【廣東創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great scientists 必修5

必修5

Unit1Greatscientists

漫畫欣賞畫面描述Thereisawoodenbarrelconstructedwithanumberofboardsofdifferentlengths.Somewaterisleakingoutfromtheedgeoftheshortestboard.寓意理解

Inteamwork，itisalwaystheleastcapablememberwhoholdsbackthewholeprogressoftheteam.Soonlybyworkingtogetherandalsohelpingtheshortest“board”canateamperformbetter.你能否對(duì)此加以擴(kuò)展，寫一篇120詞左右的小短文？短文填空根據(jù)課文JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”完成下列短文。JohnSnow，awell-knowndoctorinLondon，became_______(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho___________(expose)tocholera，a______(die)diseaseofitsday.Manythousandsofpeopledied____timetherewasanoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofit.Johnwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hegotinterestedintwotheories_________(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheory____suggestedthatpeople________(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854，inspiredwereexposeddeadlyeveryexplainingthatabsorbedwhenanother________hitLondon，hewasreadytotestthetwotheories.____thehelpofthemaphemade，hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas________(blame)．

outbreakWithtoblameⅠ.單詞拼寫

1．Afterethepatient，thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveagoodrest.2．Don’t______(暴露)yourskintodirectsunlight.3．Movingtothecountrycheroftheillness.4．Wekeptonpwateroutoftheshiptopreventitfromsinking.5．Onhearingthenews，hewentbackhome___________(立即)．

xamininguredexposeumpingimmediately6．ThenewswasatothepubliconTV.7．Asayoungman，hewasswithhimselfineverything，whichledtohislatersuccess.8．Don’tbetooupset.Trytohavea________(積極的)attitudetoeverything.9．Be________(小心的)whiledrivingastheroadisfrozen.10．Sadlyourteamwasdbytheirsby10points.nnouncedtrictpositivecautiousefeatedⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空1．Ablackcarcutinaheadofme，forcingmeto_________.2．Withoutplentyofwater，youwilleasily_____thirstinthedesert.3．Thisessayisquitegood__________acoupleofspellingmistakes.4．Thereisnodoubtthatstresscan______physicalillness.

slowdowndieofapartfromleadto5．Idon’tthinkit___________tofocusonlyonprovidingbasicservices.6．Iwrotealetterofcomplaint，andtheairlinehaspromisedto________thematter.7．Andrewcanbeverybad-tempered_______eventhoughheisfriendlyingeneral.8．Anewapproachtoteachinglanguageswas___________atthemeetinglastweek.9．Thesecolorswillnotlastifthey____________thesun.10．Scientistsnow___certaintypesofcancer__theamountofjunkfoodthatpeopleeat.makessenselookintoattimesputforwardareexposedtolinktoⅢ.完成句子1．_________________________(隨著疾病的快速傳播)，JohnSnowbegantogathertheinformation.2．__________(此外)，hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondon.(addition)3．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied_____________________________(每次爆發(fā)時(shí))．(time)

AsthediseasespreadquicklyInadditioneverytimetherewasanoutbreakⅣ.模仿造句1．Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.[翻譯]我不知道該怪誰(shuí)。A____________________________________________2．Awomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe

haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[翻譯]我剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。__________________________________________3．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheother

planetsintheskymakesense.[翻譯]我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。___________________________________________________Wedon’tknowwhoistoblame.Ihadthemachinemendedjustnow.OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.4．TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandtheearthmust

bethecentreofthesolarsystem.[翻譯]那不是解決問題的唯一辦法，肯定有另外的辦法。___________________________________________________________________5．Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwith

theplanetsgoingroundit.[翻譯]在亞洲的某些地方，你坐著時(shí)你的腳不能朝向別人。_________________________________________________________________Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Theremustbeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.核心詞匯梳理1．a(chǎn)ttendvt.

到場(chǎng)；出席；參加；看護(hù)；照顧

搭配attend(on/upon)sb.看護(hù)；照顧attendto處理；傾聽；專心于；照料；接待

(1)只有他姐姐照顧他。Therewasnooneto______________buthissister.(2)我有一些急事要處理。Ihavesomeurgentbusinessto_________.attend(on)himattendto識(shí)記attendschool去上學(xué)attendchurch去做禮拜attendameeting參加會(huì)議attendone’sclass聽課(3)溫家寶總理參加了2009年的哥本哈根氣候峰會(huì)。PremierWenJiabao________CopenhagenClimateSummitin2009.attended2．concludevt.&vi.

結(jié)束；推斷出；決定

搭配concludesth.fromsth.從……得出

拓展cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion總之，最后(＝finally)說出下列句子中劃線部分的意思。(1)Whatcanyouconclude_fromthesefacts?(2)Sheconcludedhertalkwithafunnystory.(3)Weconcludedtogoout/thatwewouldgoout.(4)Whenheranawayfromme，Iconcludedhewasafraid.

答案：(1)從……中得出結(jié)論(2)以……結(jié)束(3)決定(4)斷定3.defeatvt.

打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫

n．失敗

辨析defeat，beat&windefeat與beat同義，表示“擊敗對(duì)方”，賓語(yǔ)為參賽者或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，如sb.或ateam；而win則表示“贏得比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或某些獎(jiǎng)賞或榮譽(yù)”，賓語(yǔ)為game,match，prize等，不能接人。

用defeat，beat或win填空。(1)Class4____________Class12inthefootballmatchyesterday.(2)TheU．S.A.____theIraqWarbutlostthenationalpopularity(國(guó)家聲望)．defeated/beatwon4．exposevt.

使暴露于；使接觸到；揭發(fā)；使膠片曝光Don’texposethefilmtolight.不要把膠卷曝光。Theteacherstrytoexposestudentstogoodartandmusic.老師盡力使學(xué)生接觸美好的藝術(shù)和音樂。

搭配beexposedto＝exposeoneselfto暴露于……之下

提示expose還可意為“揭露”

完成句子(1)Theyconsideritalmostacrimeto_______(使接觸到)childrentoviolenceandsexonTV.(2)___________________________________(暴露在陽(yáng)光下很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)willdoharmtoyourskin.exposeBeingexposedtothesunforalongtime5.curevt.&n.治療；治愈Ihopethedoctorcancurethepaininmyshoulder.我希望醫(yī)生能治好我肩上的疼痛。

搭配cure...of...恢復(fù)健康；去除……Shetriedeverymeanstocureherchildofthebadhabit.她想盡一切辦法試圖改掉她孩子的這個(gè)惡習(xí)。

辨析treat強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過程，不強(qiáng)調(diào)后果。

cure強(qiáng)調(diào)后果，有“治愈”之意。用treat/cure填空(1)Whichdoctorisgoingto____himforhisillness?(2)Thisnewmedicinesoon_____mycold.(3)WhenIlefthospital____________________(我完全痊愈了)．(4)Thisjob________________________(將會(huì)治好他的懶病)．

treatcuredIwascompletelycuredwillcurehimofhislaziness6．suspectvt.

懷疑；猜疑

句型suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人做了某事suspectsb.tobe...疑心某人是……suspectthat...疑心……(1)我疑心他是個(gè)賊。Isuspecthim___________.(2)我開始覺察出，他們?cè)噲D擺脫掉我。Ibeganto___________theyweretryingtogetridofme.(3)皮爾徹被懷疑是間諜。Pilcherwas________________aspy.(4)人們懷疑這種藥物造成200多人死亡。Thedrugissuspectedof____________________.tobeathiefsuspectthatsuspectedofbeingcausingover200deaths7．blamevt.

責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎于

n．責(zé)怪；(過錯(cuò)、失敗等)責(zé)任

搭配betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備beartheblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任taketheblame負(fù)過失的責(zé)任blamesb.forsth.因某事責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把……怪到……頭上；把某事的責(zé)任歸咎于某人(1)她沒把她父親的死歸罪于任何人。Shedoesn’t_____anyone___herfather’sdeath.(2)出了事不能怪你。You______________forwhathappened.(3)我們?cè)敢鉃樗l(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Wewerereadyto_____________forwhathadhappened.blameforarenottoblametaketheblame8.pollutevt.

污染；弄臟

派生pollutedadj.受污染的pollutern．污染者，常指發(fā)出污染的地方，如工廠pollutionn．污染用pollute的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Wecan’tdrinkthe________water.(2)Nowadays，somethingmustbedonetoreduceair________.(3)The_______thathas________theriverisachemicalfactory.pollutedpollutionpolluterpolluted9．handlen.

柄；把手

vt.處理；管理；操縱；觸摸

理解說出下列句子中handle的意思。(1)Youcan’tusethehammerbecauseitshandleisloose.(2)MissGaoWeipingcanhandleherclasswell.(3)Mr.Lincanhandlecomplexmachine.

答案：(1)柄(2)管理(3)操縱10.linkvt.&vi.

連接；聯(lián)系

搭配link...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來linkup連接；會(huì)合根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成英語(yǔ)句子。(1)我們學(xué)校與一些重點(diǎn)中學(xué)有密切聯(lián)系。Ourschool_________________anumberofkeymiddleschools.(2)這淺淺的海峽把大陸和臺(tái)灣聯(lián)系起來。Theshallowstrait___________________________.(3)我們將在北京與史密斯一家會(huì)合。Wewill____________________inBeijing.

hascloselinkswithlinksthemainlandtoTaiwanlinkupwiththeSmiths11.announcev.

宣布；通告

搭配announcesth.tosb.向某人通報(bào)/宣布某事announcetosb.that...向某人通報(bào)/宣布某事

派生announcementn．宣布，宣告，通告根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成英語(yǔ)句子。(1)我要向世人宣告我的目標(biāo)(goal)。Iwillannounce___________________.(2)我有件重要事情要宣布。I’vegotanimportant_____________________.mygoaltotheworldannouncementtomake12.contributev.

捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿；有助于Idon’tthinkit’sdifficultforeveryonetocontribute.我想人人都出一份力是不難的。Manycountriescontributedfoodandclothestorefugees.許多國(guó)家都向難民們提供了食品和衣物。

搭配contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)/捐獻(xiàn)/提供給……；把……投給……contributeto有助于……；導(dǎo)致

(1)那位作家親自捐贈(zèng)了5000英鎊給地震基金。Thewriterpersonally__________￡5,000__theEarthquakeFund.(2)我投了幾首詩(shī)給一本文學(xué)雜志。I__________severalpoems__aliterarymagazine.(3)此書對(duì)我們了解這門學(xué)科無所助益。Thisbook________________ourunderstandingofthesubject.contributedtocontributedtocontributeslittleto派生contributionn.makeacontributionto為……做出貢獻(xiàn)13.absorbv.

吸取(光，液體等)；全神貫注

Cottonglovesabsorbsweat.棉手套吸汗。Theoldmanwasabsorbedinthebook.老人全神貫注地讀著書。

搭配o...吸收入……之內(nèi)……beabsorbedin＝putone’sheartinto集中注意力于……，全神貫注于……。同義詞還有belostin，devote...to，fixone’sattentionon，focus...on，concentrate...on等。absorb＋n.吸收……；理解(知識(shí)等)，如：absorbknowledge吸收知識(shí)。完成句子(1)Aspirin________________(很快吸收)by/intothebody.(2)Thesurroundingvillages_________________(已被并入)by/intothegrowingcities.(3)WhenIcamein，IfoundRosesittingatherdesk，___________________(埋頭讀書)．(4)Thecompanyhasgradually________________________(逐步地吞并了那些小一點(diǎn)的公司)．(5)Ineverknowthereisanynovelthatwillbesointeresting_______________(以致吸引住他)．isquicklyabsorbedhavebeenabsorbedabsorbedinherbookabsorbedthosesmalleronesastoabsorbhim重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)例釋1．putforward提出；建議；推薦Hehadnodesiretoputforwardhisplan.他不想提出他的計(jì)劃。

聯(lián)想putup舉起putaside放在一邊；存儲(chǔ)puton穿上；上演；假裝，偽稱putatease使安心，使不拘束putout熄滅putupwith容忍，忍受putoff推遲putaway存放，存蓄，打消(想法)putdown放下，鎮(zhèn)壓用put短語(yǔ)填空(1)Mymothersimply___________her.(2)We______forthenightattheGrandHotel.(3)He_______thelightandwentout.(4)Maryisn’treallysick；sheisonly_________.(5)Ihadto_______theappointmentwithmygirl-friendduetotheaccident.putupwithputupputoutputtingonputoff2．a(chǎn)partfrom除了……；除了……(還有)Apartfromsomespellingmistakes，thecompositionisfairlygood.除了有些語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤外，這篇作文還很不錯(cuò)。

提示apartfrom后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，其同義詞為besides，except或exceptfor。

拓展besides除……之外(還有，包括在內(nèi))except除了……之外(不包括在內(nèi))exceptfor除……之外，只是exceptthat(what/when/where...)除了……inadditionto...除了……；除了……(還有)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空(1)Suchadictionarywouldbeausefuladdition___mycollection.(2)__additiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers，thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.(3)Tomplaysfootball__wellas，ifnotbetterthan，Peter.toInas3．leadto通向；導(dǎo)致；招致Thisbridgeleadstotheisland.這座橋通往那個(gè)島。Smokingcigarettesleadstolungcancer.吸煙會(huì)引起肺癌。

提示此短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞，后面可接動(dòng)名詞。熬夜太晚導(dǎo)致他來晚了。Stayinguptoolateledto____________.

鏈接bringabout導(dǎo)致；引起bringon導(dǎo)致resultin引起；導(dǎo)致hisbeinglate疑難語(yǔ)句細(xì)解1.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogathertheinformation.隨著霍亂在貧民區(qū)的迅速蔓延，他開始收集這方面的資料。

點(diǎn)撥as作連詞時(shí)，有“隨著”之意，表示發(fā)展變化狀況。

Asthesunsinkslower，shadowsspreadacrossthecourtyard.隨著太陽(yáng)漸漸落下，影子也擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)院落。(1)隨著時(shí)間的流逝，愛因斯坦的理論被證明是正確的。______________，Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.(2)隨著人的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育，兩個(gè)腦半球就變得不同。_______________，bothsidesofhisbrainbecomedifferent.AstimewentonAsonegrowsold拓展介詞with也可譯為“隨著”，但后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。(3)隨著這一天的過去，天氣也愈來愈糟。____________________，theweathergotworse.(4)隨著冬天的接近，天氣變得更冷了。_________________________，theweathercamecolder.WiththedaygoingonWiththeapproachofwinter2．Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。

點(diǎn)撥only后接if/when從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞then等并且置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。

Onlyifthecaseisurgentshouldyoucalloutthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.只有患者情況緊急時(shí)，你才可以在半夜叫醫(yī)生看病。OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.我只有找到工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。

拓展onlyif只有onlyif可視為if的加強(qiáng)說法，即其中的only是修飾if從句的，其意為“只有在……條件下”。如：I’lltellyou，butonlyifyoudon’ttellanyoneelse.我可以告訴你，但條件是你不能告訴其他任何人。(1)只有通過這種方式你才能解決問題。_______________________________________(2)只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。_______________________________(3)你必須把賬單送到我住的地方，我才愿意償付。I’llacceptthebill______yousendittomyhomeaddress.(4)我告訴他，只有努力才能成功。Itoldhimhewouldsucceed__________________.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.onlyifonlyifhetriedhard寫作句式日積月累表示原因(1)Therearethreereasonsforthis...(2)Thereasonsforthiscanbelistedasfollows.(3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.(4)Thereasonforthisisthat...(5)Wehavegoodreasonstobelievethat...(6)Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.以下短語(yǔ)也常用來表示原因，你能用它們分別造一個(gè)表示原因的句子嗎？(7)accountfor______________________________________(8)contributeto__________________________________(9)resultfrom_____________________________________(10)resultin_________________________________________(11)liein_______________________________________(12)leadto_______________