GB/T 22140-2008小型水輪機(jī)現(xiàn)場驗收試驗規(guī)程

犐犆犛２９．１６０．４０

犓５５

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

小型水輪機(jī)現(xiàn)場驗收試驗規(guī)程

犆狅犱犲犳狅狉犳犻犲犾犱犪犮犮犲狆狋犪狀犮犲狋犲狊狋狅犳狊犿犪犾犾犺狔犱狉狅狋狌狉犫犻狀犲狊

（ＩＥＣ６２００６：２００１，

Ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ—Ａｃｃｅｐｔａｎｃｅｔｅｓｔｓｏｆｓｍａｌｌｈｙｄｒｏｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｓ，ＭＯＤ）

２００８０６２７發(fā)布２００８１００１實施

中華人民共和國國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗檢疫總局

發(fā)布

中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會

書

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

目次

前言!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ⅶ

１范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

２規(guī)范性引用文件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

３術(shù)語、定義、符號及單位!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

３．１下標(biāo)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

３．２幾何術(shù)語!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２

３．３主要物理量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３

３．４流量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３

３．５轉(zhuǎn)速!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３

３．６壓力!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４

３．７水頭!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４

３．８功率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５

３．９損失!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５

３．１０效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５

３．１１其他參數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６

３．１２誤差和其他術(shù)語符號!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６

３．１３水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組示意圖!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７

３．１４典型小型水輪機(jī)水頭的定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８

３．１４．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８

３．１４．２上下游均為自由水面的水輪機(jī)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０

３．１４．３上游具有壓力引水管而下游為自由水面的水輪機(jī)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０

３．１４．４上下游均為具有壓力引水管和排水管的水輪機(jī)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０

３．１５瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速上升的定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１

３．１６壓力上升的定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１

４保證的性能和范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２

４．１規(guī)定和要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２

４．１．１合同規(guī)定!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２

４．１．２電站條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３

４．１．３試驗儀器設(shè)備的技術(shù)要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３

４．２主要性能保證!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．２．１最大輸出功率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．２．２水輪機(jī)絕對效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．２．３水輪機(jī)相對效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．３保證的范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．３．１保證的試驗等級（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三級）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．３．２試驗等級的應(yīng)用!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．３．３水溫的比尺效應(yīng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５

４．３．４保證期!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５

Ⅰ

書

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

４．３．５安全故障、試運(yùn)行條件和性能試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５

５試運(yùn)行前的安全驗收試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．１啟動前試驗（無水試驗）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．１．１通則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．１．２流道充水前的檢查（無水試驗）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．１．３流道充水時的檢查（充水試驗）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．２關(guān)閉裝置（無水與充水試驗）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．２．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．２．２進(jìn)水口閘門或閥門!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

５．２．３進(jìn)水主閥!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

５．２．４活動導(dǎo)葉（混流式和軸流轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機(jī)）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

５．２．５針形閥和折向器（水斗式和斜擊式水輪機(jī)）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

５．３試車和控制系統(tǒng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

５．４軸承在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

５．５緊急停機(jī)（空載）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１８

５．６電氣保護(hù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１８

５．７過速試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１８

５．８飛逸試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１８

５．９甩負(fù)荷試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

５．９．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

５．９．２試驗程序!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

５．９．３測量值!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

６試運(yùn)行和可靠性試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．１通則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．２旋轉(zhuǎn)部件的溫度穩(wěn)定性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．２．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．２．２與合同保證值的比較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．３控制系統(tǒng)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．３．１說明!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

６．３．２不帶調(diào)速裝置的機(jī)組運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

６．３．３帶有調(diào)速裝置的機(jī)組運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

６．３．４帶有上游水位控制裝置的機(jī)組運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

６．３．５帶有功率控制裝置的機(jī)組運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

６．３．６帶有電子負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)裝置的機(jī)組運(yùn)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２２

６．４在試驗控制系統(tǒng)時的測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２２

６．５設(shè)置靜壓基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２２

６．６協(xié)聯(lián)關(guān)系試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２２

７性能保證和試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

７．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

７．２在凈水頭下發(fā)電機(jī)的最大輸出功率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

７．２．１測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

７．２．２保證的結(jié)果和范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

７．２．３試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２３

Ⅱ

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

７．３發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率與凈水頭和水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)葉（或噴針）開度的關(guān)系!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２４

７．３．１測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２４

７．３．２保證的結(jié)果和范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．３．３試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．４指數(shù)試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．４．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．４．２定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．４．３保證的應(yīng)用和范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

７．４．４試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

７．５根據(jù)流量測量進(jìn)行的效率試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

７．５．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

７．５．２流量測量的選擇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

７．５．３保證的應(yīng)用和范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

７．５．４試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

７．６根據(jù)熱力學(xué)法進(jìn)行的效率試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

７．６．１原理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

７．６．２測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

７．６．３適用條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

７．６．４試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

８計算、評估和誤差分析!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

８．１計算和評估!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

８．１．１通則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

８．１．２原型水輪機(jī)在現(xiàn)場條件下的物理、幾何和靜壓值（常數(shù)）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２７

８．１．３測量值（變量）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

８．１．４發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率（犘ｇｅｎ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

８．１．５水輪機(jī)輸出功率（犘ｔ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

８．１．６絕對流量（犙）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２９

８．１．７相對流量（指數(shù)試驗）（犙ｉｘ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２９

８．１．８毛水頭、靜水頭和凈水頭（犎０／犎ｓｔａｔ／犎）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．１．９水輪機(jī)絕對效率（ηｔ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．１．１０水輪機(jī)相對效率（ηｔ，ｉｘ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．１．１１水電站裝置效率（ηｐｌａｎｔ）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．２誤差分析!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．２．１導(dǎo)言!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．２．２系統(tǒng)誤差評估!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

８．２．３隨機(jī)誤差評估!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３２

８．２．４性能測量的不確定度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３４

９試驗結(jié)果與保證值的比較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３５

９．１水輪機(jī)特性的偏移!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３５

９．２輸出功率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３６

９．３效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３６

９．３．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３６

９．３．２指數(shù)試驗的相對效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３７

Ⅲ

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

９．３．３根據(jù)流量測量或熱力學(xué)法得到的絕對效率!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０其他保證!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０．１空蝕和磨損的檢查!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０．１．１空蝕保證!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０．１．２空蝕測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０．１．３空蝕檢查結(jié)果與規(guī)定的保證值比較!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

１０．１．４磨損!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３９

１０．１．５磨損檢查!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３９

１０．１．６磨損的評定!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４０

１０．２水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組噪聲試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４０

１０．２．１測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４０

１０．２．２驗收準(zhǔn)則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４１

１０．３水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組振動試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４１

１０．３．１一般要求!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４１

１０．３．２固定支持部件的振動!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４２

１０．３．３軸的相對振動!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

１１試驗的組織!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

１１．１試驗步驟!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

１１．２現(xiàn)場試驗的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４４

１１．３試驗結(jié)果的評估!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４４

１１．４試驗報告!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４４

１２數(shù)據(jù)采集!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４５

１２．１數(shù)據(jù)采樣!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４５

１２．２模擬與數(shù)字（Ａ／Ｄ）的轉(zhuǎn)換!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４５

１２．３人工讀數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４５

附錄Ａ（資料性附錄）物理數(shù)據(jù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

Ａ．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

Ａ．２重力加速度與緯度和海拔高程的關(guān)系!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

Ａ．３水的密度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

Ａ．４空氣的密度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４９

Ａ．５水銀的密度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４９

附錄Ｂ（規(guī)范性附錄）水頭定義的標(biāo)示!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５０

附錄Ｃ（規(guī)范性附錄）轉(zhuǎn)速和水頭測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．１轉(zhuǎn)速測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．１．１功率直接測量時轉(zhuǎn)速的測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．１．２間接測量功率時轉(zhuǎn)速的測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２水頭測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２．２壓力測量斷面的選擇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２．３上游測量斷面!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２．４下游測量斷面!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．２．５測壓孔布置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

Ｃ．３壓力測量儀器!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５７

Ⅳ

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

Ｃ．３．１原級測量儀器!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５７

Ｃ．３．２壓力傳感器!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５７

Ｃ．３．３重力壓力計!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５７

Ｃ．３．４彈簧壓力計!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５８

Ｃ．３．５液柱壓力計!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５８

Ｃ．４水位測量儀器!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５８

附錄Ｄ（規(guī)范性附錄）輸出功率測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５９

Ｄ．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５９

Ｄ．１．１發(fā)電機(jī)最大輸出功率（見７．２）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５９

Ｄ．１．２發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率與水輪機(jī)導(dǎo)葉開度之間的關(guān)系!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．１．３指數(shù)試驗（見７．４）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．１．４效率試驗!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．２同步發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率測量的間接法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．２．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．２．２發(fā)電機(jī)損耗的測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

Ｄ．２．３在發(fā)電機(jī)出線端測量的有功功率應(yīng)保持一致!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６１

Ｄ．３異步發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率測量的間接法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６２

Ｄ．４輸出功率測量的直接法（水輪機(jī)軸力矩）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６３

Ｄ．５發(fā)電機(jī)損失!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６３

附錄Ｅ（規(guī)范性附錄）流量測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．１．１選擇測量方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．１．２水流的穩(wěn)定性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．１．３泄漏、滲透和分流!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．２流速儀測量法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．２．１流速儀!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．２．１．１使用條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

Ｅ．２．１．２流速儀型式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

Ｅ．２．１．３流速儀安裝!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

Ｅ．２．１．４流速儀率定!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

Ｅ．２．１．５測量采樣時間!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

Ｅ．２．１．６流速分布!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

Ｅ．２．２明渠的流量測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．２．１測量斷面的選擇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．２．２測點數(shù)目!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．２．３測點布置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．２．４水流穩(wěn)定———水位檢測!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．３圓形封閉管道的流量測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．３．１測量斷面的選擇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．３．２測點數(shù)目!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

Ｅ．２．３．３測點布置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６８

Ｅ．２．４流量計算!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６８

Ｅ．３壓力時間法（Ｇｉｂｓｏｎ法）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６９

Ⅴ

犌犅／犜２２１４０—２００８

Ｅ．３．１方法原理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６９

Ｅ．３．２使用條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６９

Ｅ．３．３方法的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７０

Ｅ．４堰測法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７０

Ｅ．４．１測量原理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７０

Ｅ．４．２測量裝置!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７０

Ｅ．４．３安裝條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７１

Ｅ．４．４溢流層高度測量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７１

Ｅ．４．５流量計算公式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．５畢托管法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．５．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．５．２標(biāo)準(zhǔn)靜壓畢托管!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．５．３非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)畢托管!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．６容積法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７２

Ｅ．７聲學(xué)法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７３

Ｅ．７．１方法原理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７３

Ｅ．７．２使用條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７３

Ｅ．７．３圓管中聲學(xué)法的實施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７４

Ｅ．７．４小型水輪機(jī)的聲學(xué)測流法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７５

Ｅ．８電磁流量計!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

Ｅ．８．１概述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

Ｅ．８．２原理與基本公式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

Ｅ．８．３使用條件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

附錄Ｆ（規(guī)范性附錄）效率試驗