培根筑基15-課下全面練必修第三冊(cè)UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION

培根筑基15-課下全面練必修第三冊(cè)UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION1.閱讀理解A[2022?貴陽(yáng)四校高三聯(lián)考二[NASAastronautBruceMcCandlessIIhasdied.Youmaynotknowhisname,butyou*veprobablyseenhiminoneofthemostfamouspicturesevertakeninspace.In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayfromtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被繩索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackground.Itwasthefirsttimethatanastronauthadeverfloatedfreelyinspace,andMcCandlesshelpeddevelopthetechnology.BruceMcCandlesshadbeenanastronautforalongtimebeforehefirstflewinspaceaboardtheshuttle.HewasoneoftheoneswhocommunicatedwiththecrewofApollo11.Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesignwhatbecametobeknownastheMannedManeuveringUnit-abackpackpropulsiondevicethatgaveastronautsmobilityforextravehicular（艙夕卜的）activitiesoutsidetheshuttle.McCandlessfirstwenttospacein1984aboardtheshuttleChallengerandtookthesejet-poweredbackpacksalong.Duringthemission,McCandlessclimbedintothe300-poundcontraption（奇特的裝置）andslowlyeasedoutoftheshuttle'scargobayascontrollerslookedon.ItwasfrighteningseeingMcCandlessoutinspacebyhimself.RelativetotheEarth,hewasflyingatalmost18,000milesperhour.Butrelativetotheshuttle,hewasmovingatonefootpersecond.Hesaidhewasn*tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything.Bytheendofthatspacewalk,hehadmovedlittlemorethan300feetawayfromtheshuttlewhenthefamouspicturewastaken.McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture.Hehopeditwouldinspirethenextgenerationofexplorers.BruceMcCandlessshowedtheway.Hefinishedsecondinhisclassof899attheU.S.NavalAcademyandusedhisengineeringskillstomakespaceflightsafer.Heoncesaidthefirstuntetheredspacewalkwasamixofpersonalexcitementandprofessionalpride.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcCandless?Hewasthefirstmantoflyoutofthespacecraft.B?Hisspacewalkwasnotattachedtotheshuttle.Hisnamewasfamiliartothepublic.Hewasfondoftakingphotos.WhatdidMcCandlessdobeforehisspacetravel?HeinventedtheshuttleChallenger.Hehelpeddesignjet-poweredbackpacks.HeworkedasacrewmemberofApollo11.HetrainedastronautsattheU.S.NavalAcademy.HowdidMcCandlessfeelduringhisspacewalk?A.Calm.B.Stressed.C.Fortunate.D.Exhausted.What'sMcCandlessmostproudof?Beingknownbychildren.Beingchosenasanastronaut.Havingagoodperformanceinschool.Makingacontributiontospacetechnologies.B[2022?唐山市二模]A293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover（探測(cè)器）toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial（微生物的）lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanetsgravitational（弓I力的）pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere-just1percentthatofEarth's-doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy*s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees-anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe"sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy*sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission."Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,“saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision."Whilewelllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples（樣本）carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?Thespeedreduction.B-Theatmosphereanalysis.Thelocationsearch.Thetimemanagement.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B?Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A?Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.n.七選五[2022?海口市調(diào)研考試]HowtostopLifeGettingYouDownThere'sasaying一"Ifyouandeveryoneelsethrewyourproblemsontothepile,you'dtakeyoursbackimmediatelyonceyousaweveryoneelse's."1Othersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.Sowhenthingsstarttogetyoudown,howcanyoupickyourselfbackup?2Ifyou'restrugglingorfeelingdown,alwaysrememberthatyoudon*thavetobealone.Youdon*tneedtobeonyourown,either.3Ifyoudon*tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,youllfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideasoratleastlistentoyou.Youllalsofindthatonlineforums（論壇）andsocialmediasitescanprovideopportunitiestoconnectandaskforhelp.Tryoutanewhobby.Hobbiesdon!tjustfilltime;theyalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurpose.Tryoutanewsport,learntodanceorperhapsjoinachessclub.Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction.—4Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.Thosethathavebouncedbackfromaseriousillnessoftenstatethatthey'vebeengivenanewchanceoflifeandthattheywakeupeachmorningfeelinggratefulforjustbeingabletowakeup.5Gooutfordinnerandmakeeffortstotrulyappreciateyourmealorliebackonyourbed,surroundedbytotalsilence,andsimplyfocusonhowitfeelstobreatheandtorelax.Ifyoucan'tfocusonthesilence,youcaninsteadchoosebackgroundnoise.A?Reachout.B?Turntoyourfriendsorfamily.Badexperiencesarepartoflifeforusall.Friendswillbehappytohelpandmakeyoujoyful.E.Enjoythebeautyofaflowerorasimplesunnyday.Talkingandmakingnewfriendswillraiseyourspirits.Anewattitudetoordinarylifecanmakeyoufeelmorepositive.in.語(yǔ)法填空[2022?鄭州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Aftertraveling1.spaceforsevenmonths,China*sTianwen-1probe(探測(cè)器)hasreachedMarsand2.(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10,2021,accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13.theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5.(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry'sfirst6.(independence)Marsmission(任務(wù))，waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7.(large)launchvehicleinChina,fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8.(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting,landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars*UtopiaPlanitia10.(conduct)scientificsurveys.詳解答案I.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——人物故事一一美國(guó)宇航員布魯斯?麥克坎德雷斯二世【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講了美國(guó)宇航員布魯斯?麥克坎德雷斯二世使用MMU噴氣式背包進(jìn)行人類(lèi)歷史上第一次沒(méi)有系繩子的太空行走任務(wù)的相關(guān)故事。.答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“In1984,McCandlesscarriedajet-poweredbackpackandflewawayformtheshuttle,byhimself,untethered（不被繩索捆束的），withtheEarthasabackgroundn可知，McCandless的太空行走是在沒(méi)有系繩子的情況下進(jìn)行的。故B項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析:B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whilehewaswaitinghisturntoflyinspace,hehelpeddesign...abackpackpropulsiondevice”可知，McCandless在進(jìn)行太空旅行前幫忙設(shè)計(jì)了噴氣式背包。故B項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：A考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hesaidhewasn'tnervous.Hefounditeasy.Hehadtrainedforthatmomentforyears,readyforanything”可以推斷出，McCandless在太空行走期間，心情十分平靜。故A項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第五段中的“McCandlesssaidhewasmostproudthatchildrencameuptohimlaterinlifetosaythey'dseenthepicture”可知，McCandless最引以為豪的事情是被孩子們認(rèn)識(shí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。B語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)一一科學(xué)與技術(shù)一一“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器成功登陸火星【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要介紹了“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器的主要任務(wù)，以及其登陸火星過(guò)程中的情況。.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知，火星引力會(huì)使得接近火星的航天器更快速行進(jìn)，并且火星稀薄的大氣層對(duì)減緩航天器的速度幾乎沒(méi)有幫助，故減速是“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器登陸火星的特別挑戰(zhàn)。.答案與解析：C考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段尾句"Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe'sevenminutesofterror'”為本段總結(jié)句，再結(jié)合該段上文可知，該段主要介紹了“七分鐘內(nèi)生存下來(lái)的因素”：降低速度，精確的切入角度。故C項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：B考查理解詞匯的能力。分析第四段尾句句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it的指代對(duì)象為map-readingsystem或thearea。再結(jié)合句意”其復(fù)雜的地圖讀取系統(tǒng)快速掃描該地區(qū)，并將其與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的地圖進(jìn)行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代該句中的“thearea”。故B項(xiàng)正確。.答案與解析：C考查推理的能力。根據(jù)尾段可知，確認(rèn)火星曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)微生物需要大量的證據(jù)而攜帶這些證據(jù)的樣本又需要裝備齊全的實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及將精密儀器送回地球才能進(jìn)行分析。據(jù)此可推知，人類(lèi)要證明火星上曾有生命還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。故C項(xiàng)正確。H.七選五語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——積極的生活態(tài)度——如何防止生活讓你沮喪【語(yǔ)篇解讀】人生不可能一帆風(fēng)順。當(dāng)生活開(kāi)始讓你感到沮喪時(shí)，怎么才能找回自己的積極狀態(tài)呢？本篇提供一些防止生活讓你沮喪的建議。.答案與解析：C考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空后的“0thersareprobablydealingwiththeirownproblemsjustlikeyou.”可推知，此處是說(shuō)每個(gè)人都會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題，處理難題的方式或許跟你一樣。故C項(xiàng)“糟糕的經(jīng)歷是我們所有人生活的一部分”符合語(yǔ)境。.答案與解析：A考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)本段中的“alwaysrememberthatyoudon'thavetobealone"及"you'llfindsupportgroupsthatcanprovideyouwithideas”可知，本段是說(shuō)如果有問(wèn)題不要一個(gè)人扛著，要向別人求助。故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.答案與解析：B考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前“Youdon】needtobeonyourown,either”以及空后“Ifyoudon'tfeelabletotalktofriendsorfamily,you'llfindsupportgroups”可知，此處是說(shuō)遇到問(wèn)題不要一個(gè)人扛著，要向朋友或者家人求助。故B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。.答案與解析：F考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句"Manyhobbiesalsoprovideopportunitiesforsocialinteraction”可知，此空可能會(huì)說(shuō)明這樣做的好處。故F項(xiàng)”交談和結(jié)交新朋友會(huì)振奮你的精神”符