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必修5
Unit1Greatscientists
漫畫欣賞畫面描述Thereisawoodenbarrelconstructedwithanumberofboardsofdifferentlengths.Somewaterisleakingoutfromtheedgeoftheshortestboard.寓意理解
Inteamwork,itisalwaystheleastcapablememberwhoholdsbackthewholeprogressoftheteam.Soonlybyworkingtogetherandalsohelpingtheshortest“board”canateamperformbetter.你能否對(duì)此加以擴(kuò)展,寫一篇120詞左右的小短文?短文填空根據(jù)課文JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”完成下列短文。JohnSnow,awell-knowndoctorinLondon,became_______(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho___________(expose)tocholera,a______(die)diseaseofitsday.Manythousandsofpeopledied____timetherewasanoutbreakbecausenooneknewthecauseofit.Johnwantedtohelpsolvetheproblem.Hegotinterestedintwotheories_________(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheory____suggestedthatpeople________(absorb)thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854,inspiredwereexposeddeadlyeveryexplainingthatabsorbedwhenanother________hitLondon,hewasreadytotestthetwotheories.____thehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas________(blame).
outbreakWithtoblameⅠ.單詞拼寫
1.Afterethepatient,thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveagoodrest.2.Don’t______(暴露)yourskintodirectsunlight.3.Movingtothecountrycheroftheillness.4.Wekeptonpwateroutoftheshiptopreventitfromsinking.5.Onhearingthenews,hewentbackhome___________(立即).
xamininguredexposeumpingimmediately6.ThenewswasatothepubliconTV.7.Asayoungman,hewasswithhimselfineverything,whichledtohislatersuccess.8.Don’tbetooupset.Trytohavea________(積極的)attitudetoeverything.9.Be________(小心的)whiledrivingastheroadisfrozen.10.Sadlyourteamwasdbytheirsby10points.nnouncedtrictpositivecautiousefeatedⅡ.短語(yǔ)填空1.Ablackcarcutinaheadofme,forcingmeto_________.2.Withoutplentyofwater,youwilleasily_____thirstinthedesert.3.Thisessayisquitegood__________acoupleofspellingmistakes.4.Thereisnodoubtthatstresscan______physicalillness.
slowdowndieofapartfromleadto5.Idon’tthinkit___________tofocusonlyonprovidingbasicservices.6.Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andtheairlinehaspromisedto________thematter.7.Andrewcanbeverybad-tempered_______eventhoughheisfriendlyingeneral.8.Anewapproachtoteachinglanguageswas___________atthemeetinglastweek.9.Thesecolorswillnotlastifthey____________thesun.10.Scientistsnow___certaintypesofcancer__theamountofjunkfoodthatpeopleeat.makessenselookintoattimesputforwardareexposedtolinktoⅢ.完成句子1._________________________(隨著疾病的快速傳播),JohnSnowbegantogathertheinformation.2.__________(此外),hefoundtwootherdeathsinanotherpartofLondon.(addition)3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied_____________________________(每次爆發(fā)時(shí)).(time)
AsthediseasespreadquicklyInadditioneverytimetherewasanoutbreakⅣ.模仿造句1.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.[翻譯]我不知道該怪誰(shuí)。A____________________________________________2.Awomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshe
haditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[翻譯]我剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。__________________________________________3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheother
planetsintheskymakesense.[翻譯]我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。___________________________________________________Wedon’tknowwhoistoblame.Ihadthemachinemendedjustnow.OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.4.TheybelievedGodhadmadetheworldandtheearthmust
bethecentreofthesolarsystem.[翻譯]那不是解決問題的唯一辦法,肯定有另外的辦法。___________________________________________________________________5.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwith
theplanetsgoingroundit.[翻譯]在亞洲的某些地方,你坐著時(shí)你的腳不能朝向別人。_________________________________________________________________Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Theremustbeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.核心詞匯梳理1.a(chǎn)ttendvt.
到場(chǎng);出席;參加;看護(hù);照顧
搭配attend(on/upon)sb.看護(hù);照顧attendto處理;傾聽;專心于;照料;接待
(1)只有他姐姐照顧他。Therewasnooneto______________buthissister.(2)我有一些急事要處理。Ihavesomeurgentbusinessto_________.attend(on)himattendto識(shí)記attendschool去上學(xué)attendchurch去做禮拜attendameeting參加會(huì)議attendone’sclass聽課(3)溫家寶總理參加了2009年的哥本哈根氣候峰會(huì)。PremierWenJiabao________CopenhagenClimateSummitin2009.attended2.concludevt.&vi.
結(jié)束;推斷出;決定
搭配concludesth.fromsth.從……得出
拓展cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion總之,最后(=finally)說出下列句子中劃線部分的意思。(1)Whatcanyouconclude_fromthesefacts?(2)Sheconcludedhertalkwithafunnystory.(3)Weconcludedtogoout/thatwewouldgoout.(4)Whenheranawayfromme,Iconcludedhewasafraid.
答案:(1)從……中得出結(jié)論(2)以……結(jié)束(3)決定(4)斷定3.defeatvt.
打??;戰(zhàn)勝;使受挫
n.失敗
辨析defeat,beat&windefeat與beat同義,表示“擊敗對(duì)方”,賓語(yǔ)為參賽者或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者,如sb.或ateam;而win則表示“贏得比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或某些獎(jiǎng)賞或榮譽(yù)”,賓語(yǔ)為game,match,prize等,不能接人。
用defeat,beat或win填空。(1)Class4____________Class12inthefootballmatchyesterday.(2)TheU.S.A.____theIraqWarbutlostthenationalpopularity(國(guó)家聲望).defeated/beatwon4.exposevt.
使暴露于;使接觸到;揭發(fā);使膠片曝光Don’texposethefilmtolight.不要把膠卷曝光。Theteacherstrytoexposestudentstogoodartandmusic.老師盡力使學(xué)生接觸美好的藝術(shù)和音樂。
搭配beexposedto=exposeoneselfto暴露于……之下
提示expose還可意為“揭露”
完成句子(1)Theyconsideritalmostacrimeto_______(使接觸到)childrentoviolenceandsexonTV.(2)___________________________________(暴露在陽(yáng)光下很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)willdoharmtoyourskin.exposeBeingexposedtothesunforalongtime5.curevt.&n.治療;治愈Ihopethedoctorcancurethepaininmyshoulder.我希望醫(yī)生能治好我肩上的疼痛。
搭配cure...of...恢復(fù)健康;去除……Shetriedeverymeanstocureherchildofthebadhabit.她想盡一切辦法試圖改掉她孩子的這個(gè)惡習(xí)。
辨析treat強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過程,不強(qiáng)調(diào)后果。
cure強(qiáng)調(diào)后果,有“治愈”之意。用treat/cure填空(1)Whichdoctorisgoingto____himforhisillness?(2)Thisnewmedicinesoon_____mycold.(3)WhenIlefthospital____________________(我完全痊愈了).(4)Thisjob________________________(將會(huì)治好他的懶病).
treatcuredIwascompletelycuredwillcurehimofhislaziness6.suspectvt.
懷疑;猜疑
句型suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人做了某事suspectsb.tobe...疑心某人是……suspectthat...疑心……(1)我疑心他是個(gè)賊。Isuspecthim___________.(2)我開始覺察出,他們?cè)噲D擺脫掉我。Ibeganto___________theyweretryingtogetridofme.(3)皮爾徹被懷疑是間諜。Pilcherwas________________aspy.(4)人們懷疑這種藥物造成200多人死亡。Thedrugissuspectedof____________________.tobeathiefsuspectthatsuspectedofbeingcausingover200deaths7.blamevt.
責(zé)備;譴責(zé);歸咎于
n.責(zé)怪;(過錯(cuò)、失敗等)責(zé)任
搭配betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備beartheblame承擔(dān)責(zé)任taketheblame負(fù)過失的責(zé)任blamesb.forsth.因某事責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把……怪到……頭上;把某事的責(zé)任歸咎于某人(1)她沒把她父親的死歸罪于任何人。Shedoesn’t_____anyone___herfather’sdeath.(2)出了事不能怪你。You______________forwhathappened.(3)我們?cè)敢鉃樗l(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Wewerereadyto_____________forwhathadhappened.blameforarenottoblametaketheblame8.pollutevt.
污染;弄臟
派生pollutedadj.受污染的pollutern.污染者,常指發(fā)出污染的地方,如工廠pollutionn.污染用pollute的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Wecan’tdrinkthe________water.(2)Nowadays,somethingmustbedonetoreduceair________.(3)The_______thathas________theriverisachemicalfactory.pollutedpollutionpolluterpolluted9.handlen.
柄;把手
vt.處理;管理;操縱;觸摸
理解說出下列句子中handle的意思。(1)Youcan’tusethehammerbecauseitshandleisloose.(2)MissGaoWeipingcanhandleherclasswell.(3)Mr.Lincanhandlecomplexmachine.
答案:(1)柄(2)管理(3)操縱10.linkvt.&vi.
連接;聯(lián)系
搭配link...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來linkup連接;會(huì)合根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成英語(yǔ)句子。(1)我們學(xué)校與一些重點(diǎn)中學(xué)有密切聯(lián)系。Ourschool_________________anumberofkeymiddleschools.(2)這淺淺的海峽把大陸和臺(tái)灣聯(lián)系起來。Theshallowstrait___________________________.(3)我們將在北京與史密斯一家會(huì)合。Wewill____________________inBeijing.
hascloselinkswithlinksthemainlandtoTaiwanlinkupwiththeSmiths11.announcev.
宣布;通告
搭配announcesth.tosb.向某人通報(bào)/宣布某事announcetosb.that...向某人通報(bào)/宣布某事
派生announcementn.宣布,宣告,通告根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成英語(yǔ)句子。(1)我要向世人宣告我的目標(biāo)(goal)。Iwillannounce___________________.(2)我有件重要事情要宣布。I’vegotanimportant_____________________.mygoaltotheworldannouncementtomake12.contributev.
捐贈(zèng);貢獻(xiàn);投稿;有助于Idon’tthinkit’sdifficultforeveryonetocontribute.我想人人都出一份力是不難的。Manycountriescontributedfoodandclothestorefugees.許多國(guó)家都向難民們提供了食品和衣物。
搭配contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)/捐獻(xiàn)/提供給……;把……投給……contributeto有助于……;導(dǎo)致
(1)那位作家親自捐贈(zèng)了5000英鎊給地震基金。Thewriterpersonally__________£5,000__theEarthquakeFund.(2)我投了幾首詩(shī)給一本文學(xué)雜志。I__________severalpoems__aliterarymagazine.(3)此書對(duì)我們了解這門學(xué)科無所助益。Thisbook________________ourunderstandingofthesubject.contributedtocontributedtocontributeslittleto派生contributionn.makeacontributionto為……做出貢獻(xiàn)13.absorbv.
吸取(光,液體等);全神貫注
Cottonglovesabsorbsweat.棉手套吸汗。Theoldmanwasabsorbedinthebook.老人全神貫注地讀著書。
搭配o...吸收入……之內(nèi)……beabsorbedin=putone’sheartinto集中注意力于……,全神貫注于……。同義詞還有belostin,devote...to,fixone’sattentionon,focus...on,concentrate...on等。absorb+n.吸收……;理解(知識(shí)等),如:absorbknowledge吸收知識(shí)。完成句子(1)Aspirin________________(很快吸收)by/intothebody.(2)Thesurroundingvillages_________________(已被并入)by/intothegrowingcities.(3)WhenIcamein,IfoundRosesittingatherdesk,___________________(埋頭讀書).(4)Thecompanyhasgradually________________________(逐步地吞并了那些小一點(diǎn)的公司).(5)Ineverknowthereisanynovelthatwillbesointeresting_______________(以致吸引住他).isquicklyabsorbedhavebeenabsorbedabsorbedinherbookabsorbedthosesmalleronesastoabsorbhim重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)例釋1.putforward提出;建議;推薦Hehadnodesiretoputforwardhisplan.他不想提出他的計(jì)劃。
聯(lián)想putup舉起putaside放在一邊;存儲(chǔ)puton穿上;上演;假裝,偽稱putatease使安心,使不拘束putout熄滅putupwith容忍,忍受putoff推遲putaway存放,存蓄,打消(想法)putdown放下,鎮(zhèn)壓用put短語(yǔ)填空(1)Mymothersimply___________her.(2)We______forthenightattheGrandHotel.(3)He_______thelightandwentout.(4)Maryisn’treallysick;sheisonly_________.(5)Ihadto_______theappointmentwithmygirl-friendduetotheaccident.putupwithputupputoutputtingonputoff2.a(chǎn)partfrom除了……;除了……(還有)Apartfromsomespellingmistakes,thecompositionisfairlygood.除了有些語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤外,這篇作文還很不錯(cuò)。
提示apartfrom后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞,其同義詞為besides,except或exceptfor。
拓展besides除……之外(還有,包括在內(nèi))except除了……之外(不包括在內(nèi))exceptfor除……之外,只是exceptthat(what/when/where...)除了……inadditionto...除了……;除了……(還有)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空(1)Suchadictionarywouldbeausefuladdition___mycollection.(2)__additiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.(3)Tomplaysfootball__wellas,ifnotbetterthan,Peter.toInas3.leadto通向;導(dǎo)致;招致Thisbridgeleadstotheisland.這座橋通往那個(gè)島。Smokingcigarettesleadstolungcancer.吸煙會(huì)引起肺癌。
提示此短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞,后面可接動(dòng)名詞。熬夜太晚導(dǎo)致他來晚了。Stayinguptoolateledto____________.
鏈接bringabout導(dǎo)致;引起bringon導(dǎo)致resultin引起;導(dǎo)致hisbeinglate疑難語(yǔ)句細(xì)解1.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogathertheinformation.隨著霍亂在貧民區(qū)的迅速蔓延,他開始收集這方面的資料。
點(diǎn)撥as作連詞時(shí),有“隨著”之意,表示發(fā)展變化狀況。
Asthesunsinkslower,shadowsspreadacrossthecourtyard.隨著太陽(yáng)漸漸落下,影子也擴(kuò)散到整個(gè)院落。(1)隨著時(shí)間的流逝,愛因斯坦的理論被證明是正確的。______________,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.(2)隨著人的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,兩個(gè)腦半球就變得不同。_______________,bothsidesofhisbrainbecomedifferent.AstimewentonAsonegrowsold拓展介詞with也可譯為“隨著”,但后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。(3)隨著這一天的過去,天氣也愈來愈糟。____________________,theweathergotworse.(4)隨著冬天的接近,天氣變得更冷了。_________________________,theweathercamecolder.WiththedaygoingonWiththeapproachofwinter2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能說得清楚。
點(diǎn)撥only后接if/when從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞then等并且置于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝。
Onlyifthecaseisurgentshouldyoucalloutthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.只有患者情況緊急時(shí),你才可以在半夜叫醫(yī)生看病。OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.我只有找到工作才有足夠的錢上學(xué)。
拓展onlyif只有onlyif可視為if的加強(qiáng)說法,即其中的only是修飾if從句的,其意為“只有在……條件下”。如:I’lltellyou,butonlyifyoudon’ttellanyoneelse.我可以告訴你,但條件是你不能告訴其他任何人。(1)只有通過這種方式你才能解決問題。_______________________________________(2)只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。_______________________________(3)你必須把賬單送到我住的地方,我才愿意償付。I’llacceptthebill______yousendittomyhomeaddress.(4)我告訴他,只有努力才能成功。Itoldhimhewouldsucceed__________________.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.onlyifonlyifhetriedhard寫作句式日積月累表示原因(1)Therearethreereasonsforthis...(2)Thereasonsforthiscanbelistedasfollows.(3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.(4)Thereasonforthisisthat...(5)Wehavegoodreasonstobelievethat...(6)Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.以下短語(yǔ)也常用來表示原因,你能用它們分別造一個(gè)表示原因的句子嗎?(7)accountfor______________________________________(8)contributeto__________________________________(9)resultfrom_____________________________________(10)resultin_________________________________________(11)liein_______________________________________(12)leadto_______________
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