密題沖刺三英語二試卷研池大叔全年課程

：研池大全年免費(fèi)2018/2019考研課【純！更新快！絕對不要你一分錢】請不要被從我這免費(fèi)拿課的二道販子、三道販子騙了！【某些】從我這免費(fèi)拿課然后騙打賞、騙粉絲，請?zhí)岣呔瑁嗉幼⒁?！【免?zé)后24小時請自行刪除，若存在行為，請及時與聯(lián)系，核實(shí)后，我們會在24小時內(nèi)候刪除課程，有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力的同學(xué)，請支持正版，謝謝。：研池大全年免費(fèi)2018/2019考研課【純！更新快！絕對不要你一分錢】請不要被從我這免費(fèi)拿課的二道販子、三道販子騙了！【某些】從我這免費(fèi)拿課然后騙打賞、騙粉絲，請?zhí)岣呔瑁嗉幼⒁?！【免?zé)后24小時請自行刪除，若存在行為，請及時與聯(lián)系，核實(shí)后，我們會在24小時內(nèi)候刪除課程，有經(jīng)濟(jì)能力的同學(xué)，請支持正版，謝謝。2018年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考英語（二）試(考生注意答題前，考生須在答題紙指定位置上填寫考生、報(bào)考單位和考生編號答案必須寫在答題紙指定位置上，寫在其他地方無效填（書）寫必須使用藍(lán)（黑）色字跡鋼筆、圓珠筆或簽字筆考試結(jié)束，將答題紙和試題一并裝入試題袋回SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Eatingmorevegetablesprobablywon’tpreventcancer,butitmayimproveyourhearthealth.Amajorstudy1theeatinghabitsof478,000Europeanssuggeststhatconsuminga2offruitsandvegetableshaslittleifanyeffectonpreventingcancer.Thestudy3thepotentialofvegetablesforloweringcancerrisk,4theresultsdon’tmeanyoushouldpushthosegreensoffyourAnumberofstudiesshowthathighvegetableconsumptionis5lowerriskforheartdisease.Inaddition,thereisstillsome6thatcertainvegetablesandfruitsmay7effective,cancer-lightingcompounds.Andthelateststudyalsosuggestedapotentiallyhigheranti-cancer8ofeatingvegetablesforpeoplewhoregularlydrinkalcohol.TheEuropeanstudytracked142,605menand335,873womenfora(n)9ofnearlynineyears.Eatingmorevegetableswasassociatedwithasmallbutstatistically10reductionincancerrisk.Thedata11intoa4percentlowerriskofcancerforeverytwo12servingsofvegetablesadayaeats.Whilethefindingssuggestatleastasmalllowerriskofcancer13thosewhoeatlotsofvegetables,14differencecouldbeexplainedbyanumberofvariables,15reportingerrorsamongthestudystudysubjectsorthefactthatvegetableeatersalsoarelesslikelytosmokeordrinktoexcess.Inaddition,a4percentreductioninrelativerisk16verylittlepracticalbenefittoanindividual.Forinstance,awitha10percentriskofgettingcanceroverthenexteightyearswould,17,lowerhisorherrisktojust9.6percentbyeatingtwoextraservingsofvegetablesaday.Eatingmorevegetableswon’tpreventcancer,butalargebodyofevidenceshowsthat18vegetableconsumptionisgoodforyourheart.In2004,Harvardresearchersreportedondatacollectedfrom100,000nursesanddoctors.19thestudyshowednolinkbetweencancerriskandvegetableconsumption,eatingfiveormorefruitandvegetableservingsdailywasassociatedwitha30percentlowerriskof20diseaseorstrokecomparedtothosewhoatelessthan1.5servingsaday.[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]associatedwith[B]determinedby[C]independentof[D]attached[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]at [B]at [C]at [D]without[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D]SectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Boostedbyboominginternationalfinancialmarkets,theCityofLondonhasnothaditsogoodsincetheendofthe bonanzainthelate1990s.Baskingindouble-digitgrowthrates,London’slawfirmshavebothcontributedtothatsuccessandbenefitedfromit.TheearningsoftopCitylawyerscannowexceed￡2mayear.Havingoptedtoexpandandgoglobalaheadofmostothers,Britain’sleadinglawfirmstendtobebiggerthantheirAmericanrivals.Indeed,accordingtoasurveyoftheworld’stop50lawfirms,compiledbyLegalBusiness,aBritishtradepaper,fiveoftheworld’stopsixlawfirms-intermsofturnover-arenowBritish(ifDLAPiper,theresultofanAnglo-Americanmerger,isincluded).Buttheyhavetendedtolagbehindintermsoftheirprofitability.Thatisnowchanging.TheprofitmarginsoftheCity’sfive"magiccircle"firm—CliffordChance,SlaughterandMay,Allen&Overy,LinklatersandFreshfields—havesoaredinrecentyearsandarenowcomparablewith,ifnothigherthan,thoseofNewYork’s"whiteshoe"elite.SlaughterandMay,theonlyoneofthefivenottohavegoneglobal,hasthejointsecond-highestprofitmarginamongthetop50.Notsolongago,aLondonsurgeoncouldexpecttoearnasmuchasaCitylawyer.Buteventherecentbigrisesinhospitalconsultants’earningspaleincomparisonwiththoseenjoyedbyLondonlawyers.AtSlaughterandMay,forexample,averageprofitsperequitypartner(PEP)jumpedbyalmostathird(indollarterms)lastyear$2.75m—morethanatanyotherofthetop50lawfirmsbartwoinNewYorkwherePEPaveraged$2.8m$3.0mrespectively.SomeseniorpartnersgetalotmoreofCompetitionforthebestlawyersisfierceandpoachingfrequent.HencetheneedtokeepheadlinePEPfiguresup-evenatthecostofgettingridofequitypartners,leavingabiggershareofthebountyfortheremainingones.Freshfieldsisintheprocessofsheddingaround100ofitsequitypartners.Otherleadingfirmsarealsoundertakingpainfulrestructuring.Newlyqualifiedlawyers’salarieshavealsobeenshootingupinthesearchforthebesttalent.BothFreshfieldsandAllen&Overynowpaytheirfirst-yearassociates￡65,000,risingtoaround￡90,000afterthreeyears.(First-yearassociatesatAmerica’stoplawfirmsgettheequivalentof￡80,000.)But,asmanyothertop-rankCityemployershavediscovered,bigearningsdonotnecessarilyguaranteebigsatisfaction.AccordingtoaYoupoll,publishedbytheLawyerearlierthismonth,aquarterofBritain’slawyers(includingafifthoflaw-firmpartners)wouldliketoleavetheprofession.Thedisgruntledcomplainedaboutcripplinglylonghours,intensecompetitionandtheiralityofthebiggestfirms(omewithmorethan3,000lawyers).Sowhydon’ttheyquit?Because,saythree-quarters,ofthepay.WhichoneofthefollowingisTUREofthestatusquoofLondon’sLondonisenjoyingitsbesttimeofeconomicdevelopmentsinceThegrowthrateofLondonisdoubledsincethebeginningoftheThegrowthratestartedtoboostsincetheendof ThecurrenteconomyofLondonismostlydrivenbyitslegalinsteadoffinancialTheworld’stop50lawfirmsaregradedaccordingto theirannualtheirtheirsaletheirtyofThephrase“whiteshoe”(Line3,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_whitefirst-classlawfinancialinternationalInordertobecompetitive,thelawfirmstakethefollowingmeasures dismissingequitycarryingouthavingtheirbestlawyersturnmoreraisingsalariesforrecruitingFromtheYoupoll,itcanbeinferred thisprofessionisfarfrommostlawyerswillleavetheprofessionsoonerormostlawyersaresatisfiedwiththeprofessionbecauseofthefathighsalaryisalwayscontradictorytobigWhenthereisbloodinthewater,itisonlynaturalthatdorsalfinsswirlaroundexcitedly.NowthatAmerica’shousingmarketisailing,predatorshavetheirsightsonthecountry’scredit-cardmarket.ystsatGoldmanSachsreckonthatcredit-cardlossescouldreach$99billionifcontagionspreadsfromsubprimemortgagestootherformsofconsumercredit.Signsofstrainareclearlyvisible.Therearerisesinboththecharge-offanddelinquencyrates,whichmeasuretheshareofbalancesthatareuncollectableormorethan30dayslaterespectively.HSBCannouncedlastmonththatithadtakena$1.4billionchargeinitsAmericanconsumer-financebusiness,partlybecauseofweaknessamongcardborrowers.Itistooearlytopanic,though.Charge-offsanddelinquenciesarestilllow.AccordingtoMoody’s,aratingagency,thethird-quarterdelinquencyrateof3.89%wasalmostafullpercentagepointbelowthehistoricalaverage.Thedeteriorationinratescanbepartlyexplainedbytechnicalfactors.AchangeinAmerica’sal-bankruptcylawsin2005ledtoanabruptfallinbankruptcyfilings,whichinturnaccountforabigchunkofcredit-cardlosses;thenumberoffilings(andthuscharge-offrates)wouldberisingagain,whetherornotoverallconditionsforborrowersweregettingworse.Theindustryalsoreportssolidpaymentrates,whichshowhowmuchoftheirdebtconsumerspayoffeachmonth.Andconfidenceincredit-cardasset-backedsecuritiesisprettyfirmdespiteparalysisinothercornersofstructuredfinance.DennisMoroneyofTowerGroup,aresearchfirm,predictsthatissuancevolumesfor2007willendupbeing25%higherthanlastyear.Directchannelsofinfectionbetweenthesubprime-mortgagecrisisandthecredit-cardmarketcertainlyexist:consumersarelikeliertoloaduponcredit-carddebtnowthathome-equityloansaredryingupButcardissuerslookatcashflowratherthanassetvalues,sofallinghousepricesdonotnecessarilytriggerachangeinborrowers’creditworthiness.Theymayevenworktoissuers’advantage.Theincentivesforconsumerstokeeppayingthemortgagedecreaseifpropertiesareworthlessthanthevalueoftheloan;carddebtriseshigherupthelistofrepaymentprioritiesasaresult.Cardissuersarealsoabletorespondmuchmoreswiftlyandflexiblytostormiercnditionsthanmortgagelendersare,bychanginginterestratesoralteringcreditlimits.Thatshouldintheoryreducetheriskofarapidreprisingofassets."Wearenotgoingtowakeuponedayandtotallyrevaluetheloans"saysGaryPerlin,CapitalOne’schieffinancialofficer.Ifasuddensubprime-stylemeowninthecredit-cardmarketisimprobable,therisksofasustaineddownturnaremuchmorereal.IflowerhousepricesandacontractionincreditpushAmericaintorecession,theindustrywillundoubtedlyfaceagrimmerfuture.KeepwatchingforthosedorsalfinsTheauthormakesmentionofdorsalfinswhichareirrelevanttothetopicinordertomakepeoplealerttothepotentialattractthereaders’attentionbypresentinganinterestingmakepeoplerealizethegravenessoftheissuebyshowingasimilarmakethepassagemorevividbyimpartingnewknowledgetoRisesinthecharge-offanddelinquencyrateindicate thedeteriorationofthesubprimetheinadequateabilityofcardtheinfluenceofthetechnicalthechangeinrelevantAccordingtothepassage,thenumberofbankruptcyfillingswouldberisingagain thereisachangeinAmerica’sal-bankruptcythecharge-offsanddelinquenciesarestilltheinfluenceoftheal-bankruptcylawshasbeentheoverallconditionsforborrowersaregettingThesubprime-mortgagecrisisinfluencesthecredit-cardmarketin thefallofassetvaluesaffectsthecardborrowers’thedecreaseinthemortgagepaymentleadstotherisesofthecardthedryingupofthehome-equityloansspurconsumers’incentivestorepaythecardthefallinghousepricesmakesthecarddebtrisingAccordingtotheauthor,thecredit-cardmarketwillmorelikelybethreatened agradualdownwardarapidasustainedtrendofloweringtheaccumulationofeconomicEnvironmentalistsmaygetoffonterrifyingclimatechange,butmostpeoplejustturnaway.“Ifitwasreallysobad,they’ddosomething,”saysonecolleague.ThehumantendencytoconvinceyourselfthateverythingisOK,becausenooneelseisworried,isdeeplyseated.Ourtendencytoshrugoffresponsibilityseemstoholdtrueevenwhenweourselvesareindanger.JohnDarleyandBibbLatanééaskedaseriesofcollegestudentstositinaroomandfilloutaquestionnaire.Whensmokestartedtopourintotheroomthroughavent,theothers,allactors,ignoreditandwentonwritingcalmly.Ninetypercentofsubjectscopiedtheactors,evenwhenthesmokebecamesothickthattheycouldbarelyseeandwerecoughing.Butsubjectswhowerealoneintheroom,underthesameconditions,almostallreportedthesmokeasanemergency.Thatisanastonishingfinding—thattheinactionofotherpeoplecanmakeusunderestimatethreatstoourownsafety.Inthepastfewweekswehavebeentold,byreputablesources,thattheoceansarewarmingfasterthananyonepredicted.Thatspeciesare ingextinctahundredtimesfasterthanfossilsrecord.Thatweareapproachingtippointsthatmaymakeclimatechangeirreversible.Thisstuffmakesmefeelprettydesperate.Iwouldthinkthatotherpeoplewouldworrytoo.ButthenIgototheoffice,andtofriends’houses,andnoonementionsitNordothepoliticians.Despitethenoisefromgreengroups,welookforget-outclauses.Weblameothercountriesorbigcorporations.Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-Couldwesendtheherdintheotherdirection?Maybe.TenyearsafterDarleyandLatané’ssmokeexperiment,anotherprofessorArthurBeamanshoweditsfitohisstudens.Heexplainedthepsychology.Andinfuturethosestudentswere,apparently,almosttwiceaslikelyasotherstoreacttohelpotherpeople.InJanuaryIcountedaToyotaPriushybridcaronalmosteveryoneoftherichstreetsinapartofLondonjusteastofmyhouse.YesterdayIdidanothercount.Theyseemedtohaveincreasedtotwoorthree.Thatisthepowerofimitation,forpeoplewhocanaffordit.Buthowdoyougetotherpeopletoimitatebehaviorthatislessvisible:buyingless,travelinglessorchangingtheir r?Theanswersmustsurelylieinsocialetiquette.weareprogrammedtoactlikelemmings,thenwemustgivesomepeopleincentivestobreakoutandpublicizetheiractivities.Thesmokeiscomingupthroughthevent.Ifenoughpeoplestarttalkingaboutthesmoke,perhapsotherswillstarttoseeittoo.Andifenoughpeopleact,therestmayfollow.Forthat,itseems,ishumannature.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatpeopletendto beoptimisticaboutchangesoccurringturnablindeyetotheapproachinghavetheirjudgmentsinfluencedbywaitforsomeoneelsetoactInfaceofenvironmentaldegradation,mostpeopleare feelingunabletoassumesuchabigendeavoringtofindoutitstryingtoprotectProfessorArthurBeaman’sexperimentshowsthat it’shumannaturetoshrinkfromenvironmentaleducationshouldbeginwiththeyoungtherewillbemanymorewhoarereadytohelpproperguidancecanmakepeoplemoreconcernedaboutclimate“Actlikelemmings(Lastline,Paragraph5)”mostprobablymeans goalongunquestioninglywithpopularremainindifferenttoeverythinghappeninglackthecouragetomakeamajorpursuethelifestylesofyourrichTheauthorsuggeststhatinordertocounterclimatechange, moreattentionshouldbepaidtopsychologicalimitationshouldbeminimizedormorepopularizationshouldbedoneaboutitssomerestrictionsshouldbemadeonpeople’sspendingRichardBurtonprobablyknewnothingofthesmallSouthAfricantownofCullinanwhenheboughtyetanotherchunkydiamondforElizabethTaylorin1969.NowtheCullinanmineitself,likesomanyofthediamondsunearthedthere,isabouttochangehands.OnNovember22ndDeBeers,thediamondgiantthathasownedtheminesince1930,saiditwassellingittoaconsortiumledbyPetraDiamonds,oneofSouthAfrica’smergingdiamondproducers,for1billionrandincash.Providedregulatorsapprovethedeal,thetransfershouldtakeplacebythemiddleofnextyear.DeBeersissellingbecausethemineisnolongerprofitable,despiteattemptstoturnitaround.ButPetrareckonstheminestillhasanother20yearsofproductioninitandplanstoextractatleat1mcaratsayear.Theunexploited"CentenaryCut"deposit,whichliesundertheexistingmine,couldyieldaotmore.Thisisgoodnewsforthemine’s1,000orsoemployeesandforthetown,whichhasdependedonthediamondbusinesssinceSirThomasCullinandiscoveredaprospecttherein1898thatcontainedkmberlite,arockthatcanberichindiamonds.Themine,establishedin1903,isoneof30orsokimberlitediamondminesintheworld,andisbelievedtobestilltheworld’ssecond-most-valuablediamondresourcePetraisarelativelysmalloutfit,listedonLondonsAlternativeInvestmentMarket,thatspecializesinbuyingminesthatbiggercompaniesseeasmarginal.Itstrickistoextractbetterreturnsbyrationalizingproductionandprocessing,andkeeoperatingcostsandoverheadsdown.PetrahasalreadyboughttwoofDeBeers’sloss-makingSouthAfricanmines—bothofwhicharenowprofitable—andisfinalizingthe78.5mrandacquisitionofthegroup’sundergroundoperationinKimberley,whichstoppedworkinginItalreadyoperatesfourminesinSouthAfricaandhaspromisingexplorationinAngola(ajoint-venturewithBHPBilliton),SierraLeoneandBotswana.Petraexpectstoproduceover1mcaratsby2010-quiteajumpfrom180,474caratsintheyeartoJune.Thecompanyhasyettomakeaprofit,butexpectstobemakingmoneybythemiddleofnextyear.Inthe1990sDeBeersdecidedthatitwasnolongeragoodideatotrytomonopolizethediamondmarket.Itstartedfocusingonhigherreturnsratherthanmarketshare,andhasbeenrevamitsmineportfolio,sellingoffminesthatarenolongerprofitableandinvestinginmoreenticingoperations,suchasitsmineoffthewestcoastofSouthAfrica,itsVoorspoedoperationintheFreeStateprovince,andtwonewminesinCanada.Thishasopenedthewayforanewclassofdiamondfirmthatoperatesinthevastmiddlegroundbetweentheworld’shandfuloflargeproducersandamultitudeofmuchsmallerexplorationfirms.TheCullinandealshouldentrenchPetrainthismiddletier,alongsidefirmssuchasKimberleyDiamondandTransHex.Butevenifitdoesreachitstargetof1mcaratsayear,Petrawillstillnotbeabletomatchthesparkleofthegiants.LastyearDeBeersproduced51mcaratsfromitsminesinBotswana,Namibia,SouthAfricaandTanzania,whichamountedto40%oftheworld’sdiamondsbyvalue.TheCullinanminewasnamedaftertheoriginalnameofthethenameofitsfirstthenameofitsthenameofthetown’sfirstWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheCullinanThemineistheonlybusinessofthetownwhichemploysmostofthelocalItcanbeminedforanother20yearsgivenPetra’sadvancedItistheworld’ssecondlargestdiamondminewithayearlycapacityof1mWhethertheminewillmaintainitsprofitabilityisyettoPetra’soperatingphilosophycanbesaidas tomakeprofitsbyreducingthetoexploitthesurroundingareasofanexistingtointegratetheresourcesofallthemoney-losingsmalltorestructurethemineportfolioandtooptimizetheprocessDeBeershasmadechangesonitsdevelopmentstrategy itplanstoshrinkitsmarketshareandendsitslong-termitwantstoopenthewayforthemiddletierofdiamonditswitchesitsattentiontomakinglargeritwantstoturnaroundtheloss-makingminesbycooperatingwithcompaniesofsmallerThefutureofthenewclassofdiamondfirmis PartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlesfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ContrastwithOtherDifficultiesAcrosstheProblemsinEffortsoftheMunicipalRootandUrgencyoftheUrbanSolutionstotheDevelopmentalConcernsfromtheIndustrialWithshiningofficetowersrisingbetweenbroadbeachesandforestedmountains,bigparksandwaterfrontresidences,Vancouveroftencomesatthetopoflistsoftheworld’sbestcitiesinwhichtolive.Thisweek,amidmuchtriumphbelieffromcivicleaders,Vancouveriscelebrating,the125thofthemomentwhenashabbywoodentimbercampburnedtotheground,andthefoundationsofwhatisnowwesternCanada’slargestcitywerelaid.Butforallitspicture-postcardimage,Vancouver,likeotherCanadiancities.facessomepressingproblemsandlacksthemeanstodealwiththem. ThoseheadachesincludeDowntownEastside,aslumofcrime,povertyanddrugaddictionthatisthecountry’ssickesturbanarea,Soaringhousepricesminglewithhomelessness,Themiddleclassisbeingsqueezedouttothesuburbs.AlthoughthecityhaslostcorporateheadofficesLoCalgary,inoil-richAlberta,thepopulationofGreaterVancouverissettorisefrom2mto3.4mby2041,accordingtotheplanners,Thecityfacesasteepbilltoexpandpublictransport,upgradesewersandwatersystemsandrepaircollapsingcivicbuildings,roadsandbridges. Vancouver’sdifficultiesaremirroredacrossthecountry.Provincialernmentshaveneglectedtheirresponsibilityforsuchmattersassocialhousing,welfare.Mentalillness,drugaddictionandpolicing.Alltold,Canada’sbigcitiesneedatleastC$238billion($243billion)torepairandexpandinfrastructure,accordingtotheFederationofCanadianMunicipalities.Butmunicipalernmentslackbothmoneyandpowers.Theygetonlyeightcentsoutofeverytaxdollar.Theirrevenuescomemainlyfrompropertytaxes,UnderconstitutionalarrangementsthatdatebacktothetimewhenCanadawaslargelyrural,mayorshavefewerpowersthantheircounterpartsinsomeotherdevelopedcountries. Theresultisthatmayorsmustconstantlygocap-in-handtotheprovincialandfederalernmentsformoneyforcapitalprojects,Theresponsehasbeenanarrayofspecialfundingforurbanschemes.Forexample,sucharrangementsgaveVancouveranewconventioncentre,sportsfacilitiesandafastraillinktotheairport,allbuiltforthe2010winterOlympicGames.Butmunicipalleadersa