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[模擬]考研英語模擬291

多項選擇

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Mostofusareunawareofourownmanagementstyle,letalonethose

ofourcolleagues.—1_aleadingpsychologist,temperamentplacesa

signatureorthumbprintoneachofouractions._2_temperament,

managerscanbedividedintofourgroups.

FirstistheTroubleshooter.His_3_areboldness,bravery,

endurance,andcleverness.Heisgoodat_4_firesandstraightening

things_5_.Helovestotakerisksandsolvecrises.Butheresents_6_

howtoworkandisnotverygoodatfollowing_7_agreements.Thesecond

istheTraditionalist.Astabilizerandconsolidator,hisabilities_8—

establishingpolicies,schedules,regulationsandhierarchy.Heis_9_

whenhecanplanhiswork.Butheestablishesaformal,impersonalstyle

indealingwithcolleaguesuntilheiswell_10_withthem.Thethird

istheConceptualiser.Heuseshisintellectto_11_complexities,to

getmodelsontopaper.Heisthearchitectofchangeandhisfocusison

possibility.Sinceheismoreinvolved_12_thecreativeprocess,he

prefersotherstotake_13_execution.ThelastistheCatalyst.Heis

personaland_14_.Hehastheabilitytodrawoutthebestinpeople

asheis_15_people-oriented.Heexcelsattheheadofdemocratically

runorganization.Butheletsotherpeople,s_16_eatupmuchofhis

time.Heisliable_17_makedecisions_18_hispersonallikesand

dislikes_19_whatisbestfortheorganization.

Tobeawareofthesetemperamentsistoappreciatethat

differencesareneitherflawsnorafflictions.Understandingthiscan

leadtoavoidingmuchmutual_20_andenhancingrelationshipwith

businessassociatesandcolleagues.

A.Asto

B.Accordingto

C.Asfor

D.Intermsof

參考答案:B

答案解析:

1

句意要求Accordingto,即根據(jù)一位重要心理學(xué)家的看法,人們的性情影響人

們的一切行動。語義正確。Asto和Asfor詞義相近:至于,涉及到;interms

of依照,依據(jù),三者都與句意不符。

第2題:

A.Basedon

B.Judgedfrom

C.Embeddedin

D.Rootedin

參考答案:A

答案解析:

句意要求Basedon,即管理者依據(jù)其性格不同可分為四類。judgedfrom(依

據(jù)來判斷);Embeddedin和Rootedin詞義相近:根深蒂固于,三者皆不

合句意。

第3題:

A.attributes

B.attitudes

C.altitudes

D.latitudes

參考答案:A

答案解析:

注意區(qū)分:attributes(品格);attitudes(態(tài)度);altitudes(高度);latitudes

(緯度),四個詞外表有點相似,但詞義差別甚大,句意分析,選用attributes

是對的:解決麻煩的能手的大膽勇敢、忍耐是其品格特征。

第4題:

A.settingon

B.turningon

C.puttingup

D.puttingout

參考答案:D

答案解析:

句中fire暗示答案是Puttingoutfire,直譯是滅火,意譯是解決問題,此處

正是用的這種詞義。seton著手,動身;turnon開;putup舉起,掛起。

第5題:

A.out

B.away

C.aside

D.over

2

參考答案:A

答案解析:

straightenout是詞組,表示解決、整頓、清理;away,aside,over都不與

straighten連用,英語中有straightenup,也表示清理,整頓。句意要求

straightenout:處理麻煩的能手善于解決問題,善于把事情處理得有條有理。

第6題:

A.totell

B.telling

C.beingtold

D.havingtold

參考答案:C

答案解析:

resent(憎惡)后邊常跟動名詞,此外,本句中,需要被動形式的動名詞,這兩

個條件決定只有beingtold可選,符合句意:處理困難的能手憎惡別人告訴他

如何去工作。

第7題:

A.through

B.on

C.up

D.about

參考答案:A

答案解析:

句中follow(ing)暗示要選through,因為followthrough是詞組,表示貫徹

執(zhí)行,貫徹到底。句意為:處理麻煩的能手非常不善于貫徹執(zhí)行一致作出的決定。

第8題:

A.relyon

B.liein

C.composeof

D.lieon

參考答案:B

答案解析:

relyon和lieon意思接近,依靠;composeof應(yīng)改為becomposedof故僅有

liein可用。句意為:傳統(tǒng)主義者的能力在于能夠制定政策和各種規(guī)定。

第9題:

A.onthetop

B.inhisprimeyears

3

C.atthebottom

D.athisbest

參考答案:D

答案解析:

onthetop應(yīng)改成onthetopof(在...上面,止匕夕卜)才對:inhisprimeyears

(在其最重要的年代);atthebottom(實際上),后二者都與句意不符,只

有athisbest可用:傳統(tǒng)主義者在規(guī)劃工作時狀態(tài)最佳。

第10題:

A.identified

B.distinguished

C.recognized

D.acquainted

參考答案:D

答案解析:

句中介詞with暗示應(yīng)選acquainted,因為是搭配,而[A],[B],[D]三個動詞

皆不與with搭配。bewellacquaintedwith與...非常熟悉,非常了解。

第11題:

A.embarkon

B.figureout

C.workat

D.figureon

參考答案:B

答案解析:

figureon(計劃,指望);embarkon(從事,著手);workat從事,研究。

句中complexities暗示答案是figureout。意思是:概念主義者利用其才智去

解決復(fù)雜問題。

第12題:

A.at

B.into

C.in

D.by

參考答案:C

答案解析:

句中involved暗示答案是介詞in,heinvolvedin(陷入,獻身于)是動詞搭

配,也符合句意:更多地參與創(chuàng)新過程。at,into,by等介詞均不與involve

搭配。

4

第13題:

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.for

參考答案:A

答案解析:

注意分辯:takeover(接管);takeup(開始作,占據(jù));takeon(承擔(dān),

采納);takefor(把...誤認(rèn)為,把....當(dāng)作),從句意分析,應(yīng)選takeover;

由于他(概念主義者)更多的參與創(chuàng)新過程,因此,只希望別人承擔(dān)去干就行了。

第14題:

A.personable

B.private

C.personnel

D.intimate

參考答案:A

答案解析:

句意要求Personable:這種善于用熱情和語言打動他人的人是有個性的、有風(fēng)

度的人。注意不要混淆personnel(全體人員:人事部)。

第15題:

A.partially

B.primarily

C.promptly

D.uniquely

參考答案:B

答案解析:

beprimarilypeople-oriented(以人為本的),符合句意:由于能以人為本,

所以他能使人們處于最佳狀態(tài)。

第16題:

A.privileges

B.promotions

C.priorities

D.emotions

參考答案:C

答案解析:

上下文要求選擇priorities,前一句講,這種人辦事民主,即讓他人講話,發(fā)

表意見,接下來,他人的這種權(quán)力就消耗了他很多時間,即發(fā)揚民主后要集中,

5

要集中就得花費時間。

第17題:

A.for

B.of

C.to

D.with

參考答案:C

答案解析:

句中beliable暗示要選to,beliabletodosth.,表示:常常會做...。

句意為:這種人(指有感染力的人)常常會做決定。注意,beliablefor表示:

對...負責(zé),后邊也不能跟動詞,故排除,而of,with不與liable連用。

第18題:

A.withrelationto

B.inspiteof

C.asto

D.onthebasisof

參考答案:D

答案解析:

句意要求:根據(jù)個人的好惡。所以,不能用withrelationto(與...相關(guān))

或inspiteof(不顧)或asto(關(guān)于)。

第19題:

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.instead

D.inplaceof

參考答案:B

答案解析:

morethan(多于,大于),instead不能用,應(yīng)是insteadof(what),inplace

of(代替),與句意不符,故只有ratherthan可選,句意為:這種人常常按照

個人好惡而不是根據(jù)公司最高利益做決定。

第20題:

A.aggravation

B.gravity

C.aggression

D.intensity

參考答案:A

6

答案解析:

句意要求aggravation,“了解這一點有助于避免相互間關(guān)系惡化,并改善商業(yè)

合作和同事間的關(guān)系”。gravity(重力),aggression(侵略),intensity

(強度),顯然這三個詞無法用于句中。

多項選擇

Althoughnooneiscertainwhymigrationoccurs,thereareseveral

theories.OnetheoryclaimsthatprehistoricbirdsoftheNorthern

HemispherewereforcedsouthduringtheIceAge.Astheglaciersmelted,

thebirdscamebacktotheirhomelands,spentthesummer,andthenwent

southagainastheiceadvancedinwinter.Intime,themigrationbecame

ahabitinspiteofthedisappearanceofglaciers.

Anothertheoryproposesthattheancestralhomeofallmodern

birdswasthetropics.Whentheregionbecameoverpopulated,manyspecies

werecrowdednorth.Duringthesummer,therewasplentyoffood,butduring

thewinter,scarcityforcedthemtoreturntothetropics.

Amorerecenttheorysuggestsarelationshipbetweenincreasing

daylightandthestimulationofcertainglands(腺)inthebirds'bodies

thatmaypreparethemformigration.Onescientisthasbeenabletocause

midwintermigrationsbyexposingbirdstoartificialperiodsofdaylight.

Hehasconcludedthatchangesoccurinthebodiesofbirdsduetoseasonal

changesinthelengthofdaylight.

第21題:

Accordingtoonetheory,whentheglaciersdisappeared,birds.

A.stoppedmigrating

B.continuedmigrating

C.stayedinthenorth

D.migratedsouthandstayedthere

參考答案:B

答案解析:

注釋:本題考查對文中細節(jié)的理解,題干里的theglaciersdisappeared是關(guān)

鍵詞語,依據(jù)是首段最后一句中的themigrationbecameahabitinspiteof

thedisappearanceofglacierso

第22題:

Theauthorstatesthatbirdsliftthetropicsbecause

A.therewasnotenoughfoodthereinthewinter

B.thereweretoomanybirds

7

C.thereweretoomanyglaciers

D.therewastoomuchdaylight

參考答案:B

答案解析:

注釋:本題依據(jù)是第二段前兩句,關(guān)鍵詞語是。verpopulated,意思是“數(shù)量過

3夕/”o

第23題:

Whydidonescientistexposebirdstoartificialdaylight?

A.Totesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandadiseaseoftheglands

commontobirds

B.Totesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandmigration

C.Totesttherelationshipbetweenmigrationandtemperature

D.Totesttherelationshipbetweendaylightandchangesintheseason

參考答案:B

答案解析:

注釋:本題依據(jù)是第三段首句,關(guān)鍵部分是arelationshipbetweenincreasing

daylightand...maypreparethemformigration。

第24題:

Accordingtothetheoryofphoto-periodism,.

A.birdsshouldmigrateinthemiddleofthewinter

B.longerdayscausechangesinthebodiesofbirds

C.seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaysdonotaffectmigration

D.increasingdaylightincreasesthedistanceofmigration

參考答案:B

答案解析:

注釋:本題解答依據(jù)在最后一句changesoccurinthebodiesofbirdsdueto

seasonalchangesinthelengthofdaylight,即“日照時間的季節(jié)性變化會

造成鳥類身體生理變化"由此推斷白天不論長還是短的變化都可能引起鳥類體

內(nèi)變化。故B.longerdayscausechangesinthebodiesofbirds正確。

第25題:

Thispassagesupportsthebeliefthat.

A.exactreasonsformigrationarenotknown

B.birdsmigratebecauseofchangesintemperature

C.theancestralhomeofallbirdswasthetropics

D.glacierscausedbirdstomigrate

參考答案:A

答案解析:

8

注釋:本題考查應(yīng)試者對作者態(tài)度的理解,文章客觀地介紹了關(guān)于候鳥遷徙的觀

,點,全篇除了首句Althoughnooneiscertainwhymigrationoccurs,...,其

他地方并沒有表露作者觀點。所以只能從這兒得出結(jié)論:exactreasonsfor

migrationarenotknowno

WhenIarrivedatafewminutesbeforeseven,Ifoundtheplatoon

assembledandreadytogo.Itwascold,andintheranksthemenwere

shiveringanddancingupanddowntokeepwarm.Iwasonlythe

second-in-commandoftheplatoonatthattime,underinstructionfroma

seniorlieutenant,whowastheplatooncommander.PunctuallyatsevenI

saidtoBroadhurst,“Marchoff,Sergeant,Totheaerodrome,atthedouble.”

Broadhurstaskeddoubtfullywhetherweshouldn,twaitforthe

platooncommander,whohadnotturnup.Unversedinthewaysofthearmy,

Isaid,“No,marchoff.Themenarecold."Wedoubledoff.

Threeorfourminuteslatertheplatooncommander,whohadabout

fourteenyearsofservice,appeared.Hewasinatoweringrage.Herushed

straightuptoBroadhurstandaskedhimfuriouslywhathemeantbymarching

offwithoutpermission.

Broadhurstsaid,"I'nisorry,sir.”

Myfeetwouldn,tmove.Mymouthwouldn,topen.Imadeagigantic

effortandsaid,"Sir—"ButthelieutenanthadgivenBroadhurstafinal

blastandtakencommand.IlookedatBroadhurst,buthewasbusy.After

paradeIapologizedtohim,butIneverexplainedtothelieutenant.

Broadhursttoldmetheincidentwasn,tworthworryingabout.

ItwastheworstthingthatIeverdidinthearmy,becausein

itIshowedcowardiceanddisloyalty.TheonlyexcusesIcouldfindfor

myselfwerethatithappenedquicklyandthatIwasveryyoung.Ithad

aresult,though.Ihadbeenfrightenedofthelieutenant,frightenedof

beingreprimanded,frightenedoffailureeveninthesmallestendeavor.

Idiscoverednowthatbeingashamedofyourselfisworsethananyfear.

Duty,orders,loyalty,obedience-allthingsboileddowntoonesingle

idea:Whatevertheconsequences,amanmustactsothathecanlivewith

himself.

第26題:

Thenarratorprobablygavetheordertomarchoffbecausehe

A.wantedachancetoshowhisauthority

B.wasconsiderateofthetroops

C.secretlywantedBroadhursttoreceiveareprimand

D.wantedtobeingoodfavorwiththetroop

9

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[B]意為:為士兵們著想。第一段指出,當(dāng)作者七點前到達的時候,士兵

們已經(jīng)排好了隊待命出發(fā)了,天氣很冷,隊里的每個人都打著寒戰(zhàn),上下跳動著

驅(qū)寒,所以,他七點鐘時準(zhǔn)時發(fā)出了出發(fā)的命令;在第二段,上士問作者是否等

排長來了再走,作為副排長的他回答道:不等了,出發(fā),士兵們都太冷了??梢?

他是因為可憐士兵們才不等排長到來就下命令出發(fā)的。

第27題:

Whichstatementcanmostsafelybemadeabouttheplatooncommander?

A.Herefusedtogivethenarratoranyinstructions.

B.HegavecommandofthetroopstoBroadhurst.

C.Heexpectedhissubordinatestoexecuteordersontheirown.

D.Heobservedarmycustomstotheletter.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[B]意為:他將部隊交給了布洛德赫斯特指揮(言外之意,根本沒把副排長放在

眼里)。在第二段中,當(dāng)作者向他下達出發(fā)的命令時,布洛德赫斯特產(chǎn)

生了猶豫,排長來后又直接質(zhì)問他為什么(自己沒有來就)下達出發(fā)的命令(第

三段);訓(xùn)斥完布洛德赫斯特后,排長下令出發(fā)??梢?,排長沒將指揮權(quán)交給作

者,來后也根本沒理睬作者。

第28題:

Itismostprobablethatbeforethisepisodetookplace.

A.planshadbeenmadeforthetroopstomarch

B.thenarratorhadnotbeentoldthetimeofdeparture

C.thenarratorhadgivenseveralotherincorrectorders

D.theplatooncommanderhadreliedgreatlyuponthenarrator

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[A]意為:已安排好了部隊什么時候出發(fā)。從第一段可以推測出,部隊

原定于七點出發(fā)。

第29題:

Thenarratordidn,tsayanythingwhentheplatooncommandershoutedat

Broadhurstprobablybecause.

A.hehadjustarrivedandthecommanderdidn'tknowhim

B.hewasatalosswhatwashappening

C.hewastooafraidtosayanythingatthetime

D.thecommanderdidn'tgivehimachancetotalk

參考答案:C

io

答案解析:

[C]在最后一段,作者對這個事件進行了自省,其中提到了自己的膽怯

(cowardice)。參閱第5題題解。

第30題:

Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassageis

A.LivingintheArmy

B.AFriendinNeed

C.ALessonLearned

D.YouthandDuty

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]意為:一次教訓(xùn)。作者在最后一段對這次經(jīng)歷進行了總結(jié),認(rèn)為,這

是他在當(dāng)兵期間做的最糟糕的事,因為在這件事上,他表現(xiàn)出懦弱、不誠實。他

能為自己找到的惟一理由是:事情發(fā)生在瞬間,來不及理智地反應(yīng);或者,自己

當(dāng)時還年輕。但是,無論怎樣解釋,結(jié)果是擺在那兒了。他現(xiàn)在感到,自慚形穢

是最糟糕的心理,責(zé)任、命令、誠實、服從一一所有這一切可以歸做一點:無論

結(jié)果如何,人必須學(xué)會原諒自己的過失??梢?,他從這次經(jīng)歷中得出不少教訓(xùn)I。

Everyyear,nearlyamillion12-to-19-year-oldsaremurdered,robbed,

orassaulted一manybetheirpeers一andthenumberofteensarrestedfor

murderhasincreasedashocking85percentsince1987,reportsBarbara

Kantrowitzin“WildintheStreets”,Newsweek*scoverstoryforAugust

2,1993.Althoughthegrowingproblemofyouthviolenceisfartoocomplex

foranyonesolution.Teachingyoungpeopleconflictresolutionskills,

thatis,nonviolenttechniquesforresolvingdisputesseemstohelp.To

reduceyouthviolence,conflictresolutionskillsshouldbetaughttoall

childrenbeforetheyreachjuniorhighschool.

Firstandmostimportant,youngpeopleneedtolearnnonviolent

waysofdealingwithconflict.Inadangeroussocietywheregunsare

readilyavailable,manyyoungstersfeeltheyhavenochoicebuttorespond

toaninsultoranargumentwithviolence.Iftheyhavegrownupseeing

familymembersandneighborsreacttostresswithverbalorphysical

violence,theymaynotknowthatotherchoicesexist.RobertSteinback,

aMiamiHeraldcolumnistwhoworkswithatriskyouthinMiami,writes

thatbehaviorlikecarryingaweaponorrefusingtobackdowngivesyoung

people“theillusionofcontrolv,butwhattheydesperatelyneedisto

learnrealcontrol一forexample,whenprovoked,towalkawayfromafight.

Next,conflictresolutionprogramshavebeenshowntoreduce

violentincidentsandempoweryoungpeopleinahealthyway.Manyprograms

andcoursesaroundthecountryareteachingpreteensandteenstowork

throughdisagreementswithoutviolence.Toolsincludecalmlytelling

one'sownsideofthestoryandlisteningtotheotherpersonwithout

11

interruptingorblaming-skillsthatmanyadultsdon,thave!Conflict

Busters,aLosAngelespublicschoolprogram,startsinthethirdgrade;

ittrainsstudentstobemediators,helpingpeersfindtheirownsolutions

toconflictsrangingfrom"sandboxfightstointerracialgangdisputes”,

accordingtoNewsweek.SchoolsinClaremont,Connecticut,runaconflict

resolutioncoursewrittenbyDr.LuzRivera,whosaidinaphoneinterview

thatfewerviolentschoolincidentshavebeenreportedsincethecourse

began.[1]Although!conflictresolutionisusefulatanyage,experts

agreethatstudentsshouldfirstbeexposedbeforetheyarehitbythe

doublejoltsofhormonesandjuniorhighschool.

Finally,althoughopponentsclaimthatthisisa“Band-Aid”

solutionthatdoesnotaddresstherootcausesofteenviolence一poverty,

troubledfamilies,badschools,anddrugs,tonameafew一infact

resolutiontrainingsaveslivesnow.[2]Thelargersocialissuesmust

beaddressed,buttheywilltakeyearstosolve,whereasteachingstudents

newattitudesand“peopleskillsvwillempowerthemimmediatelyandserve

themforalifetime.Althoughitisjustonesolutionamongmany,this

solutiontapsintogreatpower;thehearts,minds,andcharactersofyoung

people.

(510words)

1.assault[v.]突襲,突擊[同義]attack,onset,onslaught,

aggression

2.nonviolent[n.]非暴力的

3.columnist[nJ專欄作家

4.jolt[v.]震搖[同義]shake,shock

into兌進

[聽力原文]

參考譯文

每年有將近100萬12到19歲的孩子遭到攻擊、搶劫或者被謀殺,而這些

事件多數(shù)是他們的同齡人干的。因犯謀殺罪而被拘留的10來歲的孩子竟比1987

年增加了85%。這是BarbaraKantrowitz在《新聞周刊》1993年8月2號刊的

封面新聞《野蠻的街道》中報道的。盡管青少年暴力現(xiàn)象的增長情況非常復(fù)雜,

不是單獨一種方法就能解決的。教會青年人化解沖突的技巧,即用非暴力手段解

決爭端還是有用的。為減少青少年暴力,應(yīng)該在孩子升入初中前教給他們化解沖

突的技巧。

首先,同時也是最重要的是:青年人要學(xué)會非暴力地解決沖突。在這個槍

支隨處可見的危險社會里,許多青少年感到除了用暴力回答侮辱和爭吵外,他們

別無選擇。如果他們在一個一有緊張就會發(fā)生爭吵或打斗的家庭或鄰里長大,他

們或許不知道還有其他的解決方法。以問題青少年為工作對象的邁阿密《先驅(qū)報》

12

專欄作家RobertSteinback寫道,拿把武器或者拒絕讓步給年輕人一種“幻想

中的控制”的感覺,但他們迫切需要學(xué)會真正控制局面一一比如受到挑釁時應(yīng)該

走開進而避免打斗。

另外,化解沖突的節(jié)目已被播出,旨在減少暴力事件并使青年學(xué)會健康的

解決方式。遍及全國的節(jié)目及課程正教育青少年以非暴力方式解決問題。這些手

段包括平靜的解釋自己的情況并且傾聽對方的情況,而且不要打斷或指責(zé)對方一

一這是甚至一些中年人也不會的技巧。據(jù)《新聞周刊》報道,洛杉磯一所公立學(xué)

校從三年級就開設(shè)了名為“沖突終結(jié)者”,以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生成為調(diào)停人,學(xué)會幫助同

齡人找到解決沖突一一從雞毛蒜皮到種族問題的爭端一一的辦法??的腋裰莸?/p>

克萊蒙市的學(xué)校正在開設(shè)一門由LuzRivera博士編寫的如何解決沖突的課程。

在電話采訪中,LuzRivera博士說:自課程開始以來,報道的暴力事件已開始

下降。盡管矛盾解決技巧能適用于任何年齡段,但專家們認(rèn)為學(xué)生們應(yīng)該在經(jīng)受

荷爾蒙和初中階段問題困擾之前就受到這方面的教育。

最后,盡管有人反對說:這是一種“權(quán)宜式”的幫助,它不能解決青少年

暴力的根本原因一一貧窮、糟糕的家庭背景、差勁的學(xué)校以及毒品等因素。但這

種訓(xùn)練確實挽救了不少性命。這些重要的社會問題理應(yīng)得到重視,但解決它們要

花很多時間,而教會學(xué)生新的態(tài)度和待人處事的方法則會起到“立竿見影”的效

果,并且對他們一生都有好處。盡管現(xiàn)存方法只是諸多方法中的一種,但這種方

法對青少年的心靈和性格都產(chǎn)生了巨大的觸動。

第31題:

Itimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat

A.youthviolencewilldisappearaslongasyoungpeoplearetaught

conflictresolutionskills.

B.”wildinthestreetsvwasanarticleaimingatteachingyoungpeople

complicateresolutionskills.

C.therateofyouthviolencewillkeepincreasing.

D.toteachyoungpeopleconflictresolutionskillscan,tbetheonly

certaincureforyouthviolence.

參考答案:D

答案解析:

本題是推理判斷題,答案見第一段中Althoughthegrowingproblem...seemsto

help一句。

第32題:

Youngpeopleresorttoviolenceforallofthefollowingreasonsexcept

A.theyarefollowingsuitafterseeingviolencebehaviorsfrompeople

aroundthem.

B.thereisnobetterwaytoreacttoinsultsanddisputes.

C.theyhaveeasyaccesstoguns.

D.theyfeelempoweredbyusingviolence.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

13

本題是正誤判斷題,用排除法根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容排除[A],[C],[D]。

第33題:

Theauthorcomplainsinthethirdparagraphthat

A.youngpeopleintoday'ssocietyhavetoomuchpower.

B.therearenotenoughcoursesteachingyoungpeopletosolve

conflictsinapeacefulway.

C.somegrown-upsdon,tknowhowtosettledisputesinanonviolent

way.

D.studentsareexposedtoviolenceinsociety.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

本題是細節(jié)題。第三段介紹了Toolsinclude...,并指出這些是skillsthatmany

adultsdon,thave。

第34題:

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardconflictresolutionskills?

A.HeregardsitaBand-Aidresolution.

B.Hethinksthatittakeslongertimetocomeintoeffect.

C.Heholdsthatitsnegativesideoverweighsitpositiveside.

D.Hethinksthatitexertsfavorableinfluenceonyoungsters.

參考答案:D

答案解析:

本題是細節(jié)題,最后一段可見作者對conflictresolutionskills的看法。見

Thelargersocialissues...一句。

第35題:

Whatistheauthor'stoneinwritingthisarticle?

A.Biased.

B.Neutral.

C.Matter-of-fact.

D.Objective.

參考答案:A

答案解析:

本題是作者語氣題,跟第4題是相關(guān)聯(lián)的,作者對conflictresolutionskills

持肯定態(tài)度,故選A。

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessinUnitedStates

unprecedentedopportunitiesaswellasnewandsignificantrisks.Civil

rightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhy

Blacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishing

14

themselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersand

subcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,in

apparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederal

contractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminority

subcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththe

government.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofaras

tosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworks

contractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.According

tofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswith

minoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin

1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinesses

fortheearly1980,sisestimatedtoheover$3billionperyearwith

noletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.

Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreased

patronageposeddangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsrisk

expandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemost

aresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomake

substantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipmentinorderto

performworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontracts

areforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycrippling

fixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingfor

smallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesand

bids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany,s

effortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancial

healthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocash

inontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventures

withminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancesthereare

legitimatereasonsforjointventuresclearly,Whiteandminority

enterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquire

alone.Butcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershave

complainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas^fronts^withWhite

backing,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejoint

ventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofone

largecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming一and

remaining一dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fierce

competitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficult

forsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases;whensuchfirmshave

nearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymay

trulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrent

success.

15

第36題:

Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies.

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks.

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem.

D.analyzeafrequentsourceofdisagreement.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[B]討論少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的處境與潛在的問題。第一段第一句講:近幾年來,美國

的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)具有空前的發(fā)展機遇,但同時也存在著新的、巨大的危機。第3、

4兩句又講,現(xiàn)在國會已同意,根據(jù)法律少數(shù)民族企業(yè)可獲得50萬元以上的訂

單,的確,某些聯(lián)邦和地方機構(gòu)為少數(shù)民族企業(yè)確定了一定百分比的定單。第二

段用具體數(shù)字說明:根據(jù)1997年的數(shù)字,1972年少數(shù)民族企業(yè)得到的合同數(shù)值

為七千七百萬美元,到1977年,就增加到1億1千萬美元。預(yù)計到1980年初期,

每年可達到3億美元。盡管現(xiàn)狀很好,前景又光明,但是仍存在三個大問題,即

后邊講的risk,由此可見,本文中心議題是研討少數(shù)民族企業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及存在的

問題的。[A]關(guān)于少數(shù)民族的一般狀況及其不確定性。[C]提出暫時解決問題的

辦法。[D]分析經(jīng)常存在的分歧。

第37題:

Thewordupatronagevinthirdparagraphmightmean

A.support.

B.appointment.

C.treatment.

D.patrimony.

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[A]patronage在本文中相當(dāng)于support支持,保護,培植。請看該句內(nèi)容:看

起來,少數(shù)民族企業(yè)前景光明,但是,日益增長的支持對它們來講也出現(xiàn)了危機,

其后具體分析了三種危機。[B]任命,選派。[C]處理,解決。[D]世襲財產(chǎn),傳

統(tǒng)。

第38題:

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat,comparedwiththerequirementof

law,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(in

Line7)are

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations.

B.morespecific.

16

C.lesscontroversial.

D.lessexpensivetoenforce.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

[B]某些聯(lián)邦和地方機構(gòu)所確定(為少數(shù)民族企業(yè))的百分比指標(biāo)更加明確具體。

這是道推論題,答案可參

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