賓語從句講義及練習(xí)

戴氏教育集團(tuán)VIP張老師賓語從句賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：.掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞.掌握賓語從句的語序——主句+連接詞+主語+謂語.掌握賓語從句，主句與從句在時(shí)態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)?！咀⒁狻繉W(xué)習(xí)賓語從句一定要掌握：A.連詞B.語序C.時(shí)態(tài)D,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號【記住】.每個(gè)賓語從句都必須有連詞，只有that能省略；.賓語從句一律使用陳述語序；.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)依據(jù)主句：A.當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)B.當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句一定要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式C.從句部分是客觀真理，不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句句末的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號依據(jù)主句。一、賓語從句的連接詞.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，用連詞that連接，that只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard..一般疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，用連詞if和whether連接，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。Tomdoesn'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpawilllikethepresent.Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldhelphimwithhisEnglish..特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，用特殊問詞本身連接，(連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,連接副詞when,where,why,how)它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney..選擇疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，用whether...or…連接TheyaskedmewhetherIwouldgotoamovieorstayathome..反意疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，用whether.ornot連接Heaskedwhetheritwouldbefineornot.【注意】由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththepresents.Idon'tknowwhattodowiththepresents.二、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：賓語從句的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?(X)Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?(N)Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，語序不變。Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后面接陳述語序。“Wherearethetickets?”Iaskedhim.戴氏教育集團(tuán) VIP 張老師Iaskedhimwheretheticketswere.三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的制約，此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。Ithought（that）youareright.（X）Ithought（that）youwereright.（N）【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theteachertoldus（that）theearthmovesaroundthesun.四.其他需要說明的問題.標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall.CanyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?.要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。.如果主句的主語是第一人稱I或we時(shí)，并且謂語動(dòng)詞多為think、guess、believe、suppose等表示心理活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)，變否定句要否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即否定主句。否則，變否定句否定從句。Ithinkchickencanswim（變否定句）Idon,tthinkchickencanswimIbelievehewilltellalie.Idon,tbelievehewilltellalie.Hesaidthathewouldgoshopping（變否定句）.Hesaidthathewouldnotgoshopping.whether和if的用法區(qū)別：在下列7種情況下，只能用whether,不能用if1）在帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式前Shehasn,tdecidedwhethertogoortostay.Hedoesn,tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.2）在介詞后面IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.I,mnotinterestedinwhethershe,llcomeornot.I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3）直接與ornot連用時(shí)（或者在whetherornot結(jié)構(gòu)中）Ican'tsaywhetherornothe'llcomeontime.I'mnotinterestedinwhetherornotshe,llcome.Idon,tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.4）句首（賓語從句提前，主語從句）Whethersheisrightorwrong,Ican,ttell.Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.5）表語從句Thequestionwaswhetherhewenttherelastnight.6）在動(dòng)詞discuss的賓語從句中Wediscussedwhetherwewouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.7）如果用if會引起歧義的，用whetherPleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook.2張老師戴氏教育集團(tuán) VIP張老師Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.在下列三種情況下用if不用whether:1）引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,if意為“如果”Wewillgoswimmingifitdoesn,traintomorrow.2）引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)一般用ifHeaskedmeifIhadn,tfinishedmyhomework.3）狀語從句evenif（即使） asif（好像）I,llnotletyouwatchTVevenifyou,refree.Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.戴氏教育集團(tuán)VIP張老師賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。Idon'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I'lltellyou.戴氏教育集團(tuán)VIP張老師賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。Idon'tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I'lltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatIdon'tknowthedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesCouldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis？A.whatB.howC.whether D.whereCouldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp？A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.if;IfD.whetherhe'llcomeD.whathemendedIwanttoknow.A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafterDoyouknowwherenow？A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didheliveDoyouknowwhattime？A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleavesIdon'tknow.Canyoutellme,please？A.howthetwoplayersareoldC.thetwoplayersarehowoldThesmallchildrendon'tknowA.whatistheirstockingsinC.whereistheirstockingsinIcan'tunderstand.whatdoesChristmasmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesB.howoldarethetwoplayersD.howoldthetwoplayersareB.whatisintheirstockingsD.whatintheirstockingswhatChristmasdoesmeanD.whatChristmasmeansIdon'tknowhewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.when D.whereCouldyoutellme?A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyouliveinDoyoustillremember?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesayIcan'tunderstandtheboyalone.D.whyhadsheleftA.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleftShetoldmethesunintheeast.A.riseB.roseC.rises D.hadrisenTheytriedtofindout thenewtrain .A.howfar;hadgoneB.howlong;hasgoneC.howfar;wentD.howfarhad;runThemanagercameuptosee.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematterCanyoutellme ?A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudyDo youthinkisright, difficultiesyoumayhave.D.what;whateverA.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoever

D.what;whatever戴氏教育集團(tuán)VIP張老師戴氏教育集團(tuán)VIP張老師Heaskedhisfather.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen21.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoitCouldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer?A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowcheckinghe'llcomeornotisn'timportant.A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.WhatWouldyouliketoknowtheywilldoitornot.A.ifB.thatC.whether D.why——WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?——Sorry,I'venoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.did;boughtOurhometownhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears?A.how;anotherB.what;moreC.how;otherD.what;another——Couldyoutellme? ——Yes.HetotheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone——Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.——Yes.Butifit,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave;willrain B.youwillhave;willrainC.youwillhave;rains D.willyouhave;rainsIdon'tknowifhetomorrow.Ifhe,I'llmeethim.A.willcome;comesB.comes;comesC.willcome;willcomeD.comes;willcomeIreallydon'tknowifsheitwhenshe.A.finds;arrivesB.finds;willarriveC.willfind;willarriveD.willfind;arrivesSheasked.A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatwasIdoing32.Heaskedthetailor.howlongwouldthecoatbereadyC.howlongthecoatwouldbeready33.ThepolicemancameuptoseeA.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupC.whensherangmeupwhatwasIdoing32.Heaskedthetailor.howlongwouldthecoatbereadyC.howlongthecoatwouldbeready33.ThepolicemancameuptoseewhatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoingA.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwasB.howsoonwouldthecoatbereadyD.howsoonthecoatwouldbereadyC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematterIwonderthiskindofmetalcanbeusedintheconstructionindustry.A.how B.what C.aboutD.whichSheispleasedwithyouhavegivenherandallyouhavetold.A.that;that B.what;which C.what;thatD.all;whatTheyhavenoideaatall.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgonebyCan,tyoufindout wrongwiththeTVset?A.which B.that,s C.what,s D.whereisAllthebooksarehere.Youmayborrowyoulike.A.which B.that C.what D.whicheverHeaskedmeIwassuremymother.A.if;willcomeB.if;wouldcomeC.that;willcomeD.that;wouldcomeJohnrushedbackintotheroom,andsaw.

戴氏教育集團(tuán) VIP 張老師A.whatwrongwasB.whatwaswrongC.ifwrongwas D.ifwaswrongWeallknowthetruththemoonmovesaroundtheearth.A.that B.if C.whatD.whereHeaskedmethatelectricfan.C.rises;setsD.rose;setA.howmanyIpaidB.howmuchIpaidforC.howmuchIpaidD.howmanyIpaidfor43.Theteachertoldusthatthesunintheeastandinthewest.C.rises;setsD.rose;setA.raised;set B.raises;setsHetoldme.A.thathadhappened B.thathadhappenedtohimC.whathadbeenhappened D.whathadhappenedtohimIhavenodoubtweshallbeabletodosomethingforyou.A.whether B.if C.that D.whatWemustdothepartyus.A.as;tell B.as;tells C.what;tellD.what;tellsD.whosethatmanisCanyoutellusD.whosethatmanisA.whothatmanisB.whoisthatmanC.whatisthatman1don,tknow helives.A.that B.where C.whichD.whatIfoundnothingwronginwhathe.D.sayingD.whatC.whydon,tyouD.sayingD.whatC.whydon,tyouD.whyyoudon'tAskhersh