2019年英語(yǔ)新外研選修八講義Module2SectionⅠIntroductionReading-Pre-reading

Ahiddenportraitunderneath(在……下面)the“MonaLisa”hasbeendiscoveredbyaFrenchscientist,whosaidheuncoveredtheimageusingreflectivelighttechnology.ThedigitallyreconstructedimageofthehiddenportraitwaspresentedatapressconferencebyscientistPascalCotte,who'sbeenanalyzingtheLeonardodaVinci'smasterpieceforoveradecade.Cottesaidheuncoveredtheimageusingacamerathattookimagesofthepaintingunderintenselight.Thehiddenportraitshowedasittingfigurethatlooksalmostthesameasthe“MonaLisa.”Therearesmallbutgreatdifferences.Thesitterintheimageappearstobelookingtothesideratherthandirectlyattheviewer,andthesitterdoesnotseemtohavethesmilethathasattracted“MonaLisa”viewersforover500years.Cottealsosaidthathisfindingschallengedthewidelyacceptedtheorythatthe“MonaLisa”isapaintingofareallifeItalianwomanLisaGheradiniinthe16thcentury.“TheresultschangeourvisionofLeonardo'smasterpieceforever，”hesaid.“WhenIfinishedthereconstructionofLisaGherardini,Iwasinfrontoftheportrait,andsheistotallydifferentto‘MonaLisa’today.Thisisnotthesamewoman.”Inarecentdocumentary,arthistorian,AndrewGraham-Dixon,saidhestudiedhistoricaldocumentslinkedtothe“MonaLisa”alongsideCotte'sfindingsandcametothesameconclusionasCotte.“Ithinkthenewdiscoveriesarelikeahugestonethrownintothestillwaterofarthistory，”Graham-Dixonsaid.“Theydisturbeverythingthatwethoughtthatweknewaboutthe‘MonaLisa’．Theremaybesomereluctance(不情愿)onthepartoftheauthoritiestothinkaboutchangingthetitleofthepaintingbecausethat'swhatwe'retalkingabout.It's‘Goodbye,MonaLisa.’Sheissomebodyelse.”TheLouvreMuseumdeclinedtoSection_ⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)]TheRenaissance①Formanypeople,theRenaissancemeans14thto16thcenturyItaly,andthedevelopmentsinartandarchitecture,musicandliteraturewhichtookplacethereatthattime②.Butthereisoneworkwhich,perhapsmorethananyother,expressesthespiritoftheRenaissance③：theMonaLisa.Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleof④anewlifelike⑤styleofpaintingthatamazed⑥peoplewhenitwasfirstused⑦.PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyears1503－1506⑧，theMonaLisaisamysterious⑨masterpiece⑩.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisais,andwhysheissmiling?.EvenifpeopledonotknowmuchabouttheRenaissance?，theyhaveheardofthispainting.[讀文清障]①renaissance/rI'neIs?ns/n.(文藝的)復(fù)興②which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾developments。③which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾onework。④Itisbelievedtobe...“它被認(rèn)為是……”，此處的it指代theMonaLisa。⑤lifelikeadj.栩栩如生的，逼真的⑥amazev．使大為驚奇，使驚愕⑦that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾painting；該從句中含有一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。⑧過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。⑨mysteriousadj.神秘的⑩masterpiecen．杰作，名作，佳作，代表作(＝masterwork)?and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。?Evenif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。文藝復(fù)興[第1段譯文]對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，文藝復(fù)興指的是14－16世紀(jì)時(shí)期的意大利，及其當(dāng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)在藝術(shù)、建筑、音樂(lè)以及文學(xué)領(lǐng)域方面的發(fā)展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表達(dá)文藝復(fù)興的精神——《蒙娜·麗莎》。它被認(rèn)為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格的最好代表，這種繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格首次被使用就使人們驚嘆不已?！睹赡取惿酚扇R奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇于1503到1506年間繪制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人們想知道蒙娜·麗莎是誰(shuí)，她又為什么在笑。即便是對(duì)文藝復(fù)興了解不多的人，他們也都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這幅作品。ButtheRenaissanceis,ofcourse,morethan?justMonaLisa.RenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”?anditfirstappearedinEnglishinthe19thcentury.Thewordwasusedto?describeaperiodinEuropeanhistorywhichbeganwiththearrivalofthefirstEuropeansinAmerica?，anageofexploration,andthebeginningofthemodernworld.ItwasasifEuropewaswakingup?afterthelongsleepoftheMiddleAges?.FromItaly,theideasoftheRenaissancerapidlyspread?northwards?toFrance,Germany,England,andtherestofEurope.Tradewithotherpartsoftheworldmeanteq\o(○,\s\up1(21))thatEuropewasgettingricher,too.Thismeantthatpeoplehadmoneytospendontheartseq\o(○,\s\up1(22))；anditbecameeasierforartiststofindpeoplewhocouldaffordtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))buytheirworksoremploythemeq\o(○,\s\up1(24)).LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofMilan,and,towardseq\o(○,\s\up1(25))theendofhislife,theKingofFrance.?morethan不僅僅；很，非常，十分nomorethan不過(guò)，僅僅notmorethan至多，不超過(guò)?which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞aFrenchword。?beusedtodosth.被用來(lái)做某事beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事?which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾aperiod。?wakeup醒來(lái)，覺(jué)醒，喚醒，弄醒?asif引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。?spreadv．伸展，蔓延，擴(kuò)散?northwardsadv.向北southwardsadv.向南eastwardsadv.向東westwardsadv.向西eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))meanv．意思是，意味著eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾money。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))affordtodo承擔(dān)得起去做……；抽得出時(shí)間去做……eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)；who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾people。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))towardsprep.接近，靠近[第2～3段譯文]但是，文藝復(fù)興當(dāng)然不僅僅只是《蒙娜·麗莎》?！癛enaissance”是一個(gè)法語(yǔ)單詞，意為“再生”，于19世紀(jì)首次出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中。這個(gè)詞被用來(lái)描繪隨著首批歐洲人抵達(dá)美洲而開(kāi)始的那段歐洲歷史，這是一段探險(xiǎn)的歷史，也是現(xiàn)代世界史的開(kāi)端。仿佛歐洲在經(jīng)歷了中世紀(jì)的長(zhǎng)眠之后，就要蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了。從意大利開(kāi)始，文藝復(fù)興的觀念很快向北傳遍了法國(guó)、德國(guó)、英國(guó)以及歐洲其他地方。,與世界其他地方的貿(mào)易意味著歐洲也正在變得更加富裕。也就是意味著人們有錢(qián)來(lái)花費(fèi)在藝術(shù)上，對(duì)于藝術(shù)家來(lái)說(shuō)想要找到人來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)他們的作品或者雇用他們也就變得更加容易。萊奧納多為一些重要的人物工作過(guò)，比如米蘭的公爵，接近晚年時(shí)他曾經(jīng)為法國(guó)國(guó)王工作過(guò)。Renaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassicaleq\o(○,\s\up1(26))GreeceandRome.Buttheylookedforwardeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))，too,byopeningnewfrontierseq\o(○,\s\up1(28))inthearts.Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))andtheeffectsoflight;composersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphonyeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))(“manyvoices”);architectspreferredeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))designingbuildingswithmorelightwhichcontrastedeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))withtheheavinessoftheGothiccathedralseq\o(○,\s\up1(33))oftheMiddleAges.Thesenseofexplorationwhichmotivatedeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))theartistseq\o(○,\s\up1(35))wenthandinhandeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))withanewtypeofphilosophy.Aftercenturiesofacceptingamedievalworldvieweq\o(○,\s\up1(37))inwhichhumanlifewasconsideredoflittlevalueeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))comparedwiththegreatnessofGodeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))，philosophersbeganaskingquestionslike“Whatisaperson？”or“WhyamIhere？”Forthefirsttime,theyputpeople,notreligion,atthecentreoftheuniverse.eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))classicaladj.古典的，古典藝術(shù)的classic古典的，傳統(tǒng)的；典型的，經(jīng)典的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))lookforward展望未來(lái)lookforwardto期待，盼望(to為介詞)eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))frontier/?fr?n'tI?/n.新領(lǐng)域eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透視(畫(huà))法；透視效果；透視感eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))polyphony/p?'lIf?ni/n.復(fù)調(diào)音樂(lè)(作品)eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))preferv．寧愿(選擇)，更喜歡(后可接動(dòng)名詞或不定式)eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))contrastv．&n.比較，對(duì)照contrast(sth.)withsth.與……對(duì)比eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))cathedral/k?'θi?dr?l/n.大教堂eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))motivate/'m??tI?veIt/v.激發(fā)，激勵(lì)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thesenseofexploration。eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))handinhand手拉手，密切關(guān)聯(lián)eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾view。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))ofvalue＝valuableeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。[第4～5段譯文]文藝復(fù)興的藝術(shù)家從古希臘以及古羅馬文獻(xiàn)中為他們的作品尋找新點(diǎn)子。而他們也通過(guò)開(kāi)辟新的藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域來(lái)展望未來(lái)。畫(huà)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣利用透視和光的作用；作曲家們將不同的聲音合到一起創(chuàng)造了復(fù)調(diào)音樂(lè)；相比較于中世紀(jì)哥特式教堂的沉重來(lái)說(shuō)，建筑師們則更喜歡設(shè)計(jì)更加光亮的建筑。這種激勵(lì)藝術(shù)家的探索意識(shí)與一種新的哲學(xué)攜手共進(jìn)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，哲學(xué)家們都持有中世紀(jì)的世界觀，認(rèn)為與上帝的偉大相比人的生命很渺小，現(xiàn)在他們開(kāi)始提出諸如“人為何物？”以及“我為何存在？”這樣的問(wèn)題。有史以來(lái)第一次，他們將人而不是宗教放在了宇宙的中心。TheRenaissancewasatimeofscientificinvention,too.Leonardo,aswellaseq\o(○,\s\up1(40))beingoneofthegreatestpainterstheworldhaseverknowneq\o(○,\s\up1(41))，wasalsoaskilledeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))inventor.Whereverhewenteq\o(○,\s\up1(43))，hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideaseq\o(○,\s\up1(44)).Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges，andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuilteq\o(○,\s\up1(45))untileq\o(○,\s\up1(46))hundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachuteseq\o(○,\s\up1(47))，submarineseq\o(○,\s\up1(48))andtankseq\o(○,\s\up1(49)).TowardstheendofhislifehewasemployedbytheKingofFrancetodoscientificresearch,andhedidnothavealotoftimeforpainting.Inshorteq\o(○,\s\up1(50))，Leonardowasanextraordinaryeq\o(○,\s\up1(51))genius,anexampleofwhathasbeendescribedaseq\o(○,\s\up1(52))“Renaissanceman”eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))：someoneinterestedineverythingandwithmanydifferenttalentseq\o(○,\s\up1(54)).ButevenifhisonlycontributiontohistoryhadbeentheMonaLisaeq\o(○,\s\up1(55))，itwouldhavebeengeniusenoughforalltime.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))aswellas(＝inadditionto)以及eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))此處為省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾thegreatestpainters。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))skilled/skIld/adj.有技巧的，熟練的beskilledat/in在……方面有技巧eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))wherever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾notebook。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾machines。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))not...until...直到……才……eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))parachute/'p?r???u?t/n.降落傘eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))submarine/'s?bm?ri?n/n.潛艇eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))tank/t??k/n.坦克eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))inshort總之，簡(jiǎn)言之eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))extraordinaryadj.非凡的，出色的，異乎尋常的，令人驚奇的eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))describe...as...把……描繪成……eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)和介詞短語(yǔ)都作someone的定語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))evenif“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。[第6～7段譯文]文藝復(fù)興也是一個(gè)科學(xué)發(fā)明層出不窮的時(shí)代。作為舉世公認(rèn)的最偉大的畫(huà)家之一，萊奧納多同時(shí)也是一個(gè)熟練的發(fā)明家。不管走到哪里他都隨身攜帶一個(gè)筆記本，以便隨時(shí)記錄下自己的想法。這些包括人體的細(xì)致素描、供工程師建造運(yùn)河以及橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)以及一些令人震驚的成百上千年后才被造出來(lái)的機(jī)器制圖，如飛機(jī)、降落傘、潛水艇以及坦克。在生命晚年，他受法國(guó)國(guó)王委托去做一些科學(xué)研究，所以很少有時(shí)間從事繪畫(huà)創(chuàng)作。簡(jiǎn)言之，萊奧納多是一個(gè)非凡的天才，一個(gè)被描繪成“文藝復(fù)興人物”的典范：一個(gè)對(duì)凡事皆有興趣并有諸多才能的人。但即使他對(duì)歷史的貢獻(xiàn)僅僅是一幅《蒙娜·麗莎》，這也已經(jīng)足夠成為恒久的天才作品。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．subjectA．breakingthecalmofsth./sb.;causingworry2．dullB．notbrightorclear;lackinginterest3．disturbingC．darknessorcoolnesscausedbysth.;blockingdirectlightorheat4．basicallyD．tobeinthereasonfor;tomakesb.wanttodosth.5．shadeE．havingenoughability;skillful6．effectF．a(chǎn)phenomenonthatfollowsandiscausedbysomepreviousphenomenon7．motivateG．a(chǎn)thingorpersonthatisbeingdiscussed,describedordealtwith8．skilledH．inthemostimportantways,withoutconsideringthingsthatarelessimportant1～5________________6～8________________答案：1～5GBAHC6～8FDELead-inDoyoulikepainting?Canyounamesomefamouspaintersathomeandabroad?Lookatthefollowingpicturesandfindoutwhopaintthem.1．Xu_Beihong2.Van_GoghWhile-readingFast-reading(Ⅰ)What'sthegeneralideaofthepassage?The_meaning_of_Renaissance,_the_representative_figures_and_their_works.(Ⅱ)Skimthetextandmatcheachparagraphwiththeirmainideas.1．Para.1A．Renaissanceartistsformedthenewideasforpainting,music,andarchitecture.2．Para.2 B．Leonardo'sinfluenceonhistory.3．Para.3C．SomethingthatLeonardodidasaskilledinventor.4．Para.4D．TheintroductionoftheMonaLisa.5．Para.5E．TheimplicationoftheRenaissance.6．Para.6F．Achangeinideasaboutreligion.7．Para.7G．ThedevelopmentoftradebecomesoneofthefactorsoftheRenaissance.答案：1～5DEGAF6～7CBCareful-reading(Ⅰ)Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．TheMonaLisaisbelievedtobe________.A．paintedintheyears1513－1516B．paintedbyLeonardodaVinciC．oneofthebestpaintingsintheRenaissanceD．keptinChina2．TheRenaissance________.A．isnotmorethanjustMonaLisaB．isanEnglishwordC．means“rebirth”D．firstappearedinEnglishinthe15thcentury3．WhichofthefollowingshowsthetradeduringtheRenaissance?A．Europewasgettingfatterthanbefore.B．LeonardoworkedforimportantpeoplesuchastheDukeofGermany.C．Peoplecouldn'taffordtobuytheartists'worksoremploythem.D．Richpeoplespentmoneyonarts.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Paintersdiscoveredhowtouseperspectiveandtheeffectsoflight.B．Composersputdifferentvoicestogetherandcreatedpolyphony.C．Architectspreferredtodesignbuildingswithmorelight.D．Theylookedback,too,byopeningnewfrontiersinthearts.5．Leonardo________.A．isnotonlythegreatestpainterbutalsoaskilledinventorB．istheMonaLisaC．wasanordinarygeniusD．hasbeendescribedasaRenaissancewoman答案：1～5BCDDA(Ⅱ)Completethefollowingformaccordingtothepassage.ThemeaningoftheRenaissancePara.1TheRenaissancerefersto14thto16thcentury1.Italy,_andthedevelopmentofart,architecture,musicandliteraturethere.Thefamouspainting,theMonaLisa,isagoodexampleoftheRenaissance2.spirit.Para.2Renaissancemeans3.“rebirth”inFrench,anditwasusedtoshowthattheEuropeanshad4.woken_upaftertheirlongsleepinthelongMiddleAges.Thebackgro-undoftheRenaissancePara.3InternationaltrademadetheEuropeansricher,sotheyhadextramoneyto5.spendonthearts.AchievementsoftheRenaissancePara.4Renaissanceartistsfoundnewideasfortheirworkinclassical6.Greece_and_Rome.Para.5Thesenseof7.explorationmotivatedtheartistswithanewtypeofphilosophyandtheyput8.peopleatthecenteroftheuniverse.Para.6TheRenaissancewasatimeof9.scientific_invention.DaVinciwasoneoftheskilledinventorsatthattime.Para.7DaVinci,whowasinterestedineverythingandhadmanydifferenttalents,wasagoodexampleof“10.Renaissance_man”.Study-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthepassage.1．Itisbelievedtobethebestexampleofanewlifelike-styleofpaintingthatamazedpeoplewhenitwasfirstused.[句式分析]Itisbelievedto_be_the_best_example_...ofpainting主語(yǔ)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)that_amazed_peoplewhen_it_was_first_used.定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句[嘗試翻譯]它被認(rèn)為是一種新的形象逼真型繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格的最好代表，這種繪畫(huà)風(fēng)格首次被使用就使人們驚嘆不已。2．Whereverhewent,hecarriedanotebookaroundwithhim,inwhichhewrotedownhisideas.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]不管走到哪里，他都隨身攜帶一個(gè)筆記本，以便隨時(shí)記錄下自己的想法。3．Theyincludeddetaileddrawingsofthehumanbody,plansforengineerstobuildcanalsandbridges,andastonishingdrawingsofmachineswhichwerenottobebuilthundredsofyearslater,suchasaeroplanes,parachutes,submarinesandtanks.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句；主句中They是主語(yǔ)，astonishing前面的and連接三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞machines。[嘗試翻譯]這些包括人體的細(xì)致素描、供工程師建造運(yùn)河以及橋梁的設(shè)計(jì)以及一些令人震驚的成百上千年后才被造出來(lái)的機(jī)器制圖，如飛機(jī)、降落傘、潛水艇以及坦克。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AMichelangeloBuonarrotiwasborninCaprese,ItalyonMarch6,1475.HewasstillyoungwhenhisfamilymovedtoFlorencewhereMichelangelogrewup.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasonlysixyearsold.GrowingupinFlorenceduringtheItalianRenaissancewastheperfectstageofyoungMichelangelo'slife.Evenasachildallhewantedtodowaspaintingandtobeanartist.Attheageofthirteen,hewenttolearnfromDomenicoGhirlandaio,whowasnotonlyapainterbutalsoanartist.Michelangelo'stalentsbecameapparentasheworkedforDomenico.WithinayearorsoDomenicosenthimtothepowerfulMedicifamilytocontinuehistrainingunderthesculptor(雕刻家)BertoldodiGeovanni.Michelangelowasabletoworkwithsomeofthefinestartistsandphilosophersofthetime.Duringthenextfewyears,MichelangeloproducedmanyfamoussculpturesincludingMadonnaoftheSteps,BattleoftheCentaursandBacchus.In1496MichelangelomovedtoRome.AyearlaterhewasaskedtomakeasculpturecalledThePieta.ItwouldbecomeoneofthemasterpiecesofRenaissanceart.TodaythissculpturesitsinSt.Peter'sBasilicaintheVatican.ItistheonlypieceofartthatMichelangelosigned.Michelangelo'sfame(名聲)asagreatartistbegantogrow.HereturnedtoFlorenceandwasaskedtocreatealargestatueofDavid.Ittookhimacoupleofyearstofinishthegiantstatue.Thepieceofmarble(大理石)hebeganwithwasverytallandthin.Manypeopledidn'tthinkhecoulddomuchwithit.Heworkedwithoutlettinganyoneseeituntilitwasfinished.DavidbecameMichelangelo'smostfamousworkofart.ItisthirteenfeettallandisthelargeststatuemadesinceAncientRome.Itisconsideredbymanyexpertsinarttobeanearlyperfectsculpture.TodaythestatuesitsattheAcademyofFineArtsinFlorence,語(yǔ)篇解讀：米開(kāi)朗基羅·博那羅蒂是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期著名的藝術(shù)家，本文向我們介紹了一些他的生平事跡。1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMichelangeloasayoungchild?A．Helivedaveryhardlife.B．Heshowedgreatinterestinart.C．HewantedtogotoFlorenceverymuch.D．Hedidn'thavemuchtimetolearnpainting.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Evenasachildallhewantedtodowaspaintingandtobeanartist.”可推斷，米開(kāi)朗基羅小時(shí)候就對(duì)藝術(shù)很感興趣。2．MichelangelowassenttoworkunderthesculptorBertoldodiGeovannimostprobablybecause________.A．MichelangelohadlosthisinterestinpaintingB．Domenicodidn'tthinkMichelangelohadagiftforpaintingC．BertoldodiGeovanniofferedtoshowMichelangelosculpturesD．DomenicowantedMichelangelotomakebetteruseofhisgiftthere解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Michelangelo'stalentsbecameapparentasheworked...thesculptor(雕刻家)BertoldodiGeovanni.”可推斷，多梅尼科是為了米開(kāi)朗基羅能更好地利用自己的天賦才把他送到BertoldodiGeovanni那里去工作的。3．WhatsculpturebyMichelangelowillyouseeinSt.Peter'sBasilica?A．Bacchus.B．ThePieta.C．MadonnaoftheSteps.D．BattleoftheCentaurs.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“AyearlaterhewasaskedtomakeasculpturecalledThePieta.ItwouldbecomeoneofthemasterpiecesofRenaissanceart.TodaythissculpturesitsinSt.Peter'sBasilicaintheVatican.”可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。4．WhenMichelangelobeganhisworkoncreatingalargestatueofDavid,manypeople________.A．couldn'twaittomakefunofhisworkB．thoughthewouldfinishitwithinmonthsC．knewitwouldbehismostfamousworkofartD．didn'tthinkhewouldmakegooduseofit解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Manypeopledidn'tthinkhecoulddomuchwithit.”可知，一開(kāi)始很多人認(rèn)為那塊大理石不適合雕刻那個(gè)作品。BLeonardodaVinci,thesonofalocallawyer,wasbornon15April1452neartheTuscantownofVinci.Hewasapprenticed(做學(xué)徒)tothesculptorandpainterAndreadelVerrocchioinFlorenceandin1478becameanindependentmaster.Inabout1483,hemovedtoMilantoworkfortheruling(統(tǒng)治的)Sforzafamilyasanengineer,sculptor,painterandarchitect.LeonardowasinMilanuntilthecitywasinvadedbytheFrenchin1499andtheSforzafamilywasforcedtoflee.HemayhavevisitedVenicebeforereturningtoFlorence.DuringhistimeinFlorence,hepaintedseveralportraits,buttheonlyonethatsurvivesisthefamousportrait—theMonaLisa(1503－1506).In1506,LeonardoreturnedtoMilan,stayingthereuntil1513.ThiswasfollowedbythreeyearslivinginRome.In1517,attheinvitationoftheFrenchKingFrancisⅠ，LeonardomovedtotheChateauofCloux,nearAmboiseinFrance,wherehediedon2May,1519.ThefameofLeonardo'ssurvivingpaintingsmeansthathehasbeenregardedprimarilyasanartist,butthethousandsofsurvivingpagesofhisnotebooksshowthemostbrilliantmind.Hewroteanddrewonsubjectsincludinggeology,anatomy(解剖學(xué)),whichhestudiedinordertopaintthehumanformmoreexactly.He“invented”thebicycle,airplane,helicopter,andparachutesome500yearsaheadoftheirtime.Ifalltheseworkshadbeenpublishedinanunderstandableform,Leonardo'splaceasapioneeringscientistwouldhavebeenbeyonddebate.Yethistruegeniuswasnotasascientistoranartist,butasacombinationofthetwo:anartist-engineer.Hispaintingwasscientific,basedonadeepunderstandingoftheworkingsofthehumanbodyandthephysicsoflightandshade.Hissciencewasexpressedthroughart,andhisdrawingsanddiagramsshowedwhathemeant,andhowheunderstoodtheworldworked.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了達(dá)·芬奇的生平以及其在繪畫(huà)、科學(xué)等方面的成就。)5．Leonardo'scareerreacheditspeakprobablyduringhisstayin________.A．Milan B．VeniceC．Florence D．Rome解析：選C推理判斷題。從第二段最后一句可知，達(dá)·芬奇在佛羅倫薩期間創(chuàng)作了很多繪畫(huà)，其中留下來(lái)的只有《蒙娜·麗莎》，由此推斷，這個(gè)時(shí)期是他事業(yè)的巔峰。6．WhydidLeonardostudyanatomy?A．Hewantedtobeadoctor.B．Hehadstronginterestinit.C．Hewantedtoinventotherobjects.D．Hewantedtopaintthehumanformexactly.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第二段可知，達(dá)·芬奇研究解剖學(xué)的目的是為了更加精確地描繪人體。7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A．Leonardohadaspecialwayofpainting.B．Leonardowasbothanartistandascientist.C．Leonardowasanartistinsteadofascientist.D．Leonardowasmoreofascientistthananartist.解析：選B段落大意題。綜合文章最后一段，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)達(dá)·芬奇是畫(huà)家和科學(xué)家的融合，既是畫(huà)家也是科學(xué)家。CInthelaterhalfofthe13thcentury,anewtrendoffineartsappearedinthecentralpartofItalywithFlorenceasitscentre,representingthechangefromfineartsofMiddleAgestoRenaissanceart.Atthattime,Florenceschoolbecamethemainstreamoffinearts.The14thcenturysawthebirthofagreatartist—Giotto.HisartboreastrikingtendencyofRealism.FormostpeopleGiotto_is_the_first_name_in_European_painting_since_antiquity.Thathehadbreathedfreshlifeintopaintingwasrecognisedbypeopleoftheday,andlaterbyGhibertiandVasari.BeforeGiotto,paintingwasstillconsidereda“mechanical”art.GiottocametooccupyapositionofgreatrespectinFlorence.ThoughhewasemployedbytheBardiandPeruzzifamilies,ownersofthemostimportantEuropeanbankinghousesoftheday,heneverlimitedhisactivitytoFlorence,andprestigious(聲望很高的)commissioninotherpartsofItalykepthimonthemovefrequently.AtatimewhenItaly'sflourishingeconomymadeeveryItaliancityanindependentculturalandartisticcentre,Giottowentbeyondregionalbarriersandtheeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半島).InhislifetimeGiottohasraisedpaintingtoaprestigiouslevelamongthearts,tosuchahighlevelthatitinfluencedsculpture.ItalianpaintingcanbesaidtohavechangedgreatlywiththeappearanceofGiottothaneverbefore.ThemotivationGiottogavetotheartswassogreatthatitdeterminedthefateofEuropeanpainting.BythemiddleofthefourteenthcenturyEuropehadalreadybecomeawareofGiotto'snewideas,whichagreedwiththegrowingseculartendencyinEuropeansociety.語(yǔ)篇解讀：?jiǎn)掏小獯罄艹龅漠?huà)家，被認(rèn)定是意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的開(kāi)創(chuàng)者，被譽(yù)為“歐洲繪畫(huà)之父”。8．Beforethelaterhalfofthe13thcentury________.A．fineartsofMiddleAgeswasthemainstreamB．RenaissanceartwasthemainstreamC．FlorenceschoolbegantodisappearD．Giottobecameagreatartist解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，13世紀(jì)后半期，美術(shù)發(fā)生了很大的變化，從中世紀(jì)美術(shù)向文藝復(fù)興美術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可判斷出在13世紀(jì)前半期，中世紀(jì)美術(shù)為主流。故答案為A。9．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“GiottoisthefirstnameinEuropeanpaintingsinceantiquity”inParagraph2?A．Giottoistheartist'sfirstname.B．GiottoisthemanwhostartedEuropeanpainting.C．GiottoisthemostimportantpainterinEuropesinceantiquity.D．GiottoisthenameofamostfamousEuropeanpainting.解析：選C句意理解題。從第二段看出，本段講述這位藝術(shù)家的巨大成就，而題目中的這句話正好支持這段的主題。所以這句話就是為了表明他在繪畫(huà)界的地位。10．Fromthethirdparagraphwecanlearn________.A．Giottothoughtpaintingwasa“mechanical”artB．Giottodidn'tgetgreatrespectinFlorenceC．GiottoownedEuropeanbankinghousesD．Giotto'sartaffectedthewholeItaly解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“...theeffectofhisartwasfeltthroughoutthepeninsula(半島)”可知，他的藝術(shù)作品影響了整個(gè)意大利半島。11．Th