翻譯常用技巧及練習(xí)匯總

后期TranslationTechniquesContentsDictionAmplificationOmissionConversionRestructuringPassiveVoiceAffirmative&NegativeDiction選詞ExampleCorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel

ExercisesBACK

ExampleTensionisbuildingup.

Withoutcontext,both“tension”and“buildingup”mayhavevariousexplanations.ThustheEnglishsentencemaybetranslatedintodifferentChineseexpressionsaccordingly:

形勢(shì)緊張起來(lái) 張力在增大 電壓在增加 壓力在增強(qiáng)E-C&C-ECorrespondenceatWordLevel

Generallyspeaking,thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows:word-for-wordcorrespondencewordswithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaningwordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningequivalentsinterwovenwithoneanotherwordswithoutequivalents1.word-forwordcorrespondenceProperNounsandtechnicalterms.e.g: Marxism=馬克思主義

Aspirin=阿司匹林 激光=Laser

白血病=leukemia2.

wordswithmultipleequivalentsofthesamemeaning

wife:妻子，愛(ài)人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳婦，堂客，內(nèi)人potato：馬鈴薯，洋芋，土豆，山藥蛋人：humanbeing,man,people,person犬：dog,hound,spaniel,setter3.wordswithseveralequivalentsofdifferentmeaningcousin:堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表哥，表弟，表姐，表妹president:總統(tǒng)，總裁，主席，董事長(zhǎng)，議長(zhǎng)，會(huì)長(zhǎng)，社長(zhǎng)，校長(zhǎng)走:walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,tiptoe,shamble,clump,prance機(jī):machine,engine,plane,aircraft4.equivalentsinterwovenwithoneanothersay,speak,talk,tell說(shuō)，講，談，訴5.wordswithoutequivalentsteenager：13-19歲的青少年clock-watcher：老是看鐘等下班的人陰(inChinesethoughts)thesoftinactivefemaleprincipleorforceintheworld.陽(yáng)(inChinesethoughts)thestrongactivemaleprincipleorforceintheworldbackheadYoushoulduseyourheadalittle.Hehasagoodheadformathematics.Thedinnercost5dollarsahead.

Letsdiscussthequestionunder5heads.Hewasstandingattheheadofthestaircase.Whereisthehead?ExercisesYoushoulduseyourheadalittle.

你應(yīng)該用一下自己的頭腦。Hehasagoodheadformathematics.

他的數(shù)學(xué)能力很強(qiáng)。

Thedinnercost5dollarsahead.

這頓飯花去我們每人5塊錢(qián)。

Let’sdiscussthequestionunder5heads.

我們分5個(gè)題目來(lái)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Hewasstandingattheheadofthestaircase.

他站在樓梯的頂端。Whereisthehead?

廁所在哪里？（船上用語(yǔ)）頭她正在梳頭。一輛小車(chē)停在橋西頭。他頭天上午就來(lái)了。我們有30頭牛。這還是我頭一次來(lái)武漢。孩子們?cè)谏筋^上上玩。

Sheiscombingherhair.Acarwasparkedatthewestendofthebridge.Hecameherethepreviousmorning.Wehave30(headof)cattle.ThisisthefirsttimeIcametoWuhan.Thechildrenareplayingonthetopofthehill.backAmplification(增詞法)

Definition

AmplificationinE–CTranslation

AmplificationinC-ETranslation

ExercisesBACKDefinitionAmplification,alsocalledaddition,meanssupplyingnecessarywordsintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.backI.AmplificationinE–CTranslationGenerallyspeaking,inEnglish-Chinesetranslation,amplificationcanbeemployedinthefollowing8situations:1.bysupplyingwordsomittedintheoriginalIntheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandthetabletennisexhibition,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommuniqué.晚上在參加宴會(huì)、出席音樂(lè)會(huì)、觀看乒乓球表演以后，他還得起草最后公報(bào)。Avoidusingthiscomputerinextremecold,heat,dust,orhumidity.

不要在過(guò)冷，過(guò)熱，灰塵過(guò)重，濕度過(guò)大的情況下使用電腦。

Ignoranceisthemotheroffearsaswellasofadmiration.

無(wú)知是恐懼的根源，也是崇拜的根源。2.

bysupplyingnecessaryconnectives

Heated,waterwillchangeintovapor.

水如受熱，就會(huì)汽化。3.

bysupplyingwordstoconveypluralityFlowersbloomallovertheyards.

朵朵鮮花開(kāi)滿(mǎn)庭院。4.

bysupplyingwordsofspecificationTherehadbeentoomuchviolenceinthatregion.

那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了許多暴力事件。5.

bysupplyingwordsofgeneralizationThethesissummedupthenewachievementsmadeinelectroniccomputers,artificialsatellitesandrockets.

論文總結(jié)了電子計(jì)算機(jī)，人造衛(wèi)星和火箭三方面的新成就。6.

amplificationforrhetoricorcoherenceThistypewriterisindeedcheapandfine.

這部打字機(jī)真是價(jià)廉物美。7.

amplificationforlogicTheKODAKFichereader321Aiseasytooperate,versatile,compactandhasapleasingmoderndesign.

柯達(dá)321A型微膠片閱讀器操作簡(jiǎn)便，功能齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，造型美觀。II.

AmplificationinC-ETranslation要提倡顧全大局。天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰。年滿(mǎn)18歲的公民，都有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。要提倡顧全大局。Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰。Itwassocoldthattheriverfroze.年滿(mǎn)18歲的公民，都有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。Allcitizenswhohavereachedtheageof18havetherighttovoteandtostandforelection.1.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessarypronouns大作收到，十分高興。

Iwasverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.沒(méi)有調(diào)查就沒(méi)有發(fā)言權(quán)。

He

whomakesnoinvestigationhasnorighttospeak.2.amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryarticles我們對(duì)問(wèn)題要做全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。

Wemustmakea

comprehensiveanalysisofa

problembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.3.amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryconnectives老師在等我，我得走了。

Theteacheriswaitingforme,soImustbeoffnow.留得青山在，不怕沒(méi)柴燒。

Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.4.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessaryprepositions你是白天工作還是夜間工作？

Doyouworkintheday-timeoratnight?該地區(qū)已沒(méi)什么城鄉(xiāng)差別。

Thereislittledifferencebetweentownandcountryinthisregion.5.

amplifyingbyaddingnecessarybackgroundwords三個(gè)臭皮匠，賽過(guò)諸葛亮。

ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.這真是俗話說(shuō)的，“旁觀者清”。

ItisjustasProverbgoes,“Theonlookersseesthemostofthegame”backExercisesReadingmakethafullman;conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.Wewon’tretreat,weneverhaveandneverwill.Oceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.Theirhostcarved,poured,served,cutbread,talked,laughed,proposedhealth.吃飯防噎，走路防跌。送君千里，終有一別。天氣這樣悶，十之八九要下雨。他們患得患失，拒絕接受分配給他們的任務(wù)。讀書(shū)使人充實(shí)，討論使人敏銳，寫(xiě)作使人精確。我們不后退，我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有后退過(guò)，我們將來(lái)也決不會(huì)后退。海洋與其說(shuō)是分隔了世界，不如說(shuō)是連接了整個(gè)世界。熱情的主人又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，談啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙個(gè)不停。Whileeating,takeheedthatyoudonotchoke;whilewalking,takeheedthatyoudonotfall.Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.Withtheweathersocloseandstuffy,tentooneit’llrainpresently.Swayedbyconsiderationsofgainandloss,theyrefusedtoacceptthejobsassignedtothem.backOmission省略法

OmissioninE-Ctranslation

OmissioninC-Etranslation

ExercisesBACKI.OmissioninE-CTranslationThetime-keepingdevicesofelectronicwatchesaremuchmoreaccuratethanthoseofmechanicalones.

電子表比機(jī)械表準(zhǔn)確得多。Example:Itisconflictandnotunquestioningagreementthatkeepsfreedomalive.

自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。（省強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it）

Onemustmakepainstakingeffortsbeforeonecouldsucceedinmasteringaforeignlanguage.

掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，非下苦功夫不可。（省代詞）Asoldiermustobeyorders.

軍人必須服從命令。（省冠詞）1.

Omissionofthepronoun

Heputhishandsintohispocketandshrugged

hisshoulders.

他將雙手放進(jìn)衣袋，然后聳了聳肩。2.

OmissionoftheArticle

Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquidoragas.

任何物質(zhì)，不論是固體，液體或氣體，都由原子組成。3.

OmissionoftheprepositionSmokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.

公共場(chǎng)所，禁止吸煙。Thedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower.

這兩臺(tái)機(jī)器的差別在于功率不同。4.

OmissionoftheconjunctionHelookedgloomyandtroubled.

他看上去有些憂(yōu)愁不安。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavejoinedinit.

早知如此，我就不參加了。5.

OmissionoftheVerbWhenthepressuregetslow,theboilingpointbecomeslow.

氣壓低，沸點(diǎn)就低。Solidsexpandandcontractasliquidsandgasesdo.

同液體和氣體一樣，固體也能膨脹和收縮。6.

OmissionoftheImpersonalPronoun“It”O(jiān)utsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs.

外面一團(tuán)漆黑，大雨傾盆。Itwasnotuntilthemiddleof19thcenturythattheblastfurnacecameintouse.

直到19世紀(jì)中葉，高爐才開(kāi)始使用。backII.OmissioninC–ETranslation

OmissioninC-Etranslationisgenerallyemployedinthreecircumstances:redundantwordsinoriginalChinese,suchasunnecessaryrepetitionandwordyexpressions;theoriginalmeaningthathasalreadybeenimpliedinthecontextofEnglishversion;theoriginalmeaningobviouslyshownintheEnglishversionwithoutfurtherelaboration.1.

OmissionofRedundantWords我已經(jīng)提前完成了交給我的工作，他也提前完成了交給他的工作。

Ihavefulfilledmyassignedworkaheadofschedule,sohashe.這些都是人民內(nèi)部矛盾問(wèn)題。

Allthesearecontradictionsamongthepeople.多年來(lái)那個(gè)國(guó)家有嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象. Formanyyearstherehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.2.

OmissionofMeticulousDescription花園里面是人間的樂(lè)園，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的綾羅綢緞，花不完的金銀財(cái)寶。

Thegardenwasaparadiseonearth,withmorefoodandclothesthancouldbeconsumedandmoremoneythancouldbespent.backExercisesThesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritories,encompassalargepopulationaboundinnaturalresources.Nevertroubleyourselfwithtroubletilltroubletroublesyou.他把事情一五一十的都給父母講了。這些新型汽車(chē)速度快，效率高、行動(dòng)靈活。這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家都地大物博，人口眾多。不要自尋麻煩。

Hetoldhisparentsthewholestoryasitexactlyhappened.Thenewlyproducedcarisfast,efficientandhandy.backConversion轉(zhuǎn)換法定義詞性轉(zhuǎn)換句法成分、語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換敘述角度、表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換ExercisesThiswatchnevervariesmorethanasecondinamonth.

這塊表一個(gè)月的誤差從不超過(guò)一秒鐘。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.

火箭已經(jīng)用來(lái)探索宇宙。Carefulcomparisonofthemwillshowyouthedifference.

只要仔細(xì)把它們比較一下，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處。Conversion,oneofthecommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques,meansthechangeofpartofspeech,partsofsentence,perspectives,ranslation.轉(zhuǎn)換詞性、句法成分、語(yǔ)態(tài)、視角和表達(dá)方式等I.Definition詞性轉(zhuǎn)換——英漢翻譯Generallyspeaking,conversionofpartsofspeechinE-Ctranslationtakethefollowingforms:

1.

ConversionintoVerbs

2.ConversionintoNouns

3.ConversionintoAdjectives

4.ConversionintoAdverbs1.ConversionintoVerbsIthinkmylittlesisterisabetterteacherthanI.

我的小妹妹比我教得好。Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.

黨的干部每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，吃的是粗茶淡飯，住的是冰冷的窯洞，點(diǎn)的是黯淡的油燈

Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.

你完全不懂你在婚姻方面應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。Tips大量使用名詞、形容詞、介詞詞組等靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，是英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志，而漢語(yǔ)中則大量使用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。因此，英翻漢時(shí)具有動(dòng)詞概念的靜態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組2.

ConversionintoNounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.

這些材料的特點(diǎn)是：絕緣性好，耐磨性強(qiáng)。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.

在他們看來(lái)，他就是絕對(duì)權(quán)利的化身。Iwishhewasblind． 我希望他是個(gè)瞎子。3.

ConversionintoAdjectivesIndependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.

學(xué)習(xí)中獨(dú)立思考是絕對(duì)必須的。Thisexperimentwasasuccess.

這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)很成功。Thepressureinsideequalsthepressureoutside.

內(nèi)部的壓力和外部的壓力相等。4.

ConversionintoAdverbsOnlywhenwestudytheirpropertiescanwemakebetteruseofthematerials.

只有研究這些材料的特性才能更好地利用它們。Ihavethehonortoinformyouthatyourrequestisgranted.

我榮幸地通知您，您的請(qǐng)求已得到批準(zhǔn)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換——漢英翻譯VerbsConvertedIntoOtherPartsofSpeech徐悲鴻畫(huà)馬畫(huà)得特別好。

Xu

Beihong’s

drawingsofhorsesareexceptionallygood.絕對(duì)不許違反這個(gè)原則。

Noviolationofthisprinciplecanbetolerated.ConversionsBetweenOtherPartsofSpeech該廠產(chǎn)品的主要特點(diǎn)是工藝精湛，經(jīng)久耐用。

Theproductsofthisfactory

arechieflycharacterized

bytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率。

Theadoptionofthisnewdevicewillgreatlycutdownthepercentageofdefectiveproducts.back句子成分、語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換1.BrusselsfelltohimonSeptember3andAntwerpthenext.他于9月3日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下安特衛(wèi)普。2.Theywereattendedfrommorningtonightbyfemalehelpers,wivesandnursesandsecretaries.從早到晚，都有妻子、護(hù)士、秘書(shū)這樣的女幫手服侍他們。3.Youcanalwaystellthesomebodiesfromthenobodiesatacocktailparty.Thesomebodiescomelate.在雞尾酒會(huì)上人們常?？梢钥闯龃笕宋锖蜔o(wú)名小卒來(lái)。那些遲到的就是大人物。（主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為表語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)）4.Cheerful,efficientandwarm-hearted,theywilldoeverythingtomakeyourjourneysmoothandcomfortable.他們樂(lè)觀、能干、熱情，總是想方設(shè)法使你一路上順利舒適。（狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為謂語(yǔ)）

Tips:英語(yǔ)的句法結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)固定，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用頻率較漢語(yǔ)多。翻譯時(shí)不應(yīng)太拘泥于原文的句法成分，不妨考慮將原文的句法成分進(jìn)行調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)換，或者將原文的語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。觀察視角、表達(dá)方式的轉(zhuǎn)換1.非常感謝您的配合。

Yourcooperationwillbegreatlyappreciated.2.Apologyismissinghim.他毫無(wú)道歉之意。3.Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation.八十七年前，我們的先輩在這塊大陸上創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)新的國(guó)家。（計(jì)量詞轉(zhuǎn)換，變?yōu)樽g語(yǔ)中清楚明了的表達(dá)方式。）4.Shehasbeenawidowonlyforsixmonths.

她丈夫死了至今才不過(guò)半年。5.──按月計(jì)算有什么優(yōu)惠嗎？

──有，可以打9折。──Isthereaspecialratebythemonth?

──Yes,thereisa10%discount.

Tips:英漢語(yǔ)言存在思維方式和觀察視角的差別，因此在翻譯時(shí)要經(jīng)常嘗試不同的敘述角度和表達(dá)方式，不可對(duì)原文亦步亦趨。IV.ExercisesWiththepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmore.Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.Thereisabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.Thethiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing.他們一不會(huì)做工，二不會(huì)種地，三不會(huì)打仗。他在講話中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。Withthepassageoftime,myadmirationforhimgrewmore.

隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我對(duì)他越來(lái)越敬慕。Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.

我的聽(tīng)眾少則數(shù)十人，多則上千人。Thereisabigincreaseindemandforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.

目前我國(guó)各地對(duì)各種消費(fèi)品的需求已大大增加。Thethiefmadeatremblingconfessionofhiswrongdoing.

小偷顫抖著交代了自己干的壞事。他們一不會(huì)做工，二不會(huì)種地，三不會(huì)打仗。

Theydon’tknowathingaboutfactorywork,noraboutfarmwork;noraboutmilitaryaffairs.

他在講話中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。

Inhisspeechhelaidspecialstressonraisingthequalityoftheproducts.backRestructuringDefinitionRearrangethewordorderSplitting

CombinationExercisesBACKI.

Definition重組法，重組包括：改變?cè)木渥映煞值呐帕许樞虿鸱郑ú鸪鲈牡膬?nèi)在意義單元并分別翻譯）合并（以譯文的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣重組各分部分譯文）BACKII.

RearrangethewordorderMostoftheinformationwegotisthroughthatchannel.

我們得到的大部分消息是通過(guò)那個(gè)渠道獲得的。(Differentorderoftheattributivephrasesandclauses)Hisaddressis3621MarketStreet,Philadelphia,PA.19104,U.S.A.

他的地址是美國(guó)賓夕法利亞州費(fèi)城市場(chǎng)街3612號(hào)。郵政編碼19140。(Differentorderofthesequenceofevents)Myunclepassedawayinhospitalat2.30a.m.onSeptember12,1999.

我的伯父于1999年12月凌晨2點(diǎn)30分在醫(yī)院逝世。(differentorderoftheadverbialsoftime)Rocketresearchhasconfirmedastrangefact

whichhadalreadybeensuspected:thereisa“hightemperaturebelt”intheatmosphere,withitscenterroughlythirtymilesabovetheground.

人們?cè)缇蛻岩纱髿鈱又杏幸粋€(gè)“高溫帶”其中心在距地面大約30英里高的地方。利用火箭加以研究以后，這一奇異的事實(shí)已得到了證實(shí)。BACKIII.

Splitting將修飾多、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的部分，尤其是長(zhǎng)句進(jìn)行拆譯，分解成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單位，靈活處理。單詞分譯：TheAmericancommander,AdmiralNimitz,wasunderstandablyreluctanttojointhebattle.美軍司令海軍上將尼米茲怠于出戰(zhàn)，這是可以理解的。（將副詞分譯成一個(gè)小句。）ThenandtherehenamedthestartledGenerallyingwoundedonhiscotthenewCommanderinChiefoftheAirforce…

他就在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)厝蚊@位躺在榻上治傷的將軍為空軍總司令，使這位將軍吃了一驚。

短語(yǔ)分譯：Playingitsprinciplerole,IsraelinafewdaysdestroyedmoretownsandvillagesandcommittedmoresavageactsallovertheterritoriesitinvadedthantheVandalsofoldcommittedinmanyamonth.以色列表演了它的拿手好戲，幾天之內(nèi)在其入侵的全部土地上，摧毀的城鎮(zhèn)和村莊就比古代汪達(dá)爾人在好幾個(gè)月之內(nèi)摧毀的還要多，犯下的罪行還要野蠻。（將分詞譯成一個(gè)小句）從句分譯：Itisnotsurprisingthat,whenhumidityislow,thewaterevaporatesrapidlyfromthefruit.

在大氣濕度低的情況下，水果里的水份蒸發(fā)就快，這是不足為奇的。ItwasakeendisappointmentthatIhadtopostponethevisitIhadintendedtopaytoChinainJanuary.

我原打算在今年1月訪問(wèn)中國(guó)，后來(lái)我又不得不予以推遲，這使我深感失望。Tips:英語(yǔ)的單詞、短語(yǔ)、分句等，表現(xiàn)力很強(qiáng)，而且由于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的“形合”特點(diǎn)，各句子成分之間有很強(qiáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)性，因此句子通常成分復(fù)雜而繁多。而漢語(yǔ)單句句式，以精煉、短小為美，篇章則以句子眾多為特征。因此在英翻漢時(shí)，可以對(duì)原文中難以直譯的句子成分（包括詞、詞組、分句）進(jìn)行切分，另以漢語(yǔ)句子譯之。相反，在漢譯英時(shí)，則多用到合并。Combination1.這時(shí)她發(fā)現(xiàn)腿上有了一個(gè)持續(xù)不消的腫塊。2）她原以為是由于工作勞累造成的。3）看醫(yī)生后才知道是一個(gè)骨瘤(bonetumor)，而且不能手術(shù)切除。4）一周后她的那條腿就截去了。Shefoundherselfminusthelegoneweekafterconsultingadoctoraboutapersistentswellingsheattributedtohardwork—itwasaninoperablebonetumor.VI.

Exercises1.Thistea–partywasgivenbyMr.Smith,seniorcorrespondentofTheTimes,London.2.Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.3.IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeancommunity.4.直到昨天我才知道他住院了。5.他穿過(guò)馬路時(shí)，左顧右盼，害怕撞到過(guò)路的車(chē)子上。6.我們的部隊(duì)水陸并進(jìn)，及時(shí)抵達(dá)前線。Thistea–partywasgivenbyMr.Smith,seniorcorrespondentofTheTimes,London.這個(gè)茶會(huì)是由倫敦《泰晤士報(bào)》的高級(jí)記者史密斯先生舉辦的。Hewouldbearashmanwhoshouldventuretodefyworldpublicopinionandactarbitrarily.如果有人敢于公然藐視世界公眾輿論而一意孤行，那他一定是個(gè)魯莽之徒。IbelievestronglythatitisintheinterestsofmycountrymenthatBritainshouldremainanactiveandenergeticmemberoftheEuropeancommunity.我強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為，英國(guó)應(yīng)該繼續(xù)是歐洲共同體中一個(gè)積極而充滿(mǎn)活力的成員，這是符合我國(guó)人民利益的。直到昨天我才知道他住院了。Ididn’tknowthathewashospitalizeduntilyesterday.他穿過(guò)馬路時(shí)，左顧右盼，害怕撞到過(guò)路的車(chē)子上。Whilecrossingthestreet,helookedrightandleft,afraidthathemightrunintosomepassingcar.我們的部隊(duì)水陸并進(jìn)，及時(shí)抵達(dá)前線。Ourtroopsadvancedbybothlandandwatertoarriveatthefrontintime.

Affirmativevs.Negative

NegationinE-CTranslationNegationinC-ETranslationExercises

BACKI.

NegationinE-CTranslationA.CategoriesofEnglishnegativewordsandexpressions

1)Fullnegatives:no,not,none,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor2)Partialnegatives:hardly,scarcely,seldom,barely,few,little,etc.3)Partialnegatives:notevery;notall,notboth,notmuch,notmany,notalways,etc.4)Wordswithnegativeimplication:fail,without,beyond,until,lest,ignorant,refuse,neglect,absence,insteadof,etc.1.

AffirmativeinE,butNegativeinCSuchachancewasdenied(to)me.

我沒(méi)有得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。Ihavereadyourarticle.Iexpecttomeetanolderman.

拜讀了你的大作，沒(méi)想到你這樣年輕。Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract.

他無(wú)權(quán)簽定這個(gè)合同。Thecriminalisstillatlarge.

罪犯還未捉拿歸案。B.CasesofnegationinE-Ctranslation2.

NegativeinE,AffirmativeinCThedoubtwasstillunsolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanation.

雖經(jīng)他一再解釋?zhuān)蓤F(tuán)依然存在。Hecarelesslyglancedthroughthenoteandgotaway.

他馬馬虎虎地看了看那張便條就走了。Allthearticleareuntouchableinthemuseum.

博物館內(nèi)，一切展品禁止觸摸。Don’tlosetimeinpostingtheletter.

趕快把著封信寄出去。3.

DoubleNegativeforEmphasisThereisnorulethathasnoexception.

任何規(guī)則都有例外。Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutanydisadvantage.

有一利必有一弊。Iamnotreluctanttoacceptyourproposal.

你的建議我愿意接受。Itssignificanceandimportancecanneverbeoveremphasized.

它的意義和重要性，不管怎樣強(qiáng)調(diào)也不過(guò)分。4.

RoundaboutAffirmative

Thereisanindirectwayofexpressingastrongaffirmative,andwhentranslatedintoChinese,theemotionoftheoriginalshouldbeproperlykept.Hedidn’thalflikethegirl.

他非常喜歡那姑娘。Icouldn’tfeelbetter.

我覺(jué)得身體好極了。Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.

我太贊成你的看法了。5.

SomeTrapsinnegativestructures

1)cannot…tooYoucannotbetoocarefulinproofreading.校對(duì)時(shí)，越仔細(xì)越好。Ishallneverbeabletostresstoomuchforyourkindness.不管我怎么感謝你，都不足以報(bào)恩于萬(wàn)一。2)not…becauseTheenginedidn’tstopbecausethefuelwasfinished.

引擎并不是因?yàn)槿剂虾谋M而停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。InthatcitywehadneversuffereddiscriminationbecausewewereJews.

我們?cè)谀亲鞘袕奈匆驗(yàn)槭仟q太人而遭受到歧視。Thisversionisnotplacedfirstbecauseitissimple.

此方案并不是因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)單而放在首位的。3)all…notAllthatglittersisnotgold.

發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。Allcitiesdidnotlooklikeastheydotoday.

在過(guò)去，城市并不都像今天這樣，個(gè)個(gè)千篇一律。4)both…notButyousee,webothcannotgo.

但是我告訴你，我們倆不能同時(shí)都走。Boththeinstrumentsarenotprecisionones.

這兩件東西不都是精密儀器。II.

NegationinC-ETranslationNegativeinChinese,butAffirmativeinEnglishAffirmativeinChinese,butNegativeinEnglish1.

NegativeinC,AffirmativeinE

在他還沒(méi)來(lái)得及阻擋我之前，我已經(jīng)跑出教室。

Beforehecouldstopme,Ihadrushedoutoftheclassroom.俗話說(shuō)，“男兒有淚不輕彈，皆因未到傷心處?！?/p>

Asthesayinggoes:“Menonlyweep

whendeeplyhurt.”2.

AffirmativeinC,NegativeinE

到目前為止，該組織辜負(fù)了世界人民所給予的厚望。

Thisorganizationhasnot,sofar,justifiedthehopeswhichthepeopleoftheworldplaceinit.III.Exercises

AllgraduatesfromtheForeignLanguagesInstituteswillnotbeappointedtodotranslationwork.Nothingissobeautifulbutitbetrayssomedefectoncloseinspection.Fewthingsareimpossibleinthemselves:anditisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmenfailofsuccess.Onemayaswellbeasleeptoreadforanythingbuttoimprovehismindandmorals,andregulatehisconduct.工作沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，出點(diǎn)差錯(cuò)，在所難免。他開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。他只顧自己，不顧別人，使得大家都很生氣。KeytoExercises:AllgraduatesfromtheForeignLanguagesInstituteswillnotbeappointedtodotranslationwork.

外語(yǔ)院校的畢業(yè)生并非人人被分配去做翻譯工作。Onecouldnotbetoocarefulinanewneighborhood.

新到一個(gè)陌生的鄰里，越小心越好。Nothingissobeautifulbutitbetrayssomedefectoncloseinspection.

再漂亮的東西，只要仔細(xì)觀察，也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)某種缺陷。Fewthingsareimpossibleinthemselves:anditisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmenfailofsuccess.

事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，與其說(shuō)由于條件不夠，不如說(shuō)由于缺乏決心。Onemayaswellbeasleeptoreadforanythingbuttoimprovehismindandmorals,andregulatehisconduct.

讀書(shū)如果不是為了培養(yǎng)才德和端莊品行，還不如睡大覺(jué)好。工作沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，出點(diǎn)差錯(cuò)，在所難免。

Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyouarenewtoyourwork.他開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。

Hisabsenceofmindduringthedrivingnearlycausedanaccident.他只顧自己，不顧別人，使得大家都很生氣。

Hislackoftheconsiderationforthefeelingsoftheothersangeredeveryonepresent.堂上練習(xí)匯總Weliveinanascendingscalewhenwelivehappily,onethingleadingtoanotherinanendlessseries.Thereisalwaysanewhorizonforonward-lookingmen,andalthoughwedwellonasmallplanet,immersedinpettybusinessandnotenduringbeyondabriefperiodofyears,wearesoconstitutedthatourhopesareinaccessible,likestars,andthetermofhopingisprolongeduntilthetermoflife.Tobetrulyhappyisaquestionofhowwebeginandnotofhowweend,ofwhatwewantandnotofwhatwehave.所謂幸福，正是追求不怠。此時(shí)種種事務(wù)接踵而來(lái)，綿綿無(wú)期。但須向前看，總有新世界。我輩棲身此彈丸星球，整日瑣事纏身，人生轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。希望恰如繁星，遙不可及。但一息尚存，則希翼不止，固本性使然。求始而不求終，重所求而不重所有，方謂之真幸福。正是因?yàn)椴煌５刈非筮M(jìn)取，我們才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件隨之而來(lái)，如此連綿不絕，永無(wú)止境。對(duì)于往前看的人來(lái)說(shuō)，眼前總有一番新天地。雖然我們蝸居于這顆小行星上，整日忙于鎖事且生命短暫，但我們生來(lái)就有不盡的希望，如天上繁星，遙不可及。只要生命猶在，希望便會(huì)不止。真正的幸福在于怎樣開(kāi)始，而不是如何結(jié)束，在于我們的希翼，而并非擁有。AyoungfellowrecentlyfinishedtheworksofThomasCarlyle,windingup,ifwerememberalright,withthetennote-booksuponFredericktheGreat（腓特烈大帝）.“What!”criedtheyoungfellow,inconsternation,“istherenomoreCarlyle?AmIlefttothedailypapers?”AmorecelebratedinstanceisthatofAlexander,whoweptbitterlybecausehehadnomoreworldstosubdue.AndwhenGibbonhadfinishedtheDECLINEANDFALL(《羅馬帝國(guó)衰亡史》),hehadonlyafewmomentsofjoy;anditwaswitha"sobermelancholy"thathepartedfromhislabours.參考譯文:

最近，一位年輕人讀完了托馬斯*卡萊爾的著作。如果我沒(méi)記錯(cuò)的話，關(guān)于腓特列大帝的筆記他記了整整十本。“什么？”這個(gè)年輕人驚恐地叫道：“沒(méi)有卡萊爾的書(shū)可讀了？那我只能看看日?qǐng)?bào)了？”另一個(gè)比較有名的例子是亞歷山大，他因?yàn)橐褯](méi)有國(guó)家供他征服而號(hào)啕大哭。當(dāng)吉本完成《羅馬帝國(guó)衰亡史》，也只不過(guò)高興了一時(shí)，然后帶著清醒而又抑郁的心情，他向往日的勞動(dòng)成果揮手作別。TheRewardsofLivingaSolitaryLifeTheotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregarious(愛(ài)交際的)andcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedlyaloneinNewYorkforanhourortwobetweenappointments.HewenttotheWhitneyandspentthe"empty"timelookingatthingsinsolitarybliss.Forhimitprovedtobeashocknearlyasgreatasfallinginlovetodiscoverthathecouldenjoyhimselfsomuchalone.Whathadhebeenafraidof,Iaskedmyself?That,suddenlyalone,hewoulddiscoverthatheboredhimself,orthattherewas,quitesimply,noselftheretomeet?Buthavingtakentheplunge,heisnowonthebrinkofadventure;heisabouttobelaunchedintohisowninnerspace.Hiseveryperceptionwillcometohimwithanewfreshnessand,foratime,seemstartlinglyoriginal.Foranyonewhocanseethingsforhimselfwithanakedeyebecomes,foramomentortwo,somethingofagenius.Withanotherhumanbeingpresentvisionbecomesdoublevision,inevitably.Wearebusywondering,whatdoesmycompanionseeorthinkofthis,andwhatdoIthinkofit?Theoriginalimpactgetslost,ordiffused.獨(dú)自生活的報(bào)償前些日子，我的一個(gè)熟人，一位熱愛(ài)交際并很受歡迎的男士告訴我，他在紐約的兩個(gè)約會(huì)之間偶然有一兩個(gè)小時(shí)的空閑，他便去了惠特尼博物館，四處瀏覽著展品，無(wú)比幸福的度過(guò)了那些時(shí)光。發(fā)現(xiàn)自已獨(dú)自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感覺(jué)像墜入愛(ài)河那般震驚?！八恢痹诤ε率裁茨兀俊?，我問(wèn)自已。怕突然一個(gè)人呆著會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自已厭煩自己，或者怕會(huì)失去自我？但是有了這次償試，他便要開(kāi)始探險(xiǎn)了。他就要發(fā)射到自已內(nèi)心的宇宙之中。他的所見(jiàn)所感對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)將會(huì)是全新的，一度會(huì)新穎的讓人驚奇。因此每個(gè)能用肉眼觀看事物的人，一時(shí)之間便成為天才。身邊有別人存在，一個(gè)看法便不可避免地變成了雙重看法。我們急于知道周邊人的看法，以及我對(duì)它是怎么看的？”最初的印像消失了，或者變得模糊不清。Chinese-Englishtranslation:

“前二十年，珠三角乘改革開(kāi)放的東風(fēng)，在快速完善各種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)；今后的二十年，珠三角將騰空起飛，帶給世界一個(gè)巨大的驚喜，好戲還在后頭！”長(zhǎng)年滿(mǎn)世界跑的香港朋友麥先生對(duì)我說(shuō)。

11月22日，“空中巨無(wú)霸”A380從法國(guó)圖盧茲經(jīng)12小時(shí)越洋飛行抵達(dá)廣州白云機(jī)場(chǎng)，這駕當(dāng)今世界最大的客機(jī)，足有七層樓高，冀展近80米、可運(yùn)載840位乘客，機(jī)艙內(nèi)設(shè)有健身房、醫(yī)療中心、圖書(shū)館、餐廳及酒吧，讓觀看到它的人們驚嘆不已！珠三角地形就象一駕展翅的巨型飛機(jī)，它的中樞是香港、深圳、東莞、廣州；兩冀：東冀是惠州，西冀是澳門(mén)珠海。由于發(fā)展的不平衡，多年來(lái)一直是中間熱、兩邊冷，即香港、深圳、東莞、廣州成經(jīng)濟(jì)熱帶走廊，而東邊的惠州與西邊的珠海相對(duì)冷火?！扒岸?，珠三角乘改革開(kāi)放的東風(fēng)，在快速完善各種基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)；今后的二十年，珠三角將騰空起飛，帶給世界一個(gè)巨大的驚喜，好戲還在后頭！”長(zhǎng)年滿(mǎn)世界跑的香港朋友麥先生對(duì)我說(shuō)?！癐nthepast20years,alongwiththeReformandOpen-up,thePearlRiverDeltahasbeenperfectingitsinfrastructure.Thenext20yearswillseetheDeltatakingoffandtheworldisinforabigsurprise.You’llsee”,saidMr.Mai,afriendofminefromHongKong,whospendsmostofhistimetravelingaroundtheworld.11月22日，“空中巨無(wú)霸”A380從法國(guó)圖盧茲經(jīng)12小時(shí)越洋飛行抵達(dá)廣州白云機(jī)場(chǎng)，這駕當(dāng)今世界最大的客機(jī)，足有七層樓高，冀展近80米、可運(yùn)載840位乘客，機(jī)艙內(nèi)設(shè)有健身房、醫(yī)療中心、圖書(shū)館、餐廳及酒吧，讓觀看到它的人們驚嘆不已！On22nd,November,after12hoursofflightfromToulouse,France,thegiganticAirBusA380finallylandedonBaiyunAirport,Guangzhou.Thelargestairplaneintheworld,ithastheheightofa7-storybuildingandstretchesouttonearly80meterswide.Withthecargocapacityof840passengersandalltheon-boardfacilitiesfromgyms,clinics,libraries,torestaurantsandbars,thegiantlefteveryonegaspinginamazement.珠三角地形就象一駕展翅的巨型飛機(jī)，它的中樞是香港、深圳、東莞、廣州；兩冀：東冀是惠州，西冀是澳門(mén)珠海。由于發(fā)展的不平衡，多年來(lái)一直是中間熱、兩邊冷，即香港、深圳、東莞、廣州成經(jīng)濟(jì)熱帶走廊，而東邊的惠州與西邊的珠海相對(duì)冷火。GeographicallythePearlRiverDeltaalsoresemblesagiganticairplane,withHongKong,Shenzhen,DongguanandGuangzhouinthemiddle,Huizhoutotheeast,MacauandZhuhaitothewest.However,economicallythetwowingshavebeenrelativelyweakerformanyyears,comparedwiththeprosperityofHongKong,Shenzhen,DongguanandGuangzhou.Exercise3BureaucracyMostironicwastheimageofgovernmentthatwasbornoftheseexperiences.Asanyscholarlytreatiseonthesubjectwilltellyou,thegreatadvantagebureaucracyissupposedtoofferacomplex,modernsocietylikeoursisefficient,rational,uniformandcourteoustreatmentforthecitizensitdealswith.YetnotonlydidthesequalitiesnotcomethroughtothepeopleItalkedwith,itwastheirveryoppositesthatseemedmorecharacteristic.Peopleofallclasses--therichmandealingwiththeIntern