垂直加載校準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)龍門框架的結(jié)構(gòu) 設(shè)計(jì)

（題題目：垂直加載校準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)龍門框架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)ANSYSTheoryofFiniteElementAnalysisandItsDevelopment1ThebasictheoryoffiniteelementanalysisThebasicconceptofthefiniteelementanalysisisasimpleproblemsolvingcomplexproblemsafterinstead.Itwillbeconsideredbymanysolvingdomainfinitewidthofsmallcalledsubfieldsofeveryunit,theassumptionofanappropriateapproximatesolutionissolved,andthenthedomaintomeettheconditionsoftheproblem.Thissolutionisnotaccuratesolution,butapproximatesolutionactualproblem,becausebyasimplequestion.Becausemostofthepracticalproblems,andtogettheexactsolutionoffiniteelementcalculationprecision,andcanadapttoallkindsofcomplexshapes,thusbecomeeffectiveengineeringanalysismethod.Finiteelementistheactualtogethertosaythediscreteelementfordomain.Theconceptoffiniteelementinearlycenturiesagohasproducedandused,suchasusingpolygonalapproximationroundtocalculatetheperimeterofacircle,butasakindofmethod,iswasrecently.Finiteelementmethodwasoriginallycalledmatrixmethodwasappliedtoapproximatetheaircraftstructurestrengthcalculation,andbecauseofitsconvenience,practicabilityandvalidityinmechanicsandtheinterestofresearchscientists.Afterdecadesofefforts,withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnologyandpopularization,finiteelementmethodfromthestructurestrengthanalysisextendsalmostallofthescienceandtechnologyfield,becomeakindofrichandcolorful,wideapplicationandpracticalefficientnumericalanalysismethod.Finiteelementmethodforsolvingboundaryvalueproblemswithotherfundamentaldifferencebetweentheapproximatemethodofapproximaterestrictedrelativelysmallsondomain.Early1960sfirstputforwardtheconceptofstructuralmechanicscalculationfemCloughprofessorvividlyportrayitas:"finiteelementmethod(fem)=RayleighRitz+piece-wisefunction".Willafunctiondefinitioninsimplegeometricshapes,andnotonunitofthewholedomainconsidercomplexboundaryconditions,thefiniteelementmethodissuperiortoothersimilarmethods.2ThebasicstepsfiniteelementsolutionThefirststeptosolvingproblems,anddefinedaccordingtotheactualproblems:theapproximatesolutiondeterminephysicalpropertiesandgeometryfield.Thesecondstep,solvingdomaindiscretization:willhavedifferentapproximatesolutiondomainsforlimitedsizeandshapeandconnectedtoeachotheratafiniteelementdiscretizationdomain,thecomponentiscalledonhabitsnetworkdivisionelement.Obviouslythesmallerunits(network),theapproximationdegreeofdiscretedomain,thebetterresults,butalsomoreaccuratecalculationanderrorwillincrease,sothedomainisdiscretizedfiniteelementmethodisoneofthecoretechnology.Thethirdstep,thestatevariablesandcontrolmethods:aspecificphysicalproblemsoftencanuseagroupcontainsproblemofstatevariableboundaryconditions,suitablefordifferentialequationforthefiniteelement,thedifferentialequationoffunctionalequivalenceintoform.Fourthstep,theunitissuitableforconstructingaunit,theapproximatesolutionisderived,andthelimitedunit,includingthereasonableselectionofunit,unittestsystem,somemethodsoffunctionofeachunitofdiscretevariablesstaterelations,thusformingaunitmatrix.Fifthstep,FinalAssemblySolution:willformofdiscreteelementtotalmatrixequation(jointequationsofapproximatesolution),reflecttherequirementsofdiscretedomain,namelythecontinuityoftheunitshouldsatisfycertainfunctionsofcontinuouscondition.Assemblyisinadjacentunitnodes,statevariablesandderivativecontinuitybasedonnode.Sixthstep,simultaneousequationandtheresultsexplain:finiteelementmethodofsimultaneousequations,ultimately,simultaneousequationssolvingmethod,chooseandcandirectlyandstochasticmethod.Theresultsareunitnodesstatevariableapproximation.Forthecalculationresultsofthequality,willprovidethedesigncriterionwithcomparisontoevaluatethevalue,anddeterminewhetherneedrepetitioncomputation.3ANSYSfiniteelementanalysissoftwareANSYSisstructure,fluid,electricfield,magneticfield,acousticanalysisinoneofthefiniteelementanalysissoftware.Bytheworld'slargestsoftwarecompanyandoneofthefiniteelementanalysissoftwareANSYS,theU.S.andmostofitsdevelopment,realizetheCADsoftwareinterfaceofdataexchangeandsharing,itismoderndesignofadvancedCADtoolproduct.Softwaremainlyincludesthreeparts:theformerprocessingmodule,analysisandcalculationmoduleandthepost-processingmodule.Formerprocessingmoduleprovidesapowerfulentitymodelingandmeshtools,userscaneasilystructurefiniteelementmodel,Analysisandcalculationmodulestructureanalysis(includelinearanalysis,nonlinearanalysisandhighlynonlinearanalysis),fluiddynamicsanalysis,electromagneticfieldanalysis,analysisandpiezoelectricanalysisandmulti-physicalcouplinganalysis,cansimulatevariousphysicalmediainteraction,thesensitivityanalysisandoptimizationanalysisability,Post-processingmodulecanbecalculatedresultsbycolorcontourshows,gradientvectordisplay,explosivedisplay,mark,stereodisplaysectionsshow,transparentandtranslucentdisplaygraphicaldisplaymode,alsocanbecalculatedresultsbychart,curveformshowsoroutput,softwareprovidesmorethan100typesofunit,usedtosimulatetheengineeringofstructureandmaterials.3.1Pre-processingmodule:entitymodelingandmeshing3.1.1ANSYSprocedureprovidestwosolidmodelingmethodsTop-downandbottom-up.Top-downformodeling,userdefinedamodelofthehighestfigure,suchastheball,prisms,knownasthebase,theprogramautomaticallydefinerelatedsurface,lineandpoint.Usingtheseadvancedgraphicaluserdirectlytectonicgeometrymodel,suchastwo-dimensionalcircleandrectangleaswellasthreedimensionalblock,ball,awlandcolumn.Nomatterusetop-downorbottomupmodeling,userscanuseBooleancombinationstodatasets,thusthe"a"sculptureentitymodel.ANSYSprogramprovidescompleteBooleanoperation,suchasaddition,subtraction,cross,partition,andcohere,overlapping.Increatingcomplexentitymodel,line,face,body,theBooleanoperationcanreduceconsiderablemodelingwork.ANSYSprogramalsoprovidesadilatory,rotate,mobile,extensionandcopyentitymodeloffunction.Additionalfeaturesincludearctectonicandtangentstructure,throughthedragandrotatinggeneratingsurfaceandbody,lineandplaneautomaticintersectionoperationandautomaticchamfering,meshpointforthehard,mobile,copyanddelete.Bottomupformodeling,usersfromthelowestfigureuptectonicmodel,namely:userfirst,thendefinekeypointisrelatedtotheline,thesurfaceandthebody.3.1.2ANSYSprogramprovideshighquality,usetheconvenienceofCADmodelofmeshingfunctionIncludesfourmeshingmethod:extension,image,freedomandadaptivepartition.Extensionwillbeatwo-dimensionalgridcanbeextendedtoa3dmeshgrid,thenselecttheappropriateelementsattributesandgridcontrolgeneratedimagegrid.ANSYSprogramfreegriddelimitdifferentiatorfunctionisverystrong,canbedividedforcomplexmodeldirectly,avoidtheusertoeachdivisionandthenassemblepartsdoesnotmatcheachpartofthegrid.Adaptivemeshingisgeneratedinthephysicalmodelwithboundaryconditions,userinstructionsprogramautomaticallygeneratefiniteelementmesh,analysis,andestimatethegridofdiscreteerror,thenagaintoredefinethemeshsize,analysisandcalculation,theestimationerrorofdiscretegrid,untiltheerrorofuserdefinedbeloworachieveuserdefinedsolution.3.2SolvingmodulePretreatmentstagefinishmodeling,userscanbeobtainedinsolutionphaseanalysisresults.Inthisstage,theusercandefineanalysistypes,analysisoptionsandloadandloadoptionstepoptions,thenstartfiniteelement.ANSYSsoftwareprovidesanalysistypeisasfollows:3.2.1StructurestaticanalysisTosolvetheloadstressanddisplacement,causedbyforce.Thestaticanalysisisverysuitableforsolvingtheinertiaanddampingofthestructurewasnotsignificant.ThestaticanalysisprogramANSYSlinearanalysescannotonly,butalsoforthenonlinearanalysis,suchasplastic,creep,expansionandlargedeformation,largestrainandcontactanalysis.3.2.2StructuredynamicsanalysisStructuredynamicsanalysistosolvetheloadchangeswithtimeforstructureorcomponents.Isdifferentwiththestaticallyanalysis,themechanicalanalysisneedstoconsideralongwiththetimevariationstrengthloadaswellasittothedampingandtheinertiainfluence.ANSYSmaycarryonthestructuredynamicsanalysistypeincludes:transientdynamicanalysisandmodalanalysisandharmonicresponseanalysisandrandomvibrationresponseanalysis.3.2.3StructurenonlinearanalysisStructuralnonlinearcausetheresponsetostructureorcomponentswithexternalloadproportion.ANSYSprocedurecanbeusedtosolvethenonlinearstaticandtransientproblems,includingmaterialnonlinearity,geometrynonlinearandunitnonlinearthree.3.2.4DynamicanalysisANSYSprogramcananalyzelarge-scaleThree-dimensionalsoftbodymovement.Whenthemovementofaccumulationeffectplaystheleadingrole,canusethesefunctionanalysisofcomplexstructureinmotioncharacteristics,andsurestructureresultingfromstress,strainanddeformation.3.2.5ThermalanalysisProgramsthatcanhandletheheattransferofthethreebasictypes,conduction,convectionandradiation.Threetypesofheattransferallcanundertakesteadyandtransient,thelinearandnonlinearanalysis.Thermalanalysisalsohascansimulatetheprocessofsolidificationandmeltedmaterialphaseanalysisability,andthesimulationofThermal--Structurecouplinganalysisability,betweenheatandstructuralstress.3.2.6ElectromagneticanalysisMainlyusedforanalysisofelectromagneticfield,suchasinductanceandcapacitance,fluxdensity,eddycurrent,thedistributionoftheelectricfield,fielddistribution,forceandmotioneffects,circuitandtheenergyloss,etc.Alsocanbeusedforsolenoid,regulators,generators,converter,magnet,accelerator,cellandnondestructivetestingdevicesdesignedandanalyzed.3.2.7FluiddynamicsanalysisANSYSfluidunitcanfluiddynamicsanalysisandanalysisforthetransientortypeofsteady.Analysisresultscanbeeachnodeofthepressureandflowratebyeachunit.Andcanmakeuseofpost-processingfunctionpressure,flowrateandthetemperaturedistributionofthegraphicdisplay.Inaddition,stillcanuseof3dsurfaceeffectunitandhot-flowpipeunitsimulatesthestructureoffluidflowandthermalconvection.3.2.8AcousticanalysisTheprocedureacousticsfunctionistostudysoundwaveinthemediumcontainingfluidsorintheanalysisoffluidandsolidstructuredynamiccharacteristics.Thesefunctionscanbeusedtodeterminetheaudiofrequencyresponse,studyofmusichallofintensitydistributionfield,orforecastsofwateronthehullvibrationdampingeffect.3.2.9PiezoelectricanalysisUsedforanalysisof2-dor3-dstructuretoAC(AC),IX3(dc)oranychangeswithtimeofcurrentormechanicalloadresponse.Thistypeofanalysiscanbeusedtoheatexchanger,resonators,oscillators,microphonesetcpartsandotherelectronicequipmentstructuredynamicperformanceanalysis.Ontheanalysisoffourtypes:staticanalysisandmodal