中考英語復(fù)習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法（派生法）課件

專題十五詞匯運用

中考英語語法專題本專題內(nèi)容適用于7--9年級學(xué)生本專題一般共需6課時第二課時構(gòu)詞法（二）一、派生法Derivation二、截取/混合/縮略三、鞏固練習(xí)一、派生法:

是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞。有些詞性會變而有些詞性不會變。happyadj.開心的；幸福的---unhappyadj.不開心的；沮喪的developv.發(fā)展---developmentn.發(fā)展前綴含義例詞a-處在……arise,aside,aloneen-使可能enrich,enable,enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder,un-不做相反動作unable,unknown,uncommon,uncomfortable,unfair,unclose,undress,uncover,untiein-im-ir-不，非inactive,incapable,inpatient,incorrectimpossible,impersonal,impolite,immature,impracticalirregular,irresponsibleillogical,前綴non-不，非nonexistent,non-interference,non-conductor,non-stopde-向相反方向發(fā)展decentralize（分散）,defrost（解凍）anti-反（對）anti-freeze,anti-fascistmis-錯誤的，壞的misdoings,misunderstand,misfortunere重復(fù)，再rewrite,remarry,reunite,recycle,co-共同co-exist,co-operate,co-educationex以前的Ex-husband,ex-presidenttele遠(yuǎn)程telephone,telegraph,telescopesuper-在上面，超級supermarket,superpower,under-在……之下underline,underestimate,underground,inter-相互，之間international,interact,inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-過，穿過，變transformation(變形),translatevice-副vice-premier,vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal,semicircle,semi-automaticbi兩個bicycle,biennial兩年一次的tri三個triangle三角形,tricycle三輪腳踏車,triplets三胞胎mul-多，多種multiply,multi-national,multi-coloredkilo-千kilometer,kilogram后綴例詞名詞-er/eerfarmer,weaver,pain-killer,murderer,villager,speaker,cooker,recorder,engineer-essactress,waitress,princess,hostess-orconductor,sailor,transistor,operator,-arBeggar-eseChinese,Portuguese,Japanese-ianmusician,Egyptian,physician-istscientist,dentist,communist,-ent/-antassistant-mentargument,judgment,government-nesshappiness,greatness,illness,coldness,sleeplessness-ionaction,decision,creation后綴例詞名詞-tiondictation,preparation,repetition,action,information,invention-ingbuilding,wedding,painting-shipleadership,friendship,hardship-ageshortage,marriage,leakage-tyloyalty,cruelty,penalty,sixty,twenty,thirty,certainty-thtruth,warmth,length,growth,fifteenth,fourth-anceacceptance,assistance,reliance,appearance-encedependence,confidence,reference,entrance,defence-fulmouthful,handful,plateful,-alrefusal,denial,arrival-ydifficulty,possibility,-domfreedom,wisdom,kingdom-ismsocialism,materialism-listnovelist,socialist,后綴例詞形容詞-alcentral,industrial,national,natural-anEuropean,American,Australian-erneastern,northern,southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable,forgettable,sensible-fulcareful,cheerful,grateful,faithful,-ishchildish,Swedish,selfish-ivedestructive,collective,active,creative,effective-ythirsty,dirty,windy,sunny,cloudy,healthy,funny-lesscareless,hopeless,helpless,homeless,sleepless,fearless,limitless后綴例詞形容詞-engolden,wooden,woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-aryimaginary,revolutionary,secondary-icrealistic,historic,poetic-sometroublesome,burdensome,lonesome,handsome-likechildlike,womanlike,manlike-antignorant,significant,observant,important-entdiligent,silent,excellent,frequent-lylively,friendly,lovely,weekly,brotherly,motherly-ishchildish,foolish后綴例詞動詞-izerealize,modernize,mechanize,criticize,-enwiden,strengthen,lengthen,sharpen,widen,shorten,quicken,deepen-fySimplify,beautify,terrify,后綴例詞副詞-ward(s)forward,northward,backward,downward-lyslowly,quickly,carefully,loudly,happily,friendly()1.enrichA.tryingtofindjobs()2.semicircleB.remove,getridofice,frost()3.troublesomeC.of,having,usingimagination()4.sharpenD.makeorbecomesharp()5.job-huntingE.halfacircle()6.limitlessF.causingtrouble()7.imaginativeG.makerich,improveinquality,flavour,etc.()8.defrostH.withoutlimitGEFDAHCBQuizMatchtherightwordsfromtherightcolumnwiththewordsontheleft.

連線

1..截取法:將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變的英語構(gòu)詞法稱為截短法，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。1）截頭telephone→phone電話

airplane→plane飛機(jī)2）去尾mathematics→maths數(shù)學(xué)examination→exam考試kilogram→kilo千克laboratory→lab實驗室taxicab→taxi出租車3）截頭去尾influenza→flu流感refrigerator→fridge冰箱prescription→script處方藥方腳本

二、截取混合縮略法2.混合法:英語構(gòu)詞還可以將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞，前半部分表屬性，后半部分表主體。這樣的英語構(gòu)詞法就是混合法breakfastlunch=brunch早午餐newsbroadcast→newscast新聞廣播televisionbroadcast→telecast電視播送smokeandfog→smog煙霧photoandgraphy→photography攝影，攝影術(shù)helicopterairport→heliport直升飛機(jī)場3.首字母縮略法TOEFL----TestofEnglishasaforeignlanguage托福IELTS---InternationalEnglishlanguagetestsystem雅思WHOWTONBAVOABBCCDUFOetc.Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.用所給詞正確形式填空1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)2.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How______Kateislaughing!(happy)4.Itsnowed

lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)5.Edisonwasagreat______.Duringhislifehehadmany

.(invent)6.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)noisyplayershappilyheavilyinventorinventionskindness()1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.care

B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessness()2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis_____isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death()3.Thechildlooked_______athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.

A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad單選題BDC()4.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.

A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；fool

C.foolish；fool；foolD.foolis