Unit 1 非限制性定語從句（學(xué)生版）

高二英語組Unit1非限制性定語從句Teachingprocedures:讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)判斷什么是限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句課文中的典型例句分析Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),______________researchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialtreatmentformalaria.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,____________malariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.(3)Thereisalittlegirl___________knockedonhisdoorandaskedforhelpwithherhomework.(4)Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostof__________recovered.(5)Thatsameyear,__________waslaterrecordedasamiracleyearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinarypapers.(6)Fromtheirresearch,theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments__________showedpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria.(7)AlbertEinstein,___________istheperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.課堂上已經(jīng)分析過，快速填寫關(guān)系詞（2min)并判斷定語從句的兩種形式：限制性定從(3,6)和非限制性定從(1,2,4,5,7)除了when和forwhich未出現(xiàn)例子之外，其它關(guān)系詞各舉了一例。★高考最典型的考題特點(diǎn)：不管是限制性定從和非限制性定從，最常見的是從句缺主語的情況是出題人的最愛，如3,5,6,7的模式(注：非限制定從由于缺賓語時(shí)不能省略，也可能考查缺賓語的情況。）【經(jīng)典高考題回放】【2021年湖北省武漢市部分學(xué)校質(zhì)檢】Dean’sclinicalbackgroundwasthekeyfactor59ledhimtobeginreconsideringthoseideas.(2)【2020年全國新高考Ⅰ卷】The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,3(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum4openedin1759.(3)【2019年新高考Ⅱ卷】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,2sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.二、限制性定語從句與非限制定語從句的關(guān)系詞的用法和功能基本一致,幫助學(xué)生回顧限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞，怎樣選擇關(guān)系詞的問題。（1）關(guān)系詞的作用起指代作用、連接作用、在從句中充當(dāng)成分。（2）永遠(yuǎn)記住是從句中缺什么成分就補(bǔ)什么成分對應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用思維導(dǎo)圖如下：關(guān)關(guān)系代詞缺主語who(人）that(人、物,作主賓都可)(作主賓定表語）缺賓語whom(人)which(物，作主賓都可)系缺定語whose(人、物)When(時(shí)間)詞關(guān)系副詞where(地點(diǎn))(作狀語)why(原因)只對先行詞為reason★注意只用that不用which的情況；先行詞為抽象名詞point,situation,stage,case等常用where的考查點(diǎn);such...as...引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。【經(jīng)典高考題回放】【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷】TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies65livewithintheGiantPandaandsignificantlyimprovethehealthofecosystemintheera.【2019年全國Ⅱ卷】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters4hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.【2019年浙江卷】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_________givesofflightinthedark.【2018年全國Ⅰ卷】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146showedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).★高考真題再現(xiàn)，在限制性定從中基本考缺主語的情況，考膩了的東西需注意視線盲區(qū)，作定語的關(guān)系詞whose和作狀語的關(guān)系副詞when，where,why。三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制定語從句例句形式與主句之間沒有逗號與主句之間有逗號Ihaveasister(,)whoisadoctor.功能對先行詞進(jìn)行限定、修飾。如果去掉，剩余部分的意義不完整對先行詞作附加說明，去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明確。①Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.②Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.先行詞名詞或名詞詞組名詞、名詞詞組或整個(gè)主句①ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.②Thenovelisveryinteresting,whichmakesmeexcited.翻譯常譯成前置定語常譯成并列成分①Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.②I’veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.關(guān)系詞所有的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞都可作賓語時(shí)統(tǒng)一可以省略介詞加關(guān)系代詞(只能是which或whom)That和why不可，指物只用which;指代原因，則用forwhich。作賓語時(shí)，不可省略，指人只能用whom；作主語，只能用who。指物，只能用which。同限制性定語從句一樣“介詞+which或介詞+whom”①M(fèi)ostpeopledidn’tvoteforhim,whichdisappointedhim.②Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIchangedmymind.③Theoldmanhasthreesons,whomsheisproudof.①Ihaveboughttwopens,bothofwhichwritewell.②SevenpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfirethatbrokeoutonFriday,fourofwhomwerebadlyinjured.★as和which在指代前面整個(gè)句子作先行詞，其區(qū)別是：as位于開頭和中間都可，“正如，像”，屬于識(shí)記內(nèi)容，記住固定搭配就好了；which只能位于主句后，即中間，譯為“這，這一點(diǎn)，那”。as固定用法asisoftenthecase這是常有的事aswasexpected不出所料asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣asisknowntoall眾所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的【經(jīng)典考題回放】(2021年?廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高二期中)Airpollutionhascausedmillionsofdeathseveryyear,________hasbecomeagreatconcern．(2021·新疆烏魯木齊市·烏市八中高二期末)______isoftenthecase,whoeverhangsoninanyadversitywillsucceedsomeday.(2021年?廣東高二期末)TheUnitedNationsshowsgreatconcerntothecatastrophe,atrequestinternationalaidagenciesarerushingtothestrickendistrict.(2021年?上海交大附中)Sincethelate1970s,________dailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30﹪,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.(2021年?山東省淄博一中)WestartedfromVancouver,_________wepickedupourvehicleforthetrip,ahomeonwheels.(2020年寧夏)中衛(wèi)一模)About3,000luckyvisitorsreceivedfreeticketsfromthegovernment,among_________wasZhangZhifu,a77-year-oldpublicsecurityvolunteer.【2020年全國卷Ⅲ】InancientChinalivedanartist________paintingswerealmostlifelike.【2018年浙江卷】Manywesterners________cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.【2019年北京卷】Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_______aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源).★注意定語從句在應(yīng)用文和讀后續(xù)寫中的運(yùn)用特別是which學(xué)會(huì)在應(yīng)用文中運(yùn)用,使句式多樣，彰顯高級：which翻譯成“這”指代前面舉辦的活動(dòng)，后面一句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充，這一活動(dòng)怎么樣了？補(bǔ)充被舉辦的地點(diǎn)時(shí)間等，補(bǔ)充這一活動(dòng)評價(jià)很高用在結(jié)尾。練習(xí)范例：①他們花過多地時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上看電視，玩游戲，聊天，這對他們的健康有害。TheyspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV,playinggamesandchatting,__________________________________________________.②在這堂課上，你將主要學(xué)習(xí)反映傳統(tǒng)的中國文化并深受中國人喜愛的唐詩。Intheclass,youwillmainlylearnTangpoetry,____________________________________________________________________③我正在寫信申請作為在貴美術(shù)館舉辦的中國繪畫展覽的志愿者。I’mwritingtoapplytobeavolunteerfortheChinesePaintingExhibition________________________________________________.④【2021年新高考全國Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷】RefusedasIwas,Istillreceivedgreatencouragement,______