(史上最全)托福備考詞匯分類

感性Sensibility知性Understanding理性Reason認識論theoryofcognition先天綜合判斷apriorisyntheticjudgment物自體thing-in-itself先驗感性論TranscendentalAesthetic感性論Aesthetic直觀intuition感覺sensation經(jīng)驗性的直觀empiricalintuition純粹的直觀pureintuition形而上學；玄學metaphysics質料matter形式form先驗邏輯Transcendentallogic先驗分析論Transcendentalanalytic先驗辯證論Transcendentaldialectic純粹的知性概念pureconceptsoftheunderstanding原則的能力facultyofprinciples規(guī)則的能力facultyofrules先驗幻相Transcendentalillusion宇宙論cosmology二律背反antinomy善的意志goodwill道德律令moralcommand至善summumbonum崇高sublime反思判斷judgmentofreflection[唯]意志論Voluntarism一般陶冶generalculture七藝{文法、邏輯、修辭、音樂、算數(shù)、幾何、天文}Sevenliberalarts人本主義；人文主義humanism人本教育；人文教育humanisticeducation三科{文法、邏輯、修辭}trivium下意識subconsciousness士氣morale大修道院學校abbeyschool大禮堂auditorium女生訓導{史}Deanofwomen女修道院convent女校友alumna工藝教育artsandcraftseducation;industrialartseducation工藝學校artsandcraftsschool中古教育；中世紀教育medievaleducation中央學校{十九世紀初期英國國教派創(chuàng)設的基礎學校}centralschool五項運動{奧運比賽項目}pentathlon公民教育Citizenshipeducation;Educationforcitizenship公民德行civicvirtue反??；反思reflection反省[后]行為reflectivebehavior反省思考reflectivethought天主教教學法catholicpedagogy文化；修養(yǎng)culture文化教育culturaleducation文化教育學Culturepedagogy文字主義；字句主義verbalism方法論methodology主教座堂學校；圣公會學校Cathedralschool;Episcopalschool主教學校Bishop'sschool主智教育；主知教育Intellectualisticeducation主智論；主知論Intellectualism主意教育voluntaristiceducation兄弟會{美國大學男生社團}fraternity可陶冶性；可塑性figurability古典主義Classicism古典語文｛古希臘文、拉丁文｝classicallanguage古典學科classicalcourse古典學校；古典學派classicalschool四目{音樂、算數(shù)、幾何、天文}quadrivium本性originalnature母性maternity母道；母儀mothercraft母語motherlanguage;mothertongue民本教育democraticeducation民族主義nationalism民族主義教育nationalisticeducation目的論teleology先天觀念innateidea同情sympathy合理化[作用]rationalization回教教育；伊斯蘭教育Mohammedaneducation[=Islamiceducation]自由意志freewill自然主義naturalism自然主義教育naturalisticeducation自然趨勢naturaltendency自然懲罰naturalpunishment判斷judgment助理教師assistantteacher助理教授assistantprofessor形式陶冶；形式訓練formalculture[=formaldiscipline]批判分數(shù)criticalscore批判教育學Criticalpedagogy批評課criticismlesson男生訓導{史}Deanofmen男生通勤學校{英，相對于寄宿學校}boy'sdayschool系統(tǒng)教育學Systematicpedagogy良心conscience兒童之家children'shome兒童文學children'sliterature兒童指導所Child-guidanceclinic兒童學Paidology;Paedology夜校{英}moonlightschool姊妹會{美國大學女生社團}sorority性格；品格character拉丁文法學校{英、美}Latingrammarschool泛愛主義philanthropism泛愛主義教育philanthropiceducation泛愛學校philanthropicschool社會化socialization社會主義Socialism社會主義教育socialisticeducation社會學Sociology初民教育primitiveeducation初級教義問答學校；天主教望教友要理班Catechumenalschool非教派學校undenominationalschool品格培養(yǎng)characterbuilding;formationofcharacter品格教育charactereducation品格測驗charactertest品格評比characterrating品格診斷；品性診斷characterdiagnosis建教制度{就學與工作時間可輪替之制度}alternatingplan;alternatingsystem思考thinking施濟學校{英國中世紀時期修道院的慈善學校}almonryschool柔性教育softeducation查經(jīng)班Bibleclass相屬原則Principleofbelonging美育aestheticeducation美育[教]學estheticpedagogy美感aestheticfeeling美感判斷estheticjudgment美學aesthetics;esthetics軍國主義；黷武思想；軍國民主義militarism重述要旨；簡述大意recapitulation音樂學校conservatory;musicschool個人主義individualism修女學校nunneryschool修道院cloister修道院教育monasticeducation修道院學校monasteryschool;monasticschool;cloisterschool修辭學校rhetoricalschool倫理教育ethicaleducation倫理學Ethics原理；原則principle原創(chuàng)性originality哲學的教育學philosophicalpedagogy宮廷學校Courtschool;Palaceschool校友alumnus;alumni{pl.}校友會alumniassociation校風schoolethos格言；行為準則maxim氣質temperament消極訓練negativediscipline消極教育negativeeducation消極適應negativeadaptation神學校Theologicalseminary神學院divinityschool;theologicalcollege;theologicalseminary神學教育theologicaleducation純粹科學purescience虔敬主義pietism高級教義問答學校；天主教進階要理班Catecheticalschool副校長assistantprincipal副教授associateprofessor唱詩學校Choirschool問答法questionandanswermethod唯物論materialism唯實主義教育realisticeducation唯實論；實在論realism國家教育；民族教育nationaleducation基督宗教教育Christianeducation專業(yè)道德；專業(yè)倫理[學]professionalethics情感[作用]；感情affection情操sentiment推論；推理inference[=reasoning]教生{英國17世紀中葉用法}；實習教師{英國現(xiàn)行用法}student-teacher;traineeteacher教育工作者educator教育可能性possibilityofeducation教育史Historyofeducation教育決定論educationaldeterminism教育委員{十九世紀英國中央層級的教育委員，負責對各級教育的視導}commissioneroneducation教育哲學Educationalphilosophy;Philosophyofeducation教育價值educationalvalue教育學家；教育學者educationalist;educationist教育歷程educationalprocess教派學校{基督宗教}denominationalschool;sectarianschool教區(qū)學校parishschool;parochialschool教規(guī)；訓誡precept教會教育Churcheducation;Missionaryeducation教會學校Missionschool教義問答教學法{要理問答教學法}catechetic;catechism;catecheticmethod教仆{古希臘}；教育學者pedagogue啟蒙運動Enlightenment;Theenlightenment理性；理由reason理性教育rationaleducation理性論；理性主義rationalism理想ideal理論教育學theoreticalpedagogy現(xiàn)代語文；現(xiàn)代外語{相對于古典語文}modernlanguages畢業(yè)式commencement移動學校{美國初期為解決郊區(qū)學子就學問題所提供教師至該區(qū)巡回教育的措施}movingschool規(guī)范科學{相對于實證科學}normativescience通藝學科；博藝學科liberalarts陸軍學校armyschool陶冶；教化cultivation陶治；教育{德}bildung博士論文Doctoraldissertation;Doctoratedissertation博士學位Doctorate;Doctor'sdegree;Doctoraldegree博雅教育liberaleducation發(fā)生法geneticmethod象征主義symbolism進化論派教育學Evolutionisticpedagogy進步主義教育progressiveeducation傳記法biographicalmethod奧林匹克運動會{奧運}Olympian;Olympic;Olympicgames意志will意志教育educationofwill意識consciousness意識流streamsofconsciousness慈善學校charityschool感官訓練sensetraining感官唯實論senserealism感官教育senseeducation感官陶冶senseculture感情；感受；情感feeling愛國主義；愛國情操patriotism新人本主義；新人文主義neohumanism新教育Neweducation新教學校Protestantschool暗示suggestion暗示感受性suggestibility暗示詰問suggestivequestioning溯因考察causalinvestigation禁閉confinementpunishment禁欲主義Asceticism經(jīng)院主義；士林哲學Scholasticism經(jīng)院學者；士林哲學家Scholastic經(jīng)驗教育學Empiricalpedagogy經(jīng)驗論；經(jīng)驗主義Empiricism圣經(jīng)學校Bibleschool資訊；知識information[=knowledge]運動員風度；運動家精神sportsmanship道德morality道德教育moraleducation道德教學moralinstruction頓悟；洞悟；洞見；洞察insight實用主義pragmatism實質訓練materialdiscipline實質陶冶materialculture對話法dialogisticalmethod歌詠團gleeclub演繹法deductivemethod種族差異racedifference罰則penaltyschedule誦讀學校；閱讀學校{中世紀以來的基礎識字教育}readingschool儉約教育thrifteducation劍橋制{1839年美國麻州劍橋地區(qū)允許資賦優(yōu)異小學生修讀兩年即可跳級畢業(yè)的措施}Cambridgeplan審美aestheticappreciation模范課modellesson模范學校modelschool論理次序；邏輯次序logicalorder論理學；邏輯；理哲學Logic養(yǎng)育{后天教養(yǎng)，與nature相對}nurture學士Bachelor學士學位Bachelors'degree學位巾academichood學位帽mortar-board學府{古希臘}；大學區(qū){法}；中學{英、美舊制}；學術性質之會社；軍事院校academy學者；學生{英}scholar學科輪替制alternationofstudies學徒；藝徒apprentice學徒制apprenticeshipsystem;apprenticesystem學徒教育apprenticeshipeducation學徒學校apprenticeschool學校；學派school學校志chronicleofschool學院袍academicgown導生{英}monitor導生分組制monitorial-groupplan導生制{史}monitorialsystem導生學校monitorschool積極教育positiveeducation應用科學appliedscience矯正院；感化院Houseofcorrection齋舍制{英國公學制度}housesystem歸納法inductivemethod騎士教育chivalriceducation懲罰penalty;punishment藝術教育arteducation;artisticeducation續(xù)學運動back-to-the-schoolmovement辯證法dialectic;dialectics觀念idea觀念論{知識論}；唯心論{形上學}；理想主義{倫理學}idealism陶冶；教化cultivation

陶治；教育{德}bildung

博士論文DoctoraldissertationDoctoratedissertation

博士學位DoctorateDoctor'sdegreeDoctoraldegree

博雅教育liberaleducation

發(fā)生法geneticmethod

象征主義symbolism

進化論派教育學Evolutionisticpedagogy

進步主義教育progressiveeducation

傳記法biographicalmethod

奧林匹克運動會{奧運}OlympianOlympicOlympicgames

意志will

意志教育educationofwill

意識consciousness

意識流streamsofconsciousness

慈善學校charityschool

感官訓練sensetrainin

感官唯實論senserealism

感官教育senseeducation

感官陶冶senseculture

感情；感受；情感feeling

愛國主義；愛國情操patriotism

新人本主義；新人文主義neohumanism

新教育Neweducation

新教學校Protestantschool

暗示suggestion

暗示感受性suggestibility

暗示詰問suggestivequestioning

溯因考察causalinvestigation

禁閉confinementpunishment

禁欲主義Asceticism

經(jīng)院主義；士林哲學Scholasticism

經(jīng)院學者；士林哲學家Scholastic

經(jīng)驗教育學Empiricalpedagogy

經(jīng)驗論；經(jīng)驗主義Empiricism

圣經(jīng)學校Bibleschool

資訊；知識information=knowledge

運動員風度；運動家精神sportsmanship

道德morality

道德教育moraleducation

道德教學moralinstruction

頓悟；洞悟；洞見；洞察insight

實用主義pragmatism

實質訓練materialdiscipline

實質陶冶materialculture

對話法dialogisticalmethod

歌詠團gleeclub

演繹法deductivemethod

種族差異racedifference

罰則penaltyschedule

誦讀學校；閱讀學校{中世紀以來的基礎識字教育}readingschool

儉約教育thrifteducation

劍橋制{1839年美國麻州劍橋地區(qū)允許資賦優(yōu)異小學生修讀兩年即可跳級畢業(yè)的措施}Cambridgeplan

審美aestheticappreciation

模范課modellesson

模范學校modelschool

論理次序；邏輯次序logicalorder

論理學；邏輯；理哲學Logic

養(yǎng)育{后天教養(yǎng)，與nature相對}nurture

學士Bachelor

學士學位Bachelors'degree

學位巾academichood

學位帽mortar-board

學府{古希臘}；大學區(qū){法}；中學{英、美舊制}；學術性質之會社；軍事院校academy

學者；學生{英}scholar

學科輪替制alternationofstudies

學徒；藝徒apprentice

學徒制apprenticeshipsystemapprenticesystem

學徒教育apprenticeshipeducation

學徒學校apprenticeschool

學校；學派school

學校志chronicleofschool

學院袍academicgown

導生{英}monitor

導生分組制monitorial-groupplan

導生制{史}monitorialsystem

導生學校monitorschool

積極教育positiveeducation

應用科學appliedscience

矯正院；感化院Houseofcorrection

齋舍制{英國公學制度}housesystem

歸納法inductivemethod

騎士教育chivalriceducation

懲罰penaltypunishment

藝術教育arteducationartisticeducation

續(xù)學運動back-to-the-schoolmovement

辯證法dialecticdialectics

觀念idea

觀念論{知識論}；唯心論{形上學}；理想主義{倫理學}idealism

adhochypothesis特設性假說naiverealism樸素實在論

anomaly反常negativeheuristic反面啟發(fā)法

auxiliaryassumption輔助假定non-normalscience非常規(guī)科學

auxiliaryhypothesis輔助假說non-science非科學

basicstatement基本陳述normalscience常規(guī)科學

behaviourism行為主義objectlanguage對象語言

conceptualframework概念框架objectivism客觀主義

confirm確證observationalstatement觀察陳述

confirmation確證operativism操作主義

conjecture推測panpsychism泛心論

conventionalism約定論parallelism平行論

conversion改宗、改變信仰

paradigm規(guī)范

corroborate確認corroboration確認perceptualexperience知覺經(jīng)驗physicalism物理主義

counter-induction反歸納pluralism多元論

criticalrationalism批判理性主義pluralisticrealism多元實在論

criticalrealism批判實在論positiveheuristic正面啟發(fā)法

criticalthought批判思維

positivism實證主義

crucialexperiment判決性實驗potentialfalsifier潛在證偽者

deduction演繹、演繹法prescience前科學

degreeofcorroboration確認度principleofinduction歸納原理

determinism決定論principleofproliferation擴散原理

dogmaticthought教條思維principleoftenacity靭性原理

demarcation分界principleoftransference傳遞原理

disposition素質、傾向problemofinduction歸納問題

downwardcausation下向因果性problemshift問題轉換

emergence突現(xiàn)problemsituation問題狀況

epiphenomenalism附帶現(xiàn)象論proof證明

epistemologicalanarchy認識論無政府狀態(tài)propensity傾向性

epistemology認識論pseudo-science類科學、偽科學

error-elimination除錯psychologism心理主義

essentialism本質論radicalinstrumentalism激進工具主義

explanation解釋rationlism理性主義

fallibilism易謬主義rationality理性

fallibility易謬性realism實在論

falsifiability可證偽性reality實在

falsification證偽reductionism還原論

falsificationism證偽主義refutability可反駁的

falsify證偽refutation反駁

falsitycontent虛假性內(nèi)容researchprogramme研究綱領

firstworld第一世界secondworld第二世界

formallanguage形式語言simplicity簡單性

gestaltswitch格式塔轉換singularstatement單稱陳述

improbablity不可幾性sophisticatedfalsificationism精致的證偽主義

irrationalism非理性主義subjectioism主觀主義

guess猜測tentativetheory試驗性理論

heuristic啟發(fā)法test檢驗

hypothesis假說testability可檢驗性

indeterminism非決定論theory-laden滲透理論

induction歸納、歸納法thirdworld第三世界

inductionism歸納主義thoughtexperiment思想實驗

initialcondition初始條件trialanderror試錯法

instantrationality即時理性truthcontent真理性內(nèi)容

instrumentalism工具主義universalstatement全稱陳述

interactionism相互作用論upwardcausation上向因果性

irrefutability不可反駁性verifiability可證實的

justification證明verification證實

justify證明verify證實

justificationism證明主義verisimilitude逼真性

logicalpositivism邏輯實證主義world1世界1

macrologic宏觀邏輯world2世界2

mentalism精神主義world3世界3

metalanguage元語言

metascience元科學

metatheory元理論

micrologic微觀邏輯

naivefalsificationism樸素證偽主義

naiveinstrumentalism樸素工具主義

文化類culturaldiversity文化多元化culturaltreasures文化寶藏cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交流spiritualcivilization精神文明heritage遺產(chǎn)teardown拆除humanehistoricalsites人文歷史遺址preservetheculturalrelics保護文化遺產(chǎn)cityconstruction城市建設drivingforce驅動力reconstruct重建destruct破壞architecturalindustry建筑工業(yè)mapout制定出citydesigning城市設計beautifyourlife美化我們的生活humancivilization人類文明cradleofculture文化搖籃mainstreamculture主流文化culturaltraditions文化傳統(tǒng)nationalpride民族自豪localcustomsandpractices風土人情attractpeople’seyes吸引人們的眼球becloselyinterrelatedwith…與…有密切關系adheretothetradition堅持傳統(tǒng)carryforward…弘揚…culturalneeds文化需求reputation聲望givepublicityto…宣傳…causeirreversibledamage造成不可逆轉的損失nationalidentityandvalue民族特性和價值觀removeprejudiceandmisunderstanding消除偏見和誤解symbol象征enjoygreatpopularity廣受歡迎culturaldevolution文化退化culturalinsights文化視角learnaboutthewould了解世界athrillingexperience一種令人激動的經(jīng)歷abstract抽象的concrete具體的movesomebodytotears使…感動落淚getrelaxedandentertained得到放松和娛樂hasitsvalue有其自己價值inspiration靈感scopeofknowledge知識面spreadknowledge傳播知識lastingartisticworks永恒的藝術作品breakwitholdcustoms拋棄傳統(tǒng)carrydownfromgenerationtogeneration代代相傳Advocatethenewlifestyle.倡導新的生活方式Bedifferentfrom…與…不同directexperience直接經(jīng)驗satiatepeople’spsychologicaldemands滿足心理需求Attachmoreimportanceto…更重視…spiritualenhancement精神升華amirrorof…是…的一面鏡子contributeto…有助于…asenseofcoolandsatisfaction一種愜意的感覺nurtureimagination培養(yǎng)想象力meditation沉思anessenceofimmortality永恒的精髓instructive有啟發(fā)性的arouseone’scuriosityaboutsomething引發(fā)某人對某事的好奇心enrichone’sknowledge豐富某人知識valueofknowledge知識的價值culturaldifferences文化差異性timeisfleetingandartislong時光飛逝，藝術永恒

藝術類picture,painting圖畫frame畫框chassis畫布繃架canvas畫布studio畫室pinacotheca畫廊,美術館easel畫架,調(diào)色板palette畫板pigment顏料charcoalpencil炭筆paletteknife調(diào)色刀spatula繪畫抹刀,刮鏟brush畫筆stroke一筆finishingtouch最后一筆painter畫家artist大師,藝術家painting,drawing畫(名)paint,draw畫(動)study習作sketch素描;草稿pencilsketch鉛筆素描charcoalsketch炭筆素描linedrawing線條畫caricature漫畫watercolor水彩畫gouache水粉畫;樹膠水彩畫oilpainting油畫brushdrawing毛筆畫Chinesepainting國畫drawingfromnature寫生畫portrait畫像self-portrait自畫像cavepainting,rupestrianpainting石洞壁畫paintinginfresco壁畫temperapainting膠畫gouache樹膠水彩畫pasteldrawing蠟筆畫wash水墨畫sanguine紅鉛筆畫miniature微型畫;小畫像；細密畫en