2020年高考英語(yǔ)八大語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)專題02 動(dòng)名詞 練習(xí)

第第頁(yè)共12頁(yè)DanielLazall.“IalwaystellthemwhenI'mgoingoutclubbing.(25)theyknowwhatI'mdoing,they'refinewithit.”SusanCrome,whoisnow21,agrees.“Lookingbackonthelast10years,therewasalotof(26)oucouldcallnegotiation.Forexample,ifI(27)(do)allmyhomework」couldgooutonaSaturdaynight.ButIthinkmygrandparentswerealotstricterwithmyparentsthanthat.”Maybethispositiveviewoffamilylifeshouldnotbeunexpected.Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagerebellionisnotrootedinrealfacts.Aresearchercomments,“Oursurprise(28)teenagerssaytheygetalongwellwiththeirparentscomesbecauseofabriefperiodinoursocialhistory(29)teenagerswereregardedasdifferentbeings.Butthatideaofrebellingandbreakingawayfromtheirparentsmainlyhappenedduringthatonetimeinthe1960swheneveryonerebelled.Thenormalsituationthroughouthistoryhasbeenasmoothchangefromhelpingoutwiththefamilybusinessto(30)(take)itover.”三、選詞填空criticismB.discourageC.shiftsD.instituteE.industriousnessF.establishG.creditH.standardsI.accommodateJ.leavesK.demonstrateAlthoughHenryFord'snameiscloselyassociatedwiththeconceptofmassproduction,heshouldreceiveequal31forintroducinglaborpracticesasearlyas1913thatwouldbeconsideredadvancedevenbytoday's32.Safetymeasureswereimproved,andtheworkdaywasreducedtoeighthours,comparedwiththetenortwelve-hourdaycommonatthetime.Inorderto33totheshorterworkday,theentirefactorywasconvertedfromtwotothree34.Inaddition,sick35aswellasimprovedmedicalcareforthoseinjuredonthejobwereinstituted.TheFordMotorCompanywasoneofthefirstfactoriestodevelopatechnicalschooltotrainspecializedskilledlaborersandanEnglishlanguageschoolforimmigrants.Someeffortswereevenmadetohirethehandicappedandprovidejobsforformerconvicts.Themostwidelyacclaimedinnovationwasthefive-dollar-a-dayminimumwagethatwasofferedinordertorecruitandretainthebestmechanicsandto36thegrowthoflaborunions.Fordexplainedthenewwagepolicyintermsofefficiencyandprofitsharing.Healsomentionedthefactthathisemployeeswouldbeabletopurchasetheautomobilesthattheyproduced一infactcreatingamarketfortheproduct.Inordertoqualifyfortheminimumwage,anemployeehadtoestablishadecenthomeand37goodpersonalhabits,includingsobriety（沉靜；嚴(yán)肅）,thrftiness（節(jié)儉）,38,anddependability（可信任，可靠性）.Althoughsome39wasdirectedatFordforinvolvinghimselftoomuchinthepersonallivesofhisemployees,therecanbenodoubtthat,atatimewhenimmigrantswerebeingtakenadvantageofinfrightfulways,HenryFordwashelpingmanypeopleto40themselvesinAmerica.參考答案telling2.losing3.lendingannoyingBeingchosenbeingexposedhistakingBeingexposedgettinghavingbeenpromoted□.controllingBeingelectedspendingbeingisolated15.losingnothavingdone□.FinishingworkingacceptingspendinglockedhowmoretotreatAslongaswhathaddonethatwhentaking31—35GHICJ36—40BKEAF三、閱讀理解Plastichasbecomeperhapsthemostdemonisedmaterialofthelast12months,asthescaleofpollutionintheoceansbecomesincreasinglyapparent.Withdirepredictionsthat訐nothingisdonetherewillbemoreplasticintheseasbyweightthanfishby2050,ithasbecomeevidentthatwecannotrecycleourwayoutoftheplasticproblem.Morethan8mtonnesofplasticendupinouroceanseachyear.Meanwhilevirginplasticproductioncontinuesapaceandissettotoleapby40%overthenext10yearsasmoreproductsaremadefromvirginplasticthanfromrecycled.Butconsumerpressurecanforcechange.TheGuardianrevealedthisyearthatsupermarketsaloneput1mtonnesofplasticpackagingontothemarket.Buttheyareincreasinglyawarethat訐theircustomerslosefaiththeywilllosemoney.Almostaquarterofconsumerssurveyedearlierthisyearsaidtheywereextremelyconcernedaboutplasticpackaging.Morethanhalfsaidtheyweredoingwhattheycouldtoreducetheiruseofplastic.InAustralia,publicpressureledmanysupermarketsthisyeartoannouncetheywerephasingoutsingle-useplasticbags.TheseincludeColes,WooliesandHarrisFarm.Justproducingplasticuseshugeresources—ittakesaround12mbarrelsofoiltomakethe100bnplasticbagsusedannuallyintheUnitedStatesalone.ThisyearBritain'sIcelandsupermarkethasledtheway—andothersarebeginningtofollowsuit.Icelandhaspledgedtoeliminateplasticpackagingonitsowngoodsinfiveyears.Sowhatcanyoudotoreduceyourownplasticfootprintandputpressureonsupermarketsandmanufacturerstomovetowardsreuseableplasticitemsandhugelyincreasetheamountofrecycledplasticintheirproducts?Hereare10toptips:Startathome.Doaplasticauditofyourhousehold.Showerbottles,deodorants,washingupliquids,shampoobottles.Aimtomakereductionsherebyditchingshowergelforsoapandtheplasticcottonbudsforrecyclableones;buyliquiddetergentinrecycledplasticbottlesandfindarefillstationtofillthemup.Shampoobarsandtoiletpaperinrecycledpackagingarealsoavailable.IntheUS,1bnplastictoothbrushesarethrownouteachyear,creatingsome50mpoundsofwaste.Tryusingbambootoothbrushesinsteadwhichonlytakeaboutsixmonthstobiodegradebackintothesoilwhenyouhavetoreplaceyourbrush.Carryreuseablefabricshoppingbags.Trybuyingwholesaleandputtingdriedproductssuchasrice,pastaandlentilsintoglassjarstoavoidbuyingproductswrappedinplastic.Recycleoldplasticchildren'stoys.Searchforatoylibraryinyourareatoborrowfromordonateto.Andconsidercharityshopswhenlookingforgifts.Carryareuseablecoffeecuporflask;7mplastic-linedcoffeecupsarethrownawayintheUKeveryday.Saynotoplasticcutlery.Carryaforkwithyouoruseacompostablealternative.Ditchclingfilmwrapforyourfood.ItcannotberecycledinmostUKcollections.Foilisrecyclable,sousefoilinsteadorreuseableplasticboxes.Useanelectricrazorinsteadofplasticdisposableone.Writetocompanieswhosepackagingisnon-recyclable,askingthemtoconsiderusinglessdestructivematerials.Maybeeventhinkaboutstartingasocialmediacampaigntoraiseawareness.Strengthinnumbers!?Thisarticlewasamendedon3January2019.Anearlierversionsuggestedthat12moilbarrelsproduced100mplasticbags.Thatfigureismorelike100bnbags.Inaddition,theestimateof1bnplastictoothbrushesbeingthrownouteachyearrelatesjusttotheUS,notglobally.Thishasbeencorrected.Itwasfurtheramendedon4January2019toremoveareferencetoabrandedproduct.Questions:Accordingtothisarticle,whatimpactplastichashadontheenvironmentinthepastmonths?Thescaleofpollutionintheoceansbecomesincreasinglyapparent.Thespeciesoffishhavebeenreducedalot.Pollutedtheair.Raisingsealevel.Whatcansupermarketsdotoreduceplasticpollution?Donotsellplasticproducts.Noplasticpackagedgoods.Phasingoutdisposableplasticbags.Non-reusableplasticproducts.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?Plasticscannotberecycled.Virginplasticsareincreasinglylowinourdailylives.Consumerswanttoreducetheuseofplastics.Ittakesalotofresourcestoproduceplastics.Accordingtothisarticle,whichofthefollowingmethodscannotreducetheuseofplastics?Replaceplastictoothbrushwithbambootoothbrush.Packaginggoodswithglasscansinsteadofplasticpackaging.Donotuseplastictableware.Massiveuseofpreservativefilm.Wherecanweseethepassage?InNovelInFashionmagazineInEnvironmentalmagazineInAdvertisement文章導(dǎo)讀：本文選擇《衛(wèi)報(bào)》上關(guān)于人與自然環(huán)境之間的垃圾問(wèn)題，網(wǎng)址為/environment/2019/jan/03/plastics-consumption-reduce-2019-10-easy-ways文章大意：本文主要講了，塑料污染的嚴(yán)峻現(xiàn)實(shí)，以及隨著塑料污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，人們開始意識(shí)到要減少塑料的使用量。在各大超市縮小塑料包裝袋的使用和一次性購(gòu)物袋的使用量，以及如何減少塑料使用的10條建議。詞匯點(diǎn)撥：reducevt.換算；使變?nèi)?；vi.減少；減輕體重；apparentadj.易看見的，可看見的；貌似的，表面的；recycledv.回收利用（recycle的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；再利用；forcen.力；武力；（社會(huì)）勢(shì)力；魄力；vt.強(qiáng)迫；強(qiáng)行；促使，推動(dòng)；publicadj.公共的；人人知道的，知名的；n.大眾；社會(huì)；公共場(chǎng)所；（文學(xué)家等的）愛讀者；descendvt.下來(lái)；向下傾斜；遺傳下來(lái)；來(lái)自，來(lái)源于；vi.（from）起源（于）；是…的后裔；（on）襲擊；（to）把身份降至；ordinaryadj.普通的，平常的，正常的；平庸的，平淡的;n.普通，平常的人（或事）；regularadj.有規(guī)律的；規(guī)則，整齊的；n.?？?；adv.定期地；經(jīng)常地；短語(yǔ)精選：clingfilm食品薄膜switchto切換到，轉(zhuǎn)到，轉(zhuǎn)變成；轉(zhuǎn)入byweight按重量計(jì)算wayout出路;擺脫困境的辦法，出口，太平門；活路;生路morethan超過(guò)；不只是；很；在…次以上endupin＜非正＞以…結(jié)束;死setto打起來(lái)；大吃起來(lái)；＜非正＞開始努力干；把臉轉(zhuǎn)向…madefrom由…做成；由…制造thisyear今年;本年度參考答案及解析：A【解析】根據(jù)文中Plastichasbecomeperhapsthemostdemonisedmaterialofthelast12months,asthescaleofpollutionintheoceansbecomesincreasinglyapparent在過(guò)去的12個(gè)月中，隨著海洋污染的規(guī)模越來(lái)越明顯，塑料可能已經(jīng)成為最受妖魔化的材料。故選AC【解析】根據(jù)文中InAustralia,publicpressureledmanysupermarketsthisyeartoannouncetheywerephasingoutsingle-useplasticbags在澳大利亞，公眾的壓力促使許多大賣場(chǎng)今年宣布，他們正在逐步淘汰一次性塑料袋。故選CA【解析】根據(jù)文中以及生活常識(shí)，Plasticscanberecycled。塑料是可以循環(huán)使用的。故選AD【解析】根據(jù)文中Tryusingbambootoothbrushesinsteadwhichonlytakeaboutsixmonthstobiodegradebackintothesoilwhenyouhavetoreplaceyourbrush.試著用竹子牙刷代替，這種牙刷只需大約六個(gè)月的時(shí)間就能被生物降解成當(dāng)你不得不更換你的刷子。以及Trybuyingwholesaleandputtingdriedproductssuchasrice,pastaandlentilsintoglassjarstoavoidbuyingproductswrappedinplastic試著批發(fā)購(gòu)買，并將大米、意大利面和扁豆等干制品放入玻璃瓶，以避免購(gòu)買用塑料包裝的產(chǎn)品。.以及Saynotoplasticcutlery.對(duì)塑料餐具說(shuō)不。故選DC【解析】根據(jù)文中10easywaystoreduceyourplasticsusein20192019年減少塑料使用量的10個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單方法。可知這是一篇關(guān)于環(huán)保的文章故選C譯文：丟棄保鮮膜，改用肥皂：2019年減少塑料使用的10種簡(jiǎn)單方法在過(guò)去的12個(gè)月中，隨著海洋污染的規(guī)模越來(lái)越明顯，塑料可能已經(jīng)成為最受妖魔化的材料。隨著可怕的預(yù)測(cè)，如果不采取任何措施，到2050年，海洋中的塑料（按重量計(jì)）將比魚類多，很明顯，我們用無(wú)法循環(huán)利用的方式來(lái)解決塑料問(wèn)題。每年超過(guò)800萬(wàn)噸的塑料最終流入我們的海洋。與此同時(shí)，維珍塑料的生產(chǎn)仍在快速增長(zhǎng)，并且在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)將躍升40%，因?yàn)楦嗟漠a(chǎn)品是由維珍塑料制成的，而不是由回收材料制成的。但是消費(fèi)