緊固件和結(jié)構(gòu)連接件培訓(xùn)講義

第23講：緊固件和結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Lesson23:FastenersandFramingConnectors1木產(chǎn)品的連接Connectingwoodproducts三種基本的連接：Threebasiccategoriesofconnections:木材和木材連接

Wood-to-wood木材和混凝土連接

Wood-to-concreteormasonry木材和鋼材連接

Wood-to-steel3木產(chǎn)品的連接Connectingwoodproducts結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件、覆面板同其它木產(chǎn)品或混凝土或砌體的連接有多種方法：Severalmethodscanbeusedtoconnectorreinforcejointsbetween

framingmembers,sheathingandotherwoodproductsorconcreteormasonry:緊固件（例如–釘子、碼釘、螺絲和螺栓）Fasteners(e.g.nails,staples,screwsandbolts)輕型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Lightmetalframingconnectors結(jié)構(gòu)用膠Constructionadhesives4木產(chǎn)品的連接Connectingwoodproducts現(xiàn)代梁柱式結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)有其他的連接方法：Othermethodsareusedforconnectionsinmodernpostandbeamandtraditionaltimberframeconstruction梁柱式結(jié)構(gòu)上一般使用特殊的重型金屬連接件，可以快速、經(jīng)濟(jì)地實(shí)現(xiàn)高強(qiáng)度的連接

Postandbeamtypicallyusesspecialheavymetalconnectorsforspeed,

economyandstrength傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)采用榫卯和木釘連接

Traditionaltimberframeusesjointgeometryandwoodenpegs在這兩種建筑中，連接件大多暴露在外作為建筑的一部分

Forbothformsofconstruction,connectionsareoftenexposed

asanarchitecturalfeature5重型金屬連接件Heavymetalconnectors現(xiàn)代梁柱式建筑的隱形連接Exampleofconcealedconnectionsformodernpostandbeamconstruction6木柱子和梁的連接

Woodposttowoodbeamconnection木柱子和混凝土的連接Woodposttoconcreteconnection重型金屬連接件Heavymetalconnectors現(xiàn)代梁柱式建筑中暴露在外的連接Exampleofexposedconnectionformodernpostandbeamconstruction7傳統(tǒng)細(xì)木工Traditionaljoinery傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的接頭樣式Examplesofjointsfortraditionaltimberframeconstruction8木釘用于緊固連接部位

Woodpegsusedtosecurejoint傳統(tǒng)細(xì)木工Traditionaljoinery傳統(tǒng)重木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑的接頭樣式Examplesofjointsfortraditionaltimberframeconstruction9釘子Nails釘連接是現(xiàn)代木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中最常見(jiàn)的連接方式Nailingismostcommonmethodtojoinmembersinmodernwoodframeconstruction釘子就像是削尖的螺栓被壓到木材中

Nailsaresharpenedmetalpinsdrivenintowood木質(zhì)纖維和釘子表面之間的摩擦力形成了釘子握釘力

Pressureofthewoodfibersagainstthesurfaceofthenailgiveititsholdingpower常見(jiàn)的釘子具有光滑的釘徑，也有扭曲的或者帶圈的釘子，握釘力更強(qiáng)

Nailsusuallyhavesmoothshanksbutcanbetwistedorringedforgreaterholdingpower10光滑的釘徑（常規(guī)的握釘力）

Smoothshank(normalholdingpower)麻花或者螺紋釘徑（增加的握釘力）

Twistedorspiralshank(increasedholdingpower)帶圈的釘徑（最大的握釘力）

Ringedshank(mostholdingpower)釘子Nails釘子種類Typesofnails普通釘是木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中最常用的釘子

Commonnailsareusedmostofteninwoodframeconstruction箱釘與普通釘外觀類似，但釘徑較細(xì)，釘頭偏小，不易使木材開(kāi)裂

Boxnailsaresimilarinappearancetocommonnailsbuthavethinnershanksandsmallerheadsmakingthemlesslikelytosplitwood雙頭釘有兩個(gè)釘頭，用于臨時(shí)性建筑或構(gòu)件（比如支撐，模板或腳手架等），便于拆除

Duplexnailshaveadoubleheadforeasilyremovalintemporaryconstruction(e.g.braces,formworkorscaffolding)11普通釘Commonnail箱釘Boxnail雙頭釘

Duplexnail釘子Nails釘子的釘尖形形狀決定其劈劈裂木材的力力度Shapeofanail’’spointaffectsitstendencytosplitthewood釘尖越尖，釘釘子越容易釘釘入Sharperpointmakesthenailactmorelikeawedgethanapunch釘尖越尖，越越易釘入，握握釘力越強(qiáng)，，同時(shí)也越容容易造成木材材開(kāi)裂Easiertodriveandresultsinhigherholdingpowerbutismorelikelytosplitthewood12鈍菱形釘尖:連接較硬木材材，減少劈裂裂Bluntdiamond(forharderwoodtoreducesplitting)長(zhǎng)菱形釘尖：：更易釘入Longdiamond(foreasierdriving)錐形釘尖：連連接木材和砌砌磚Conical(toattachwoodtomasonry)菱形釘尖：最最常見(jiàn)的釘尖尖形狀Diamond(mostcommonshape)釘子Nails釘子尺寸Sizesofnails釘子長(zhǎng)度尺寸寸范圍為13mm至150mmNailsarespecifiedbytheirlengthandrangefrom13mmto150mm美制用“便士士尺寸”（penny)表示普通釘子子尺寸，表示示為字母“d”，例如8d=64mm,10d=76mm,16d=89mmU.S.systemofmeasurementforcommonnailsisthe““penny”abbreviated‘d’

(e.g.8d=64mm,10d=76mm,16d=89mm)長(zhǎng)釘長(zhǎng)度大的釘子子稱作長(zhǎng)釘，，其長(zhǎng)度為100mm到350mmLargenailsarecalledspikesandrangefrom100mmto350mminlength13長(zhǎng)釘Spike釘子Nails釘子Nails三種基本釘釘釘方法：Threebasicmethodsofnailing:水平釘釘：三三種方法中連連接強(qiáng)度最大大Facenailing:strongestofthreemethods垂直釘釘：力力度偏弱，主主要用于連接接并對(duì)齊結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，再依依靠重力作用用和覆面板作作用力來(lái)加強(qiáng)強(qiáng)垂直釘釘?shù)牡倪B接強(qiáng)度Endnailing:muchweakerandusedprimarilytoholdframingmembersinalignmentuntilgravityforcesandsheathingisappliedtostrengthentheconnection斜向釘釘：正正確操作下，，連接強(qiáng)度幾幾乎與水平釘釘釘一樣強(qiáng)Toenailing:Correctlydone,canbealmostasstrongasfacenailing14水平釘釘Facenailing斜向釘釘Toenailing垂直釘釘Endnailing釘子Nails釘槍的使用可以有有效地提高施施工效率Usingaframingnailersignificantlyimprovesproductivity絕大多數(shù)是釘釘槍都是氣動(dòng)動(dòng)的Mostframingnailersarepneumatic兩種類型：排排釘槍和卷釘釘槍Twotypes:Stick-styleandcoil-style15卷釘槍Coil-styleframingnailer排釘槍Stick-styleframingnailer釘子Nails避免釘子釘入連接件過(guò)深或未完全釘入入，尤其是釘接覆覆面板時(shí)Avoidoverdrivingorunderdrivingfasteners,

especiallyforsheathing釘槍使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造造成釘子釘入過(guò)深深I(lǐng)mproperlyadjustedframingnailercanoverdrivefasteners釘子釘入不當(dāng)會(huì)減減弱連接強(qiáng)度，同同時(shí)也會(huì)減少覆面面板的剪力強(qiáng)度Improperlydrivennailsweakentheconnectionandreduceshearstrengthprovidedbysheathing連接墻體和屋面覆覆面板時(shí)，緊固件件釘入覆面板過(guò)深深，過(guò)深長(zhǎng)度不能能多于3mmForwallandroofsheathing,limitoverdriving

offastenerstoamaximumof3mm如果超過(guò)20%的緊固件件釘入過(guò)過(guò)深且過(guò)深長(zhǎng)度超超過(guò)3mm時(shí)，必須增加堅(jiān)固固件的數(shù)量Ifmorethan20%offastenersareoverdriven

morethan3mm,additionalfastenersmustbeadded16釘子應(yīng)與覆面板表表面平齊Nailsshouldbedrivenflushtothefaceofasheathingpanel釘子Nails17釘子與連接件表面面平齊Nailsareflush釘子釘入過(guò)深Nailsareoverdriven部分釘子未完全釘釘入Somenailsareunderdriven釘接連接件時(shí)務(wù)必必留意，切勿釘入入過(guò)深或未完全釘釘入Careshouldalsobeexercisedwhennailingconnectorstoavoidoverdrivingorunderdrivingfasteners釘子Nails釘釘子時(shí)對(duì)眼睛和和聽(tīng)力的保護(hù)非常重要Eyeandhearingprotectionareessentialwhendrivingnails有時(shí)釘釘子會(huì)有小小塊金屬碎片飛濺濺開(kāi)來(lái)Smallflyingmetalfragmentssometimesresultfromhammeringanail有時(shí)釘槍會(huì)意外走走火或打擊到別的的物體Framingnailerscanaccidentallyfireorstrikeotherobjects釘槍操作過(guò)程中會(huì)會(huì)攪動(dòng)灰塵和塵垢垢飛揚(yáng)Dustanddirtarestirred-upwhenaframingnailerisfired釘槍操作過(guò)程中會(huì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生非常大的噪音Framingnailersalsogenerateveryloudburstsofnoise18碼釘Staples專用的碼釘在特定定情況下可以替代代釘子Specialstaplescanbeusedincertainapplicationsinsteadofnails碼釘是U形的金屬堅(jiān)固件StapesareU-shapedmetalwirefasteners通常用于墻體或屋屋面覆面板與結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的連接固定定Typicalapplicationisforfasteningwallorroofsheathingtoframing與預(yù)先裝好碼釘?shù)牡拇a釘槍配套使用用Appliedwithastaplegunusingpre-packagedstripsoffasteners19覆面板碼釘Sheathingstaple螺絲釘Screws當(dāng)要求達(dá)到更強(qiáng)的的握釘力時(shí)，需要要使用木螺釘Woodscrewsareusedwhengreaterholdingpowerisrequired由于木螺釘?shù)某杀颈颈柔斪雍痛a釘都都高，且安裝更加加耗時(shí)，所以在木木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中很少少用木螺釘Regularwoodscrewsareseldomusedinframingbecausetheycostmorethannailsorstaplesandrequiremoretimetodrive但方頭木螺釘例外。方頭木螺釘釘?shù)尼旑^為六角或或四方形狀，使用用扳手而不是螺絲絲刀進(jìn)行固定Anexceptionarelagscrewswhichareheavywoodscrewswithasquareorhexheadthataredrivenwithawrenchratherthanascrewdriver20方頭木螺釘Lagscrew釘頭下方可松緊的的墊圈用于分擔(dān)荷荷載Loosewasherunderheadtodistributeload螺絲釘Screws21格柵橫托木用于支支撐陽(yáng)臺(tái)格柵Ledgerboardtosupportdeckjoists使用套筒扳手安裝裝木螺釘Lagscrewinstalledwithsocketwrench在格柵橫托木和外外墻間安裝隔塊Spacerinstalledbetweenledgerandexteriorwall螺絲釘Screws結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘正在逐逐漸取代木螺釘Structuralwoodscrewsarebeginningtoreplacelagscrews結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘是用更更高強(qiáng)度并經(jīng)過(guò)熱熱處理的鋼材加工工而成，達(dá)到強(qiáng)度度的最大化Structuralwoodscrewsaremadefromstrongersteelandheat-treatedtomaximizestrength結(jié)構(gòu)螺釘?shù)尼敿馄鹌鸬姐@頭的作用，，無(wú)需再鉆定位孔孔Pointofstructuralscrewsactasadrillbiteliminatingneedtodrillpilothole結(jié)構(gòu)螺釘比木螺釘釘?shù)牟僮鞲?，更更?jiǎn)單Muchquickerandeasiertoinstallthanlagscrews22結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘?shù)娜蟠笃放芓hreemajorbrandsofstructuralwoodscrews螺栓Bolts螺栓可以替代木螺螺釘或結(jié)構(gòu)木螺釘釘Boltscanbeanalternativetolagorstructuralwoodscrews螺栓分為兩種：機(jī)機(jī)械螺栓和車身螺螺栓Twotypes:machineboltsandcarriagebolts常用的螺栓直徑為為9.5mm到25mmCommonlyusedboltsrangefrom9.5mmto25mmindiameter位于螺母和機(jī)制螺螺栓栓頭下方的墊墊圈可以分布荷載載，減少擰緊螺栓栓時(shí)對(duì)木材的破壞壞Washersareusedundernutsandtheheadsofmachinebolts

todistributeloadsandlimitcrushingofthewood車身螺栓包括：-寬且方的栓頭，無(wú)無(wú)需墊圈-圓形螺栓軸肩，位位于栓頭下方。栓栓軸肩釘入木材，，可以在擰緊螺母母的的過(guò)程中防止螺栓栓發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)Carriageboltshave:-abroad,roundedheadthatneedsnowasher;and

-asquareshoulderundertheheadthatisforcedintothewoodtopreventtheboltfromturningasthenutistighten23機(jī)械螺栓Machinebolt車身螺栓Carriagebolt墊圈Washers螺栓Bolts輕型木結(jié)構(gòu)施工中中，螺栓有四種常常見(jiàn)應(yīng)用：Fourcommonapplicationsofboltsinwoodplatformframeconstruction:錨栓用來(lái)穩(wěn)固地梁梁板和混凝土基礎(chǔ)礎(chǔ)的連接（參見(jiàn)第第四講，19至22頁(yè)）Anchorboltstosecuresillplatestoconcretefoundations

(refertoLesson4,slides19to22)木釘或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件與與鋼梁鋼或鋼柱的的連接固定Attachingwoodnailersorframingmemberstosteelbeamsorcolumns連接固定大型的組組合木梁Laminatinglargebuilt-upwoodbeams穩(wěn)固重型金屬連接接件（尤其是抗震震連接件）Securingheavy-dutymetalconnectors

(especiallyseismicconnectors)24螺栓Bolts25木釘板與鋼梁一側(cè)側(cè)錨固，用于支撐撐樓板格柵托架Woodnailertoboltedtosideofsteelbeam

tosupportfloorjoisthangers錨栓Bolts26抗震連接件和混凝凝土基礎(chǔ)的錨固Bolttosecureseismicanchortoconcretefoundation抗震連接件和木構(gòu)構(gòu)件的錨固Boltstosecureseismicanchortowoodframing緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners釘子，碼釘，螺釘釘和螺栓上可以涂涂上各種涂料Variouscoatingsmaybeappliedtonails,staples,screwsandbolts當(dāng)緊固件暴露于室室外或潮濕室內(nèi)時(shí)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生腐蝕。。刷過(guò)涂料的緊固固件可以減少腐蝕蝕現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生Mostcommonreasontousecoatedfastenersistominimizecorrosionwhen

exposedtoweatherorwetindoorlocations被腐蝕的緊固件會(huì)會(huì)影響結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和和外觀Corrodedfastenerscanimpactbothstructuralstrengthandappearance另外部分涂料還可可以緊固件的抗握握釘力并美化外觀觀Somecoatingsalsoimproveholdingpowerandappearance27緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners部分涂料還可以提提高緊固件的握釘釘力，并美化緊固固件的外觀Somecoatingsalsoimproveholdingpowerandappearance例如，可以根據(jù)陽(yáng)陽(yáng)臺(tái)木材和裝飾材材料的樹(shù)種，來(lái)選選擇與之相配的陽(yáng)陽(yáng)臺(tái)螺釘涂料顏色色Forexample,deckscrewswithacolouredcoatingareoftenusedtomatchdifferentspeciesofwoodsandfinishes28緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners鋼制緊固件最常用用的涂料是鋅Mostcommoncoatingforsteelfasteners

istogalvanizethemwithzinc熱鍍鋅緊固件-將緊固件浸入具有有高強(qiáng)度耐腐蝕性性的熱熔鋅液中Hot-dippedgalvanizedfasteners–

fastenersdippedintomoltenzincthat

haveahighdegreeofcorrosionresistance電鍍鋅緊固件-價(jià)格較低，鋅涂料料較薄，耐腐蝕性性偏低Electroplatedfasteners–

lessexpensivebuthaveamuchthinner

zinccoatingandlessresistancetocorrosion29熱鍍鋅緊固件（左左圖）：表面顏色色比一般鋼材灰暗暗灰暗電鍍或不銹鋼緊固固件（右圖）Hot-dippedgalvanizedfasteners(left)

haveamuchdullerfinishthanplainsteel,electroplatedorstainlesssteelfasteners(right)緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners30鍍鋅釘子和金屬格格柵托架Galvanizednailsandmetaljoisthanger鍍鋅的木螺釘Galvanizedlagscrew無(wú)涂料，被腐蝕的的普通鋼制墊圈Corrodeduncoated

plainsteelwasher緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners不銹鋼緊固件比熱鍍鋅緊緊固件的防腐蝕性更強(qiáng)Stainlesssteelfastenersprovideanevenhigherlevel

ofcorrosionprotectionthanhot-dippedgalvanizedfasteners不銹鋼緊固件的抗抗腐蝕性可以分為為多個(gè)級(jí)別Stainlesssteelfastenersareavailableindifferentlevelsofcorrosionresistance304和305不銹鋼適用于絕大大數(shù)地區(qū)；沿海地地區(qū)建議使用316不銹鋼Grades304and305offersufficientprotectioninmostregionsbut

Grade316isrecommendedforcostalareas不銹鋼緊固件的缺缺點(diǎn)：-成本高-供應(yīng)有限D(zhuǎn)rawbacksofstainlesssteelfasteners:

-highcost

-limitedavailability31緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners通常使用熱鍍鋅或或不銹鋼緊固件固固定防腐木Alwaysusehot-dippedgalvanizedorstainlesssteelfasteners

withpreservative-treatedwood用于處理防腐木的的化學(xué)品對(duì)普通鋼鋼材有腐蝕性Chemicalsusedtotreatwoodarecorrosivetoplainsteel請(qǐng)勿使用電鍍鋅緊固件件（涂料不夠厚））Donotuseelectroplatedgalvanizedfasteners

(thecoatingisnotthickenough)32緊固件的耐久性Durabilityoffasteners不同的金屬材料不不能混合在一起使使用Donotmixdissimilarmetals不同的金屬接觸時(shí)時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生腐蝕現(xiàn)象象Corrosionresultswhenmostdissimilarmetalscomeincontact熱鍍鋅緊固件必須須和熱鍍鋅的連接接件一起使用，不不銹鋼緊固件必須須和不銹鋼的連接接件一起使用Galvanizedfastenersmustbeusedwithgalvanizedconnectorsandstainlesssteelfastenerswithstainlesssteelconnectors33不同的金屬接觸時(shí)時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致腐蝕產(chǎn)生生Corrosioncausedbydifferentmetalsincontact結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors連接件是用來(lái)連接接木材和木材、混混凝土或砌磚的五五金件Connectorsaremetalhardwareusedtojoinwoodtowood,concreteormasonry連接件可以是簡(jiǎn)單單的金屬板或金屬屬條，也可以是復(fù)復(fù)雜樣式的連接件件Connectorsrangefromsimpleplatesorstraps

tocomplexspecialtyitems每個(gè)連接件的名稱稱通常反映其功能能用途（例如：格格柵托架，地腳螺栓和椽條抗抗風(fēng)件等）Thenameofaspecificconnectoroftenrelatestoitsfunction(e.g.joisthanger,sillanchor,hurricaneraftertie,etc.)連接件讓結(jié)構(gòu)的連連接更堅(jiān)固和更簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)便Connectorsmakeframingconnectionsstrongerandeasier34結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors辛普森的Strong-Tie連接件主導(dǎo)了整個(gè)個(gè)住宅結(jié)構(gòu)連接件件行業(yè)SimpsonStrong-Tiedominatestheresidentialframingconnectorindustry項(xiàng)目的大多數(shù)說(shuō)明明規(guī)定都引用參考考辛普森的產(chǎn)品Mostspecificationsforprojectsreferenceitsproducts其他廠家常將自產(chǎn)產(chǎn)成品定位為“等等效于辛普森產(chǎn)品品”O(jiān)thermanufacturersoftenidentifytheirownproductsas““Simpsonequivalent”35結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors常用的結(jié)構(gòu)連接接件有：Commonlyusedframingconnectors:托架：用于樓板格柵，工字字梁，屋面桁架架和梁式桁架的的連接Hangersforfloorjoists,I-joists,rooftrussesandgirders柱帽和柱基座Postorcolumncapsandbases抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固固板或卯固件Seismicandhurricane/typhoontiesorholdowns36結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors樓板格柵托架Floorjoisthangers37帶隱蔽式凸緣的的樓板格柵托架架Floorjoisthangerwithconcealedflanges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樓板格柵托托架Standardfloorjoisthanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors工字梁托架I-joisthangers38側(cè)面固定的工字字梁托架FacemountI-joisthanger上方帶凸緣的工工字梁托架TopflangeI-joisthanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors屋面桁架/梁式桁架托架Rooftruss/girderhangers39屋面梁式桁架托托架Roofgirdertrusshanger端坡桁架托架Hip/jacktrusshanger結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors柱基座Postorcolumnbases40木柱與混凝土連連接的可調(diào)式連接件Adjustableelevatedwoodposttoconcreteconnector木柱與混凝土連連接的固定式連接件Fixedwoodpost

toconcreteconnector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors柱帽Postorcolumncaps41固定木梁和木柱柱的連接件Woodbeamtowoodpostconnector固定木梁和鋼柱柱的連接件Woodbeamtosteelcolumnconnector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固固板或卯固件Seismicandhurricane/typhoontiesorholdowns42結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固固板或卯固件Seismicandhurricane/typhoontiesorholdowns43結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors抗震和抗風(fēng)緊固固板或卯固件Seismicandhurricane/typhoontiesorholdowns44結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors連接件必須使用用質(zhì)量好、規(guī)格格尺寸正確的緊緊固件來(lái)安裝，，同時(shí)緊固件也也需要滿足廠家家的要求并符合合建筑規(guī)范的規(guī)規(guī)定Connectorsmustbeinstalledwiththequantity,typeandsize

offastenersspecifiedbythemanufacturerandthebuildingcodes緊固件尺寸類型型不符或安裝不不正確，會(huì)減弱弱和破壞連接效效果Incorrectfastenerselectionorinstallationcancompromisetheconnectorperformance4538mm83mm76mm64mm90mm結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors46結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors絕大多數(shù)緊固件件以90度角釘入連接件件Mostfastenersaredriventhroughconnectorsata90°angle也有部分緊固件件必須以45度角釘入連接件件Somefastenersmustbedrivenata45°angle47以90度角將緊固件釘釘入連接件和結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件Fastenerdrivenat45°angletoconnectorandframingmember以90度角將緊固件釘入連連接件和結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)構(gòu)件Fastenerdrivenat90°angletoconnectorandframingmember連接件上的圓頂頂狀表示需以45度角對(duì)緊固件釘釘釘Domeonconnectorindicatesthatfasteneristobeat45°快速釘入到位后后臨時(shí)固定連接接件‘Speedprong’topositionandtemporarilysecuretheconnector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors48通常在連接件上上蓋章標(biāo)明要求求用來(lái)安裝連接接件的緊固件類類型。Typeoffastenersrequiredtoinstallaconnectorisoftenstampedontheconnector結(jié)構(gòu)連接件Framingconnectors49圓孔-必須用特定的緊緊固件連接（例例如釘子，螺釘釘或螺栓）Roundhole–Mustalwaysbefilledwithspecifiedfastener

(e.g.nail,screworbolt)六角孔-只與特定的砌磚磚螺釘一起使用用Hexagonalhole–Onlytobeusedwithaspecialmasonryscrew菱形孔-在安裝連接件時(shí)時(shí)可以用來(lái)臨時(shí)時(shí)固定住連接件件Diamondhole––Canbeusedtotemporarilyholdaconnectorinplacewhileitisbeinginstalled連接件上的孔眼眼形狀同時(shí)表明明所需用的緊固固件類型和數(shù)量量Shapeofholesinaconnectoridentifynumberoffastenerstouse橢圓孔-所需緊固件類型型和圓孔一樣（（用特定的緊固固件連接）Ovalhole–Treatsameasroundhole(i.e.alwaysfillwithspecifiedfastener)三角孔-如果需要額外的的支撐力時(shí)，用用緊固件固定Triangularhole–Fillifextrasupportcapacityisneeded結(jié)構(gòu)用膠Constructionadhesives樓面板的安裝需需要使用結(jié)構(gòu)用用膠，除此以外外結(jié)構(gòu)用膠的使使用很有限Exceptforinstallingsubfloors,theuseof

structuraladhesivesforframingislimited絕大多數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)膠膠的連接處必須須緊實(shí)，同時(shí)在在可控的自然條條件下可以進(jìn)行行固化Mostadhesivejointsmustbeclampedandallowedtocureundercontrolledenvironmentalconditions因此，結(jié)構(gòu)用膠膠主要在生產(chǎn)工工程木產(chǎn)品（例例如膠合板，工工字梁，OSB板）的工廠使用用Asaresult,constructionadhesivesareusedmainlyinfactoriestoproduceengineeredwoodproducts

(e.g.plywood,I-joists,OSB,etc.)50術(shù)語(yǔ)表Glossaryofnewterms箱訂-與普通釘外觀類類似，但釘徑較較細(xì)，釘頭偏小小，不易使木材材開(kāi)裂Boxnail–Anailissimilarinappearancetoacommonnailbuthasathinnershankandsmallerheadmakingitlesslikelytosplitwood.普通釘-平滑釘頭，釘徑徑光滑；木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中最最常用的釘子Commonnail–Anailwithflatheadandplainshankthatisusedformostconnectionsinwood

platformframeconstruction.結(jié)構(gòu)用膠-一種強(qiáng)度膠合劑劑或膠水，用于于連接建筑材料料，尤其用于樓樓面覆面板與樓樓板格柵的粘接接Constructionadhesive–Aheavymasticorglue,usuallydispensedfromcartridge,thatisusedto

joinconstructionmaterials,especiallysubfloorpanelstofloorjoists.雙頭釘-有兩個(gè)釘頭，用用于臨時(shí)性建筑筑或構(gòu)件，比如如支撐，模板或或腳手架等，便便于拆除Duplexnail–Anailwithadoubleheadforeasyremovalintemporaryconstructionsuchasbraces,formworkorscaffolding.電鍍-在金屬表面上鍍鍍上一薄層金屬屬膜（比如鋅））的過(guò)程，可以以提高金屬緊固固件和連接件的的抗腐蝕性Electroplated–Aprocessforapplyingathincoating,suchaszinc,toincreasethecorrosionresistanceofsteelfastenersandconnectors.55術(shù)語(yǔ)表Glossaryofnewterms結(jié)構(gòu)連接件-金屬五金件，用用于木結(jié)構(gòu)和木木材，混凝土或或砌體的連接Framingconnectors-Metalhardwareusedtojoinwoodframingtowood,concreteormasonry.結(jié)構(gòu)釘槍-是一種靠空氣壓縮機(jī)產(chǎn)生生