初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致主謂一致主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)必須保持人稱和數(shù)的變化一致，即句中謂語(yǔ)的變化形式由句子主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的形式?jīng)Q定。主謂一致通常遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致原則。語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?？键c(diǎn)一：一般情況下，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)二：動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)三：復(fù)合不定代詞anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,noone,nobody,nothing作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。注意：1.“neitherof/none/eitherof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可。2.either指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3.each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語(yǔ)的數(shù)；“eachof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)四：當(dāng)用both...and...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念，或表示不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?？键c(diǎn)五：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,except,including,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,inadditionto等詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定?？键c(diǎn)六：一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如shoe,glove,trouser,scissor,chopstick等。但如果這些名詞前有量詞如pair等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與量詞保持一致。考點(diǎn)七：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“a/thiskindof+名詞”構(gòu)成，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是“...kindsof+名詞”構(gòu)成，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。【考例鏈接】Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.There_______alargebowlofjiaozionthetable.A.isB.areC.be()2.Mr.Wangtogetherwithhiswifeandchildren_______inthecountryside.A.enjoyslivingB.enjoylivingC.enjoystoliveD.enjoytolive()3.Peterwithhisclassmates_______forthebuswhentheearthquakehappened.A.iswaitingB.waswaitingC.arewaitingD.werewaiting()4.—Lucy,there_______toomanythingsonthedesk.Whatamess!—Sorry,Mum.I’llputthemaway.A.haveB.isC.are()5.Asweallknow,usingpublicchopsticks_______necessarywhenweeatwithothers.A.isB.areC.wasⅡ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.BeijingOpera,animportantpartofChineseculture,_______(have)ahistoryofover200years.2.Mygrandfatheroften_______thathewantstogobackandliveinthecountryside.(repeat)3.Themilk_______sour.Don’tdrinkit.(smell)4.Hermother_______hergoodbyeasshegoestoschooleveryday.(kiss)5.Billisnewandnobody_______(know)him.6.Noneofmychildren_______(have)blondehairandtheyallhaveblackhair.7.Theseexercisesarenoteasyandeachofthemusually_______(take)oneortwominutestodo.8.Bothhisbrotherandsister_______(enjoy)tennis.Theyoftenplayittogether.9.Linda’sbirthdayiscomingandIthinkapairofgloves_______(be)anicepresentforher.10.Scissors_______(be)usedforcuttingthings.Ⅲ.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)意思或首字母填寫單詞1.Somescientists_______(相信)thattherewillbemorerobotsinthefuture.2.Weall_______(仰慕)thoseheroeswhoworkhardtofightagainstthevirus(病毒).3.Thiselephant_______(重量是)manytimesmorethanthispanda.4.Shakethebottlewellsothatthemilk_______(混合)withthetea.5.Asweallknow,thesun_______(升起)intheeast.6.Nothing_______morethanpeople’ssafetyandhealth.(要緊)7.ThiskindofspecialnoodlestsodeliciousthatIcan’thelpaskingformore.意義一致意義一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式，而是由其意義所決定?？键c(diǎn)一：1.“a(large/small)numberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”和“therest/most/halfof+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞決定。考點(diǎn)二：有些集體名詞常指復(fù)數(shù)的人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如police；有些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果指集體中的成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如family,class,team,group,crowd等；當(dāng)population意為“人口數(shù)量”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；意為“全體居民”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可?？键c(diǎn)三：以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞如news,physics,maths,politics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)四：“the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示某一家人或夫婦兩人，其作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)五：當(dāng)couple表示夫婦兩人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可?！究祭溄印竣?單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—ThetalentshowYouthWithYou(青春有你)isbecominghotterandhotteronline.—Exactly.Halfofourclass_______interestedinitrecently.A.isB.areC.was()2.—Thenumberoftourists_______over33millionthisyear.—Yes.Alargenumberoftourists_______sofarbecauseofthenewlookofourcity.A.is;havecomeB.is;hascomeC.are;hascomeD.are;havecomeⅡ.用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Look!TheBrowns_______(eat)supperinthekitchen.2.Thecouple_______(notchange)theirhousesincetheyhadasecondchild.3.Thegoodnews_______(be)thatitwillbefineandsunnytomorrow.4.In1992thepopulationofCairo_______(be)about6,500,000.5.Ourdiscussiongroup_______(be)meetingthisweekforthenewtask.就近一致就近一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與其最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致?？键c(diǎn)一：以or,notonly...butalso...,either...or...,neither...nor...等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和離它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致?？键c(diǎn)二：在therebe句型中，如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。【考例鏈接】單項(xiàng)選擇()1.—What’sinthepictureonthewall?—There_______ateacherandsomestudentsplayingsoccerontheplayground.A.hasB.areC.isD.have()2.NotonlyJackbutalsoI_______crazyaboutthefootballmatch.A.amB.isC.areD.be()3.Eitherthestudentsortheteacher_______himverywell.A.knowsB.toknowC.knowD.knew()4.NeithermysisternorI_______beentoXi’anbefore.A.haveneverB.haveeverC.hasneverD.hasever圖片參考答案語(yǔ)法一致Ⅰ.1-5AABCAⅡ.1.has2.repea