2019年英語新譯林選修十（江蘇專用）講義Unit4SectionⅡWeletotheunitReading-Languagepoints

Section_ⅡWelcometotheunit&Reading—LanguagePointsⅠ.高頻單詞1．downloadvt.下載2．offensiveadj.冒犯的，極其討厭的；攻擊性的3．propertyn.財產(chǎn)，財物；不動產(chǎn)4．firmn.公司；商行；商號adj.堅硬的；牢固的；堅定的5．suspectn.嫌疑犯，可疑對象vt.懷疑6．visan.簽證7．cooperationn.合作8．draftvt.起草，草擬；選派，抽調(diào)n.草稿；草案；草圖9．hatredn．仇恨→hatevt.討厭，憎恨10．a(chǎn)ssessvt.評估；估算→assessmentn．評價，評估11．regardingprep.對于，關(guān)于，至于12．negotiatevt.&vi.商定；談判，協(xié)商→negotiationn13．a(chǎn)pplicantn．申請者→applyv．申請；應(yīng)用Ⅱ.重點短語1．commitcrime犯罪2．refer_to涉及，指的是3．without_permission未經(jīng)許可4．cheatsb.(out)ofsth.騙取某人某物5．inonewayoranother用某種方法6．in_addition此外7．join_forces(與……)合作，聯(lián)合8．keep_up_with跟上，不落后Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型1．[句型展示]Asurveyconductedin2010bytheComputerSecurityInstitute,aprivateorganizationintheUSA,showedthat45.6percentofthe351biggestcompaniesandgovernmentagencieshadhad_their_security_systems_broken_intointhepreviousyear.一項由美國私人組織“計算機安全協(xié)會”在2010年進行的調(diào)查表明，351家最大的公司和政府機構(gòu)中，45.6%的安全系統(tǒng)在前一年遭到入侵。[典例背誦]Billhadhiswalletstolenatthetrainstation.比爾的錢包在火車站被偷了。2．[句型展示]OneofthefathersoftheInternet,VintonCerf,wouldnodoubtagreethatteamworkisa_key_to_dealingwithcybercrime,ashehassaidtheproblemofcybercrimeissohugethatitrequirestheUnitedNationstoformaspecialagencytoact.因特網(wǎng)創(chuàng)始人之一文特·瑟夫無疑會認(rèn)同團隊協(xié)作是對付網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的關(guān)鍵，因為他曾說過，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的問題非常嚴(yán)峻，需要聯(lián)合國成立特別機構(gòu)予以應(yīng)對。[典例背誦]WhatdoyouthinkthekeytogettingagoodmarkinEnglishis?你認(rèn)為英語考試得高分的關(guān)鍵是什么？1.assessvt.評估；估算；評價[教材原句]AttheCouncilofEurope,wefeelthatitisimportanttoclassifysuchcrimes,asithelpsusassesstheproblemofcybercrime.在歐洲議會，我們感覺到對這些犯罪明確分類是很重要的，這有助于我們評估網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪問題。①Itistooearlytoassesstheeffectsofthenewlaw.現(xiàn)在來評價這部新法律的效果為時尚早。(1)assesssth.at...估算某物的價格為……assesssb./sth.as...評價/評定……為……assesswhether...評估……是否……(2)assessmentn.評價；評定②Damagetothebuildingwasassessedat￡40,000.這棟建筑物的損失估算為4萬英鎊。③I’dassessyourchancesaslow.我估計你的機會不大。[即境活用1]用assess的適當(dāng)形式填空①WhatisyourassessmentofthesituationinSyria?②Thecommitteeassesseswhetherabuildingisworthpreserving.2．regardingprep.關(guān)于[教材原句]Allofthisismademoredifficultbythelegalsituationregardingcybercrime.有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的法律狀況使形勢更加復(fù)雜。①Regardingyourrequest,shesaidnothing.關(guān)于你的請求，她什么也沒說。(1)regardv．認(rèn)為；注意；留意n.尊重，敬重；注意；關(guān)心regard...as把……看作/認(rèn)為/視為in/withregardtosb./sth.關(guān)于某人/某物(2)regardlessadv.不顧，不加理會regardlessof不管，不顧②IregardthatmovieasoneoftheworstI’veeverseen.我認(rèn)為那部電影是我看過的最糟糕的一部。③Thecompany’spositionin/withregardtoovertimeismadeclearintheircontracts.公司關(guān)于加班的立場在合同中有明確說明。④Hewentaheadanddidit,regardlessoftheconsequences.他說干就干了，沒有考慮后果。[點津]在英語中，有部分動詞的-ing形式具備介詞的性質(zhì)，很多情況下被當(dāng)作介詞來用。除regarding外，還有：including“包括”；concerning“關(guān)于”；considering“考慮到”等。[即境活用2](2009·江蘇高考)Thisspecialschoolacceptsalldisabledstudents,________educationallevelandbackground.A．a(chǎn)ccordingto B．regardlessofC．inadditionto D．intermsof解析：選B?？疾榻樵~短語。句意：這所特殊的學(xué)校招收所有的殘疾學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平或背景。regardlessof不管，不顧，符合題意。3．suspectn．嫌疑犯，可疑對象vt.懷疑(某人有罪)；懷疑(某事屬實或可能發(fā)生，尤指壞事)[教材原句]Inaddition,mostcountriesdonothavearrangementsfordealingwithsuspectsfromothercountrieswhomayhavecommittedcybercrime.另外，大多數(shù)國家都沒有如何對付來自他國的實施網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的嫌疑犯的手段。①Actnaturallyandnoonewillsuspectyou.表現(xiàn)得自然一些，沒有人會懷疑你。(1)suspectthat...懷疑……suspectsb.tobe...懷疑某人是……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做)某事(2)suspectedadj.被懷疑的，可疑的②Wesuspectedthatitwasatricktogetourmoney.我們懷疑這是一個騙我們錢的陷阱。③IsuspectedTomofdeliberatelyforgettinghispurse.我懷疑湯姆故意遺忘了他的錢包。[點津]suspect一般不用于進行時。[即境活用3]Giventhatrealestateregulationhasfailedmorethanonceinthepast,therearemanywho________thathousepriceswillstartrisingagain.A．inspect B．suspectC．blame D．suggest解析：選B?？疾閯釉~辨析。句意：由于房地產(chǎn)調(diào)控已經(jīng)在過去不止一次失敗，許多人懷疑房價將再次上漲。suspectthat...“懷疑……”，符合句意。inspect“視察”；blame“責(zé)備”；suggest“建議”。4.join/combineforces(withsb.)(與……)合作，聯(lián)合[教材原句]Thetechnicalskillsofthesecriminalsareamongthebestintheworld,whichmeansthatgovernmentsmustjoinforcestokeepupwiththeadvancesintechnologyusedbythecriminals.這些罪犯的技術(shù)水平在世界上屬于先進水平，這意味著政府必須聯(lián)合起來跟上罪犯們使用的先進技術(shù)。①Thetwofirmsjoinedforcestowinthecontract.兩家公司聯(lián)合起來爭取合同。oforce(使……)開始生效comeintoforce開始生效inforce已生效；在實施中byforce用暴力，強迫②Whenwillthenewregulationscomeintoforce?新規(guī)章什么時候開始執(zhí)行？③Thenewregulationsarenowinforce.新規(guī)章已生效。[即境活用4]ItissuggestedthatChinaandRussia________forcestoupholdregionalpeaceandstability.A．mustjoin B．shouldbejoinedC．join D．joined解析：選C。句意：人們建議中俄聯(lián)合起來共同維護地區(qū)和平與穩(wěn)定。在“Itissuggested”后的主語從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣“(should)＋動詞原形”形式。5．negotiatevt.&vi.[教材原句]Itisalsoimportanttodraftnewlawsandnegotiateinternationalstandardsforfightingcybercrime.制定新的法律并洽談打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是很重要的。①Wehavebeennegotiatingformorepay.我們一直在為增加工資進行協(xié)商。eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(negotiatesth.withsb.,＝negotiatewithsb.for/aboutsth.))與某人協(xié)商某事negotiateanagreement/contactfor商定……協(xié)議/合同negotiationn.談判；協(xié)商②Theairlineisnegotiatinganewcontractwiththeunion.該航空公司正在和工會商議新的合同。③Thegovernmentwillnotnegotiatewithterrorists.政府不會和恐怖分子談判。④Unionleadershavenegotiatedanagreementforashorterworkingweek.工會領(lǐng)袖已經(jīng)商定了一份縮短每周工作時間的協(xié)議。[即境活用5](2011·湖北高考)Theministersaid,“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties,butwe’llnever________withcriminals.”A．negotiate B．quarrelC．a(chǎn)rgue D．consult解析：選A。考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：部長說，“我們可以和任何合法團體進行討論，但是我們永遠(yuǎn)不會和犯罪分子談判”。negotiate“談判，協(xié)商”；quarrel“爭吵”；argue“爭辯，爭論”；consult“咨詢”。1．Asurveyconductedin2010bytheComputerSecurityInstitute,aprivateorganizationintheUSA,showedthat45.6percentofthe351biggestcompaniesandgovernmentagencieshadhad_their_security_systems_broken_intointhepreviousyear.一項由美國私人組織“計算機安全協(xié)會”在2010年進行的調(diào)查表明，351家最大的公司和政府機構(gòu)中，45.6%的安全系統(tǒng)在前一年遭到入侵。(1)本句的主語為asurvey,conductedin...是過去分詞短語作主語的后置定語，aprivateorganizationintheUSA是theComputerSecurityInstitute的同位語。動詞showed是全句的謂語，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。賓語從句中hadtheirsecuritysystemsbrokeninto...運用了“have＋something＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)havesth.done讓/請別人做某事；使某物遭受……①Willyouhavemycasessentup,please?你叫人把我的箱子送上來，好嗎？②Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.在史密斯先生度假期間，他的房子被別人闖入了。(3)“have/get＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)have/get后接三種形式的賓語補足語：A．have...doingsth.讓……在(持續(xù)地)做某事B．havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(相當(dāng)于makesb.dosth.或getsb.todosth.)C．havesth.done讓(別人)做某事；使某物遭受……③Theyweresofrightenedthattheyhadthelightburningallnightlong.他們?nèi)绱丝謶郑灾劣谧専袅亮艘徽?。④I’llhaveTomshowyoutoyourroom.我會讓湯姆帶你去你的房間。[即境活用1](2011·陜西高考)Clairehadherluggage______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A．check B．checkingC．tocheck D．checked解析：選D?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意：在飛機起飛前一個小時Claire對行李進行了安檢。check與luggage之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞形式表示被動，構(gòu)成have＋賓語＋過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“找人做……”或“使……被……”。2.OneofthefathersoftheInternet,VintonCerf,wouldnodoubtagreethatteamworkisa_key_to_dealing_withcybercrime,ashehassaidtheproblemofcybercrimeissohugethatitrequirestheUnitedNationstoformaspecialagencytoact.因特網(wǎng)創(chuàng)始人之一文特·瑟夫無疑會認(rèn)同團隊協(xié)作是對會網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的關(guān)鍵，因為他曾說過，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的問題非常嚴(yán)峻，需要聯(lián)合國成立特別機構(gòu)予以應(yīng)對。a/thekeyto...“……的關(guān)鍵(key常用作單數(shù))”①Dietandexercisearethekeytogoodhealth.吃固定食物、做運動是身體健康的關(guān)鍵。②Thekeytoourstrengthliesinourmembers.我們實力的關(guān)鍵在于我們的成員。[點津]與介詞to搭配的名詞除key外還有：answer,visit,attention,entrance,way,introduction,attitude,note,monument,devotion,contribution,access,approach,response等。③Hisdevotiontohiswifeandfamilyistouching.他對妻子和家人的關(guān)愛感人至深。④Yourattitudetothequestionisquitedifferentfrommine.你對這個問題的態(tài)度與我的截然不同。[即境活用2](2011·安徽高考)Sometimesproperanswersarenotfartoseek________foodsafetyproblems.A．in B．toC．on D．a(chǎn)fter解析：選B。考查介詞。句意：有時候，解決食品安全問題的答案并不太難尋求。answertosth.表示“……的答案”，是固定搭配。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Therewerecomplaintsthattheadvertisementwasoffensive(冒犯的)towomen.2．Somepeoplehaveahatred(仇恨)ofanythingnew.3．Makesuretheladderisfirm(牢固的)beforeyoustarttoclimb.4．It’sdifficulttoassess(評估)theeffectsofthesechanges.5．Heresignedafterbeingsuspected(懷疑)oftheft.6．IshowedDavidadraft(草稿)oftheletterandhesuggestedafewchanges.7．Thetwosideshaveyettoshowtheirwillingnesstonegotiate(談判)．8．Aworkinggroupwillbeestablishedtopromotecooperation(合作)．Ⅱ.完成句子1．這所大學(xué)要求我提供與個人學(xué)術(shù)成果相關(guān)的所有信息。Theuniversityaskedmetoprovidealltheinformationrelated_tomyacademicachievements.2．眾所周知，醉酒駕駛是一種犯罪行為。Drunkdrivingisa_criminal_offence,_asweknow.3．他被控訴騙走了投資者們一生的積蓄。Hewasaccusedofcheating_investors_oftheirlifesavings.4．不管怎樣，我會去歐洲深造的。One_way_or_another,_I’mgoingtoEuropeforfurtherstudy.5．我不允許你這樣和你的母親說話。Ican’t_have_you_speakingtoyourmotherlikethat.Ⅲ.單項填空1．________howtojudgeaperson,mypersonalopinionismainlythroughhisattitudetowardsthework.A．Including B．RegardingC．Supposing D．Providing解析：選B?？疾榭梢宰鹘樵~或連詞的分詞的用法。句意：對于如何判別一個人，我個人的觀點是主要通過他對工作的態(tài)度。including“包括”；regarding“關(guān)于”；supposing“假如”；providing“以……為條件；假如”。2．Thedirectorhadherassistant________somehotdogsforthemeeting.A．pickedup B．picksupC．pickup D．pickingup解析：選C?？疾椤癶ave＋復(fù)合賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：主任讓她的助手為開會人員買了些熱狗(香腸面包)。havesb.dosth.“讓某人干某事”。3．I’dpreferto________myjudgementuntilIfindalltheevidence.A．a(chǎn)ssess B．expressC．pass D．reserve解析：選D。考查動詞辨析。assess“評估”；express“表達(dá)”；pass“通過，經(jīng)過”；reserve“推遲，留到以后”。根據(jù)狀語從句untilIfindalltheevidence可知，此處應(yīng)用reserve表示“我暫時不想作出判斷”。句意：我暫時不想作出判斷，直到我找到所有的證據(jù)。故選D項。4．Withinternational________andeducationexchangesincreasingeveryyear,thenumberofChinesestudentsstudyingabroadhasincreasedrapidly.A．cooperation B．competitionC．construction D．conflict解析：選A?？疾槊~辨析。句意：隨著國際合作與教育交流每年在增加，在國外學(xué)習(xí)的中國學(xué)生的數(shù)量在快速增長。cooperation“合作”；competition“競爭”；construction“建設(shè)”；conflict“矛盾”。5．—Whatdoyouthinkofinvestingintoday’sstockmarket?—Therearemanyrisks,butalsomany________gains.A．potential B．confidentialC．influential D．preferential解析：選A?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。句意：“你如何看待今天的股市投資？”“有許多風(fēng)險，但也有許多潛在的收益。”potential“潛在的，可能的”；confidential“秘密的，表示信任的”；influential“有影響的，有權(quán)勢的”；preferential“優(yōu)待的，優(yōu)先的”。6．Sometimesthepolicearenotabsolutelysurethatsomeonehascommittedacrime,but________himofhavingdoneit.A．charge B．suspectC．inspect D．doubt解析：選B?？疾閯釉~辨析。chargesb.withsth.“指控某人犯有某種罪行”；suspectsb.ofsth.“認(rèn)為某人有……的嫌疑”；inspect“視察，檢查”；doubt“懷疑”。7．Hiscommentsweredeeplyoffensive________alargenumberofsinglemothers.A．for B．toC．with D．on解析：選B。句意：他的評論嚴(yán)重觸怒了眾多的單身母親。beoffensivetosb.“是對某人的冒犯”。8．(2010·安徽高考)—HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?—Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t______tomemuch.A．a(chǎn)ppeal B．belongC．refer D．occur解析：選A。考查動詞辨析。答語句意：老實說，他的歌唱不太吸引我。appealto“吸引”，符合句意。belongto“屬于”；referto“暗指，提到，查閱”；occurto“被想起”。9．Thegirlsittingnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous,forshe________before.A．didn’tfly B．hasn’tflownC．hadn’tflown D．wasn’tflying解析：選C?？疾闀r態(tài)。句意：在飛機上坐在我旁邊的那個女孩兒非常緊張，因為她以前從沒坐過飛機。由“wasverynervous”以及“before”可知，應(yīng)該用過去完成時。10．Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,________theyhavetheinterest.A．wherever B．wheneverC．evenif D．a(chǎn)sif解析：選C。考查狀語從句。句意：工程師們?nèi)绱嗣β?，以至于他們沒有時間進行戶外體育運動，即使他們有這種興趣。asif“似乎”，不符合句意。Ⅳ.閱讀理解AIfwomenaremercilesslyexploitedyearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthiswaywastehoursoftheirtimealtering(改變)thedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;necklinesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustry,contributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithvitalthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,ordelicatelypickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonder,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.語篇解讀：女人愛美的天性被時裝設(shè)計師和商人充分利用，他們不斷推出各種新款服裝，賺足了女士們的錢，而女士們?yōu)榱嗣利愋母是樵傅乇凰麄儎兿鳌Ｄ惺吭跁r裝方面則顯得比女士更理性。1．Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney________.A．byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen’sclothingB．bymercilesslyexploitingwomenworkersintheclothingindustryC．becausetheyareabletopredictnewfashionsforthecomingseasonD．becausetheyattachgreatimportancetothequalityofwomen’sclothing解析：選A。推理判斷題。第一段提到“因為她們一想到自己穿著過時的衣服出現(xiàn)在公眾面前就不寒而栗，所以總是被服裝設(shè)計師和大商場利用”，由此判斷，這些人利用她們追求衣著時尚的特點來賺錢，故選A項“通過不斷改變女裝的時尚”。B“通過無情地剝削服裝加工行業(yè)的女工”；C“因為他們能預(yù)測下一個季節(jié)的新款式”；D“因為他們注重女裝的質(zhì)量”都不正確。2．Tothewriter,thatwomenaltertheiroldfashioneddressesisseenas________.A．a(chǎn)wasteofmoney B．a(chǎn)nexpressionoftasteC．a(chǎn)wasteoftime D．a(chǎn)nexpressionofcreativity解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段說，女士們?nèi)绻麤]錢置辦新衣，她們就浪費幾個小時的時間來修改她們現(xiàn)有的服裝以追求時尚。由此判斷選C，作者覺得這樣做是浪費時間。3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．Thefashionindustrymakesanimportantcontributiontosociety.B．Theconstantchangesinwomen’sclothingreflecttheirstrengthofcharacters.C．Fashiondesignsshouldnotbeencouragedsincetheyareonlywelcomedbywomen.D．Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedforthecommercialexploitationofwomen.解析：選D。推理判斷題。從第三段第一句可知A項錯誤；第三段說，女人為了美愿意忍受任何的不舒適，而沒有提到反映了她們“性格的力量”，故B項錯誤；文章沒有提到C項內(nèi)容。從全文內(nèi)容可知，作者覺得服裝設(shè)計師推出各種新款服裝的目的是賺錢，是“一年又一年無情地剝削女士們”，由此判斷選D。4．Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”，thewritermeansthat________.A．womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfortB．menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashionC．menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesignersD．women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat解析：選B。推理判斷題。最后一段說，比較男人和女人對時裝的態(tài)度就能得出一個明顯的結(jié)論，男人很聰明，不會被時裝設(shè)計師欺騙。從這些敘述可知應(yīng)選B，男士在選擇服飾方面比女士更理性。BTheStaffRoomisonestopenglish’sexclusive(獨家的)subscriptionservice,givingyouaccesstoourfulldatabaseofresourcesaswellasmanyotherbenefits.HereisjustatasteofhowtheStaffRoomcanhelpandenhance(提高)yourteaching：1．EnjoyourentiredatabaseofresourcesYouwillbeabletoaccessourfulldatabaseofover8,000resources,searchablebyage,level,languagefocusandtopic;thedatabaseisaddedtoeveryweek,soyou’realwayssuretofindsomethingnew.Fromarticlesandtipsonarangeofteachingaspectsandapproaches,toready-to-useworksheetsandlessonplans,andfromgamestolisteningmaterials,you’llhavethousandsoffantasticresourcesatyourfingertips.2．FindeverythingyouneedWhetheryouteachchildren,teenagers,adultsorbusinessexecutives,onestopenglishispackedwithresourcesforyou.AsaStaffRoommemberyou’llfindawealthofmaterialsinthecore(核心)subjectareasthatmattermosttoyou,includingGrammar&Vocabulary,Exams,BusinessandYoungLearners.You’llalsofindaspecialCLILsectionforContentandLanguageIntegratedLearningteachers,regularlyupdatedwithnewmaterials.3．OrganizeyourteachingEveryStaffRoommembercanbenefitfromapersonal,interactive(交互的)LearningCalendar.Thisexcitingnewtoolwillallowyoutosave,organizeandshareallyourfavouriteresources,andeasilyscheduleyourlessonsinadvance.YoucanfindoutmoreabouttheLearningCalendar