋表主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)30一、SV（主+謂不及物）Manproposes;Goddisposes.Thesunrisesandthesunsets.Firstimpressionscount.

（劍3，G,TB，R）1、他學(xué)習(xí)很好2、公交車和貨車相撞。(貨車：van相撞：collide)Hestudyswell.Thebusandvancollided31二、SVO(主+謂+賓及物）I`vefinishedreadingthebook.I`llpick

youupthisevening.Beautywillbuynobeef.

1、垃圾食品危害人的健康。（垃圾食品:Junkfood危害:impair）

2、旅游開(kāi)闊了眼界.（旅游:travelling開(kāi)闊:broaden眼界：vision）

Junkfoodimpairspeople’shealth.Travellingbroadensone’svision.32三、SVP(主+系+表)Helooks

unhappy.Thebestproofofloveis

trust.

Breadis

thestaffoflife.

1、運(yùn)動(dòng)是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和學(xué)校資源的浪費(fèi)。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間：schooltime資源：resource浪費(fèi)：awasteof2、現(xiàn)代世界充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。(劍5,T3,W）Sportisawasteofschooltimeandresources.Themodernworldisfullofcompetition.33在英語(yǔ)中，除了be動(dòng)詞以外，還有以下系動(dòng)詞：1）單純表示主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)的：feel,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等。①Thatsoundsgreat.②Thechickentastesnice.2）表示主語(yǔ)由一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài)的：become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come①Hopeyourdreamswillcome

true.

②Theleafwillturnyellowinautumn.3）表示主語(yǔ)保持某種狀態(tài)：continue,remain,stay,keep,hold,rest,prove等。①Theweathercontinued

fineforseveraldays.②Heheld

silentforthewholeday.34四、SVoO（主+謂+間賓+直賓）Heshowed

theguard

hispassport.Iwillbuy

you

ameal.1、他們給我三天時(shí)間來(lái)做這份工作。2、跳槽給我們帶來(lái)成就感.（跳槽:job-hopping成就感：asenseofachievement.）Theyallowedmethreedaystodothework.Job-hoppingoffersusasenseofachievement.35五、SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）Youcanleavethedooropen.Thechairmandeclaredthemeetingover.Ahedge(樹(shù)籬)betweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.TheyappointedJohnchairman.1、所有的評(píng)論家都認(rèn)為這本書(shū)是一部杰作。

（critics:評(píng)論家consider:認(rèn)為masterpiece:杰作）

2、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他很適合做這項(xiàng)工作。適合：suitable

Allthecriticsconsideredthebookamasterpiece.

Wefoundhimaverysuitablepersonforthejob.36

比較：雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

①ImadeJohnourchairman.

②ImadeJohnacake.37Therebe句型There+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.

therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be可以運(yùn)用各種時(shí)態(tài)。

現(xiàn)在存在

thereis/are…過(guò)去存在therewas/were…將來(lái)存在

therewillbe…/is/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)存在

therehas/havebeen…38Therebe的就近原則動(dòng)詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟therebe之后的真正的主語(yǔ)一致，并且要根據(jù)就近一