二輪復(fù)習(xí)八主謂一致

二輪復(fù)習(xí)（八）主謂一致［全析考法］I.單句語法填空（2018?全國卷I）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.解析：is根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述的是一般的客觀事實(shí)，且本句中賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。it指代上一句的runningregularly,是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。（2017?全國卷I）Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：is本句中的主語是fastfood,是不可數(shù)名詞短語，所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填is。（2016?全國卷H）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）oftenacceptable.解析：is主語是“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”，所以謂語用單數(shù)形式；此處表示客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。H.單句改錯(cuò)（2018?全國卷ni）Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.解析:includefincludes分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾place,關(guān)系代詞替代place在從句中作主語，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，謂語動(dòng)詞也使用第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。（2016?浙江高考）Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus. 解析：wasfwere從句中的主語是we,為復(fù)數(shù)，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用were。（2014?全國卷H）Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a.m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.解析：lookf100ks最后一句的主語是單數(shù)形式，所以謂語也用第三人稱單數(shù)，根據(jù)前文可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以用looks。（2014?遼寧高考）Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.解析：havefhas句子的主語為“Theearlymorningbarking”，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。（2014?陜西高考）Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain!解析：wasfwere句中主語是“thearrows"，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用were。［謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則］（一）并列主語的主謂一致.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上作主語的單數(shù)名詞用and,both...and連接，并表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但and連接的并列名詞如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名詞前沒有限定詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如theneedleandthread,theforkandknife,ironandsteel,mudandsand等。Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople..由each,every,no修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接多個(gè)并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Nosoundand(no)voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.Everyboyandeverygirlistreatedinthesamewayinourschool..由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso..等連接并列U主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它臨近的主語保持一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter..therebe,herebe后接幾個(gè)并列名詞時(shí)，謂語be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則。Thereisanorangeandfourbananasleft.(二)數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致“分?jǐn)?shù)+of/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of/therestof/plentyof/themajorityof/lotsof/alotof/aquantityof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一般取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。但quantitiesof…作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aquantityofwaterisneededforcoolingpurpose.=Quantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.“agreatdealof/alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但largeamountsof...作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.=Largeamountsofgrainhavebeeneatenbybirds.anumberof,avarietyof修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumberof,thevarietyof后接名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50,andanumberofthemarefromHebei.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修飾的主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于這些詞的數(shù)，而不是它們后面所跟名詞的數(shù)。Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.(三)其他情況的主謂一致.當(dāng)主語后帶有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等連接的成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于前面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。Thehouse,includingthegardenandthepark,wassold.Ithinktheboss,ratherthantheworkers,wastoblamefortheloss..在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。one前面如果有theonly/very修飾，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball..“morethanone/manya(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Morethanoneboylikestoplaybasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingbaseball..強(qiáng)調(diào)句itis/was...that/who…中，主句謂語總是用單數(shù)。Itishewhotellsusthenews..不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Toobeythelawiseveryone'sduty.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.Whyhediditwasveryclear..由兩部分構(gòu)成一個(gè)整體的物體名詞如shoes,trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果這類名詞前用了apairof,apieceof,akindof,aseriesof等來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與表示計(jì)量單位的名詞一致。Histrousersaretoolongtowear.Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebag.語法填空解題“3視角”.看主語人稱，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式.看充當(dāng)主語的詞(短語)，確定謂語動(dòng)詞形式⑴看到主語為動(dòng)名詞短語/todo不定式或從句，要想到謂語應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式；(2)看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語，要想到謂語的數(shù)取決于名詞。.看到therebe等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到用就近一致原則據(jù)第1條解題Thedesignonthebackshows(show)theyelloweyedpenguin,oneoftheworld'srarestpenguins.HavingtraveledfromChinathroughKazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,BelgiumandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containerswere(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.據(jù)第2條解題Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_is_covered(cover)withtreesnow,about80%ofwhichwere_planted_(plant)inthe1990s.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshas_caused(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagersovertheyears.據(jù)第3條解題NotonlyJasperbutalsohisfriendsare(be)planningtogo,becausetheyhaveneverbeentherebefore.Thereare_(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.短文改錯(cuò)解題“3原則”.通過“語法一致”原則解決主謂一致問題(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。(3)單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(4)主語后是艮有with,togetherwith,aswellas等引起的并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(5)復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)意義的詞，如news,maths,plastics,physics作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。.通過“意義一致”原則解決主謂一致問題⑴集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。2)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all,some,half,most,therest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。.通過“就近一致”原則解決主謂一致問題由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語或者在therebe句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。據(jù)第1條解題Comparedwithonlinegames,manytraditionalgames,likehideandseek,benefitskidsmentallyandphysically.benefits^benefitDr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,aregoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.arLis據(jù)第2條解題Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing._needsfneed98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.are^is據(jù)第3條解題Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowded,buteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely第一個(gè)wasfwereHerecomeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingCefcomes［語篇綜合檢測(cè)］I.語法填空IlostmylastdebateintherecentNationalHighSchoolAcademicDebate&SpeechTournamentheldinShanghai.Butinsteadoffocusingonmy__1__(fail),Istoppedtoreflectonmyexperiencesinthepastfewyears__2__adebater.Ingeneral,preparingfornewdebatetopicsusually__3__(include)brainstormingarguments,researchingaresolution(解決)，anddoingdebatepractice.Soifyouspotadebatinggroup,youmightseeussittingtogetherafterschool,orevenalldayatweekends,discussingargumentsandresearchingevidence.Youmightalsonoticeusarguing__4__(fierce)anywherewecan.Notonlyaretheysupportive,butmydebatefriendsalsohavesimilarpassionsandintereststomine.Aswediscussdebatetopics,myfellowdebatersandIcantalkaboutanything,from__5__bestwayofrehabilitating(改造)criminalstothenegativepointsoffreeimmigrationpolicies.However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway__6__(practice)ourdebatingskills.Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsider__7__(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.Tome,thedebatingcommunityisagreatplace__8__peoplehelpeachothernotonlybecausethey'reinterestedinahighercause,butbecausetheycareabouthowpeoplefromdifferent__9__(background)canleadbetterlives.I'mgratefultoeachofmydebatefriendsandeverysingleminutewegottospendtogether.Indeed,myhighschoollifewouldbeincompletewithoutthem.SoeventhoughI__10__(defeat)inmylastdebate,I'mstillthankfulforbeingpartofmywonderfuldebatefamily.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者雖然在一次辯論賽中失敗了，但停下來反思過去幾年作為一名辯手的經(jīng)歷，作者依然覺得獲益匪淺。failure考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞my可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，故填fail的名詞形式failure。as考查介詞。句意：但“我”并沒有把注意力集中到自己的失敗上，而是停下來反思過去幾年自己作為一名辯手的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意可知此處用介詞as,表示“作為“。includes考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句中主語為preparingfornewdebatetopics,是動(dòng)名詞短語，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。fiercely考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：你也有可能注意到在任何我們能辯論的地方我們都在激烈地爭(zhēng)論?？仗幮揎梐rguing,應(yīng)用副詞。the考查冠詞。形容詞的最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞the,故此處應(yīng)填the。topractice考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，我們的討論不僅僅是練習(xí)我們辯論技巧的一種方法。此處todo形式作定語。winning考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。在“我”看來，它們有助于我們變得鎮(zhèn)靜，也幫助我們考慮贏得辯論比賽和解決真正的問題。動(dòng)詞consider“考慮”后跟動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語。where考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為place,故用where。backgrou