2022-2023年遼寧省鐵嶺市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年遼寧省鐵嶺市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Thebuyersofelectricorplug-inhybridcarscanenjoyasumof$7,500in______.

2.UsingLandWisely

Averyimportantworldproblem—infact,IaminclinedtosayitisthemostimportantofallthegreatworldproblemswhichfaceUSalthepresenttime—istherapidlyincreasingpressureofpopulationonlandandonlandresources.

Itisnotsomuchtheactualpopulationoftheworldbutitsrateofincreasewhichisimportant,Itworksouttobeabout1.6percentperannualnetincrease.Intermsofnumbersthismeanssomethinglikefortytoforty-fivemillionadditionalpeopleeveryyear.Canadahasapopulationoftwentymillion-ratherlessthansixmonths'climbinworldpopulation.TakeAustralia.TherearetenmillionpeopleinAustralia.So,ittakestheworldlessthanthreemonthstoaddtoitselfapopulation.LettheUStakeourowncrowdedcountry—EnglandandWales:forty-fivetofiftymillionpeople—justaboutayear'ssupply.

Bythistimetomorrow,andeveryday,therewillbeaddedtotheearthabout120,000extrapeoplejustaboutthepopulationofthecityofYork.

Iamnottalkingaboutbirthrate.Thisisnetincrease.Togiveyousomeideaofbirthrate,lookatthesecondhandofyourwatch.Everysecondthreebabiesarebornsomewhereintheworld.Anotherbaby!Anotherbaby!Anotherbaby!Youcannotspeakquicklyenoughtokeeppacewiththebirthrate.

Thisenormousincreaseofpopulationwillcreateimmenseproblems.ByA.D.2000,unlesssomethingdesperatehappens,therewillbeasmanyas7,000,000,000peopleonthesurfaceofthisearth!Sothisisaproblemwhichyouaregoingtoseeinyourlifetime.

Whyisthisenormousincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?ItisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandthepracticeofwhatiscomingtobecalledDeathControl.YouhaveheardofBirthControl?DeathControlissomethingratherdifferent.DeathControlrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandthenursesandthehospitalsandthehealthservicesinkeepingalivepeoplewho,afewyearsago,wouldhavediedofsomeoftheincrediblyseriouskillingdiseases,astheyusedtobe.Squalidconditions,whichwecanremedybyanimprovedstandardofliving,causedalotofdiseaseanddirt.Medicalexaminationsatschoolcatchdiseasesearlyandensurehealthierschoolchildren.Scientistsareatworkstampingoutmalariaandothermoredeadlydiseases.Ifyouareseriouslyillthereisanambulancetotakeyoutoamodemhospital.Medicalcarehelpstokeeppeoplealivelonger.Weusedtothinkseventywasagoodage;noweighty,ninety,itmaybe,arecomingtoberecognizedasanormalageforhumanbeings.PeoplearelivinglongerbecauseofthisDeathControl,andfewerchildrenaredying,sothepopulationoftheworldisshootingup.

ImaginethepositionifyouandIandeveryoneelselivingonearthsharedthesurfacebetweenus.Howmuchshouldwehaveeach?Itwouldbejustovertwelveacres—thesortofsizeofasmallholding.Butnotallthatisusefullandwhichisgoingtoproducefood.Wecancutoutone-fifthofit,forexample,asbeingtoocold.Thatislandwhichiscoveredwithiceandsnow—AntarcticaandGreenlandandthegreatfrozenareasofnorthernCanada.Thenwecancutoutanotherfifthasbeingtoodry—thegreatdesertsoftheworldliketheSaharaandtheheartofAustraliaandotherareaswherethereisnoknownwatersupplytofeedcropsandsotoproducefood.Thenwecancutoutanotherfifthasbeingtoomountainousorwithtoogreatanelevationabovesealevel.Thenwecancutoutanothertenthaslandwhichhasinsufficientsoil,probablyjustrockatthesurface.Now,outofthetwelveacresonlyaboutfourareleftassuitableforproducingfood.Butnotallthatisused.Itincludeslandwithenoughsoilandenoughrainfallorwater,andenoughheatwhich,atpresent,wearenotusing,suchas,forexample,thegreatAmazonforestsandtheC

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

______amongthemostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestruction.

A.Thunderboltis

B.Housefiresandfloodsare

C.Powersurgesare

D.Kids'rearrangingdatais

4.

Shoppersshopforproductsandservicesacrossthecountryandaroundtheworld,theyuse______,usingacomputer.

5.

______hasthehighestnumberofilliteratepeople.

6.

InThailand,themostpopularsecondlanguagenowadaysisChinese.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

TheIndianshadinventedthehammocklongbeforetheEuropeanscametoSouthAmerica.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Thesolarspectrumincludesvisiblelight,infraredlight,X-rays,and______.

9.

Whenstudentsknowaboutthereasonsfortakingtests,theywillapproachthemwith______.

10.

TheIceChapel,ameetingplaceforguests,isalsotheplacefor______.

11.

Inordertogettheinformationofhowmuchsugarthereisinafood,youneedtohaveacloselookat______.

12.

HackerscoulddoamazingthingsinAPLwithjust______.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,thosefascinatedtotravelareheldbackfromtravelingaroundtheworldby______.

14.

Thetermbirdbrainisusedtodescribe______people.

15.

MarkHaywardshadshown______fromhisearlyteensbuthiscounselorshadfailedtowarnhisparentsaboutit.

16.

BelowthecanopylevelofatropicalrainforestgrowsanOverabundanceofplants.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Animalscannotsurvivesomecatastrophiceventssuchasstarvation,disease,orcompetitionfromotherspecies.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

AccordingtoArthurKrieger,wecanlearnthat______.

A.Hewouldliketoreplacetheoldbatteryfornewone.

B.Hewouldratherbuyanewcarthanreplacebattery.

C.Hewantstousethelatestbattery.

D.Hecomplainsthehighcostofreplacingbattery.

19.AroundtheWorldinEightMegabytes

WhenMicrosoftputtheoriginalFlightSimulatorprogramontothemarket,intheearly1980s,Itrieditforawhileandthengaveup.Ihadthoughtitwouldbefunto"takeoff"fromMeigsField,theairportontheChicagolakefrontwherethesimulatorwasprogrammedtostart,andflybetweentheskyscrapersofthecitytowardwhateverdestinationIchose.Buttheon-screensceneryturnedouttobesketchyanduninteresting.Worse,Ihadnoideahowto"land"theplane,atMeigsoranywhereelse,andtheprogramwasnotmuchhelpinteachingme.Aftertenortwentyflightsthatendedmainlywithnosedivesintothelakeorcountryside,IdecidedIcouldhavemorefuninotherways.

AdozenyearslaterIbecameinterestedinlearningtofly(andland)realairplanes,andIthoughtIshouldlookatsimulatorsagain.Therewerenowarangeofprograms,whichweremuchmoreeffectiveinteachingflyingskills--oratleastcertainskills.Theyhadalsobecomeaform.ofentertainmentandvirtualadventurecaptivatingenoughtoattractvastnumbersofusersworldwide.AccordingtoGuinnessWorldRecords2001,Microsoft'sFlightSimulatorhadsoldatotalof21millioncopiesbyJuneof1999.

Simulators'successiscertainlydeserved.Notmanypeopleflyrealairplanes;fewerthan650,000Americansarelicensedpilots.Butalargergroupprobablywouldliketofly.Andevenpeoplewhohavealmostnointerestinflying(surelyeverybodyfindsitalittlebitexcitingtopretendtozoomthroughtheair)orwhoviewcomputergamesasinherentlycreepywouldfindithardtoignorethebestmodemversions.Onabig,high-resolutioncomputerscreenyoucanfindyourselffacingallamazinglyexactrenditionofaLearjetcockpit,flyinglowovertheGrandCanyonatdawn,withflashesoflightningvisibleinthedistance,asyoulistentoair-trafficcontrollersdirectyoutotheFlagstaffairport.YoucantakeoffinapontoonplanefromalagooninBali,flyoverpaddiesontheterracedhillsides,andthenheadtowardjava'svolcaniccraters.YoucanapproachAyersRock,inthecenterofAustralia,andwatchshadowsmoveacrossitasthesungoesdown.Youcanindulgeinmuchofthevisualromanceofflying,withoutthetime,expense,andtrainingrequiredtopilotarealplane.

Theserivetingeffectsaretheresultofanintriguingdefactodivisionoflabor.Theprogramsthemselvesareailcommercialproducts,fromMicrosoftandanumberofsmallfirms.Butawidevarietyofadd-onsandimprovementscomefromtensofthousandsofhobbyistsaroundtheworld,whospendcountlesshourspolishingorimprovingsomeaspectofaprogram--andthenposttheirworkontheInternetforotherstoshare.Theflight-simcultureisadelightfulreminderofalong-forgottenera,somewherebackinthe1990s,whenpeoplewereexcitedaboutcreatingsoftwareforthenewthingsitwouldletthemdo,notsimplyasameansofgainingmarketshare.

Theflight-simmarketresemblestherestofthesoftwarebusinessmainlyinthatthemostpopularofferingisfromMicrosoft.ThecurrentversionofMicrosoft'sprogramisFlightSimulator2000,orFS2000,whichcomputerdiscountersofferforabout$50.(A"professional"versioncostsabout$70.Itincludesmoresimulatedairplanesandalargernumberofplaceswhosesceneryispresentedinextra-realisticdetail.)WithFS2000andmostotherprogramsyoucan"fly"frompracticallyanypointonearthtoanyother;thedifferencesamongtheprogramsliemostlyinthedegreeofscenicdetail,pluscertainaspectsoftheairplanes'lookandperformance.Withalltheseprogramsyoucanalsospecifytheweatherconditionsthroughwhichyou'llpassonanyparticulartrip:clouds,wind,turbulence,rain.Thefanciestprogramsletyoudownloadthereal-timeweatherforyourroute,fromaviationsitesonthe

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Thebasicprinciplesappliedtonatural-gasvehiclesarequitedifferentfromthoseappliedtogasoline-poweredvehicles.

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(17)

A.Shemoansthemanshouldgiveuppreparingthelessons.

B.Shemeansthemanshouldpreparethemoreimportantlessons.

C.Shemoansthemanshouldgetupearlytopreparehislessons,

D.Shemeansthemanistooexhaustedtopreparethelessons.

22.(15)

A.Becausetheyhavesomefinancialproblems.

B.BecausetherewillbemuchraininMay.

C.Becausetheywon'thavefreetimeinMay

D.Becausetheycan'thaveeverythinggotreadybythen.

23.(35)

A.Illustratethewaystorepairhisbicycle.

B.Discusstheproblemsofhisbicycle.

C.Tellushowtosolveaproblem.

D.Showushowtoanalysesaproblem.

24.(24)

A.Quitthegameandgoaway.

B.Watchherpartnerplayingcards.

C.Teachthemanhowtoplaybridge.

D.Playcardsincooperationwithherpartner.

25.(40)

26.

【B5】

27.(16)

A.Shewillgodirectlytothebosswithherproblems.

B.Shewillkeeptheproblemsbyherself.

C.Shewilllethermotherspeaktothebossaboutherproblems.

D.Shewilltellherboss'smotherabouttheproblems.

28.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Hethinksitisratherhot.

B.Hethinksitisreallywarm.

C.Hethinksitisnotwarm.

D.Hethinksitisverycomfortable.

29.聽力原文：W:IturnedmyapplicationinonFridayevening.

M:IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavedoneitsooner.Thejobpaysverywell.

Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkabouttheapplication?

(18)

A.Theapplicationshouldbewell-written.

B.Theapplicationshouldhavebeensentassoonaspossible.

C.Theapplicationwillcertainlybringhimgreatprofit.

D.Theapplicationcanhelphimgetthatgoodjob.

30.(25)

A.Becausethey'requiteimpressivewithastrongeffect.

B.Becausetheyarenotsofrustratingasotherexpressions.

C.Becausetheyarepracticedandrepeatedonceandagain.

D.Becausetheyaremostpeople'sfavoritewords.

31.聽力原文：M:I'msorry,Madam.Thetrainissomewhatbehindtheschedule.CouldyoupleasetakeaseatandI'lltellyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.

W:Thankyou.I'11justsithereandreadthemagazineinthemeantime.

Q:Whatcanyouconcludeaboutthetrainfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.It'sontime.B.It'scrowded.C.It'sempty.D.It'slate.

32.(22)

A.￡5．B.￡30.C.￡50．D.￡55.

33.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：Givingbirthtoachildwasalife-or-deathstruggleforthemotherandbabyaslateastheearlyhalfofthiscentury;anestimatesurveyrevealedamortalityrateamongmothersashighas15perthousandandinfantmortalityashighas200perthousandatthattime.Midwiferywaspracticedbythemother-in-law,themotherherself,ormorepopular,byanelderlywomaninthevillagewhopracticedmoresuperstitiousmeansthanusefulaidtothemother.

BythetimeofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,somesixtyyearsago,abasicmaternityandchildhygienefacilityhadbeenestablishedinChina.Thestatisticsfor1950revealthattherewere126maternityand/orchildhygienehospitalsorinstitutions,54midwiferyschoolsand45,910trainedmidwives.

Whileeffortsweremadetotrainmoremedicalworkers,traditionalmidwiveswerealsotrainedinthenewmidwiferymethod.Whentheygraduated,theywereabletodeliverababysafelyinthecaseofnormalbirths,andtodiagnoseadifficultlaborinitsearlystages.

Thankstothepopularizationofthenewmethod,childbedfeverandinfantiletetanusrateswitnessedasignificantdecline.However,difficultlabor,post-natalhemorrhageandprematuredeliverywerethreateningwomen'slives.Topreventthis,theChinesegovernmentstartedtoestablishandperfectagrassrootshealthcasesystemforpregnantwomen.

Givingbirthtoachildwasalife-or-deathstruggleforthemotherandbabyaslateastheearlyhalfofthiscentury;anestimatesurveyrevealeda(36)______rateamongmothersashighas15perthousandandinfantmortalityashighas200perthousandatthattime.Midwiferywaspracticedbythemother-in-law,themotherherself,ormore(37)______,byanelderlywomaninthevillagewhopracticedmore(38)______meansthanusefulaidtothemother.

Bythetimeofthe(39)______ofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,somesixtyyearsago,abasicmaternityandchildhygiene(40)______hadbeenestablishedinChina.Thestatisticsfor1950(41)______thattherewere126maternityand/orchildhygienehospitalsor(42)______,54midwiferyschoolsand45,910trained(43)______.

Whileeffortsweremadetotrainmoremedicalworkers,traditionalmidwiveswerealsotrainedinthenewmidwiferymethod.(44)____________.

(45)____________.However,difficultlabor,post-natalhemorrhageandprematuredeliverywerethreateningwomen'slives.(46)____________.

34.聽力原文：Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

Somethinghasgonewrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Akeyingredientisdisappearing:responsibility,whichmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisactions.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,nolaw,andultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeresponsibilityonpeoplewhorefusetoimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,controlsonpeople'sbehavior.arefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestrictionssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Yetgradually,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestrictionsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlife.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Nowit'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminalfromresponsibility,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuses.Wedesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

(30)

A.Becausegoodmenarenotassmartasthepolice.

B.Becausegoodpeoplehavenosenseofguilt.

C.Becausegoodpeoplehavehardlydoneanythingtopreventcrimes.

D.Becausegoodpeoplecommitmorecriminalactivitiesrecently.

35.

【B2】

36.聽力原文：W:James,Idon'tknowifyouknowthis.ButI'mpreparedtorunfor.classpresidentandI'mwonderingifI,ifIcancountonyourvote.

M:Oh,maybeifyouaskedmesooner.Butmyroommate'srunningtooandI'vealreadypromisedhimhehadmysupport.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(16)

A.Hewon'tvoteforthewoman.

B.Hemayalsorunforclasspresident.

C.Heshouldpromisetosupportthewoman.

D.Thewomanshouldaskhisroommatetovoteforher.

37.聽力原文：W:DoyouremembertheduedateforourfinalpaperonInterculturalCommunication?

M:Ithinkit'sthelastdayofclass.ButProf.Smithsaidnottowaituntilthelastminutetohanditin.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Prof.Smithsuggestedthatallstudentsattendthelastclass.

B.Prof.Smithsuggestedthatallstudentsfinishtheassignmentbeforethedeadline.

C.Prof.Smithsuggestedthat'allstudentswaitafewminutesafterthelastclass.

D.Prof.Smithsuggestedthatallstudentswatchtheclockcarefullyonthelastdayofclass.

38.(21)

A.Thelanguagelaboratory.

B.Travel.

C.Studyinginhighschool.

D.GoingtomoviesandwatchingTV.

39.

【B3】

40.【B2】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Exams,grades,andmarksshouldbeabolishedbecausechildren'sprogressshouldonlybeassessedby______.

A.educatedpersons

B.thechildrenthemselves

C.teachers

D.parents

42.

Humanitiescurriculumdiffersfromthescholasticeducation______.

A.inthepointthattheyhaddifferentassumptionsofsociety

B.becausehumanistswerenotinterestedinthescholasticcurriculum

C.formanyofthehumanistsweretownspeople

D.becausetheyweredifferentinreligiousbeliefs

43.(58)

44.

Manydeveloperprefermass-producedhousesbecausethey______.

45.LaineCaspi,CEOofParentsofInvention,beginshermorningat6:30a.m.,whenshereadsE-mail.Thenshegetsher7-year-oldsonand3-year-olddaughterreadyforschool.Bothkidsareoutthedoorby9a.m.,andthenCaspiputsinanadditionalthreehoursofcompanytime.Caspipicksupthekidsbetweennoonand3p.m.andspendstherestofthedaydealingwithcell-phonecallsandmotheringchores(家務(wù)雜事)likehelpingthechildrenwithhomework.She'susuallystillansweringE-mailafterthekidsgotobed.

Thisistheworldoftheworkingmothertoday,where"work-lifebalance"hasevolvedtomeansomethingdrasticallydifferentfromwhatitdidjustfiveyearsago.Increasingly,workandlifearebarelyseparate—they'refluid.Oneflowsintotheotherasgrowinglegionsofmotherswhoareentrepreneurs,or"mompreneurs",worktoteardownbarriersandredefinetheworkplace.

ThenumberofwomenintheU.S.workforcehasdoubledsince1970.Butuntilthepastfewyears,thevastmajoritywhoworkedhadlittlechoicebuttoleavetheirchildrenatday-carecentersorwithcaregiversandjointhe9-to-5compartmentalizedworkplace.However,womenalsocontinuedtotakemanyrolesatallhoursandstillhandle75%ofthehousework.

Technologicaladvances—chiefamongthem,theInternetandcellphones—havehelpedalterthatdynamic.Anotherfactorischangingattitudes,especiallyamongwomenofGenerationXintheirlate20sand30s.Astheylaunchtheircareersandpreparetohavechildren,they'redemanding—andoftengetting—radicallydifferentworkarrangementsfromthosetheirmothersdid."GenerationXersarewillingtotakeastandandaremoreinterestedinflexibilityandmakingitworkfortheirfamilies,ratherthanthesecurityofhavingajobliketheirpredecessors,"saysSusanSeitel,presidentofWork&FamilyConnection,ahumanresourcesconsultinggroup.Workingmotherswhocan'tgetemployerstoofferflexibleworkingarrangementsarestrikingoutontheirown.Womenarestartingbusinessesattwicetherateofallbusinesses.From1997to2004,employmentatfemale-ownedcompaniesgrewby24.2%,morethantwicetherateofthe11.6%loggedbyallbusinesses,andthepaceofrevenueincreasewasalsohigher—39%vs.33.5%.

Reshapedworkdaysaren'tjustthepreserveofwomenwhohavestartedtheirownbusinesses.Withthejoblessratebelow5.5%,competitionforskilledemployeesisforcingmanycompaniestoofferworkingmothersarrangementsunheardofadecadeago.AtmanagementconsultingfirmBain&Co.,employeesareallowedtochooseflexibleoptionsthatfittheirworkingstyle.Sometimes,thatmeansshiftingschedulesaccordingtotheneedsofthefamily.

InatypicaldayofLaineCaspi,shespendsmostofhertime________.

A.outsideherworkingplace

B.inreplyingcellsphonesandE-mails

C.inlookingafterherchildren

D.indealingwithhousework

46.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Accordingtoamuch-reportedsurveycarriedoutin2002,Britainthenhad4.3millionclosed-circuittelevisioncameras(CCTV)--oneforevery14peopleinthecountry.Thatfigurehassincebeenquestioned,butfewdoubtthatBritonsarecloselyobservedwhentheywalkinthestreets.Itissupposedtopreventanddetectcrime.Eventhegovernment'sstatistics,though,suggestthatthecamerashavedonelittletoreducetheworstsortofcriminalactivity,violence.

Thatmay,however,beabouttochange,andinanunexpectedway.Itisnotthatthecamerasandtheiroperatorswillbecomeanymoreeffective.Rather,theyhaveaccidentallygatheredahugebodyofdataonhowpeoplebehave,andparticularlyonhowtheybehaveinsituationswhereviolenceisintheair.Thismeansthathypotheses(臆測)aboutviolentbehavior.whichcouldnotbetestedexperimentallyforpracticalorethicalreasons,cannowbeexaminedinascientificway.Anditisthatwhichmayhelpviolencetobecontrolled.

OneresearcherwhoisinterestedinthisapproachisMarkLevine,asocialpsychologistatLancasterUniversityinBritainwhostudiescrowds.Crowdshaveabadpress.Theyhavebeenblamedforanti-socialbehavior.throughmechanismsthatincludepeerpressureandthediffusion(擴(kuò)散)ofresponsibility--theideathat"someoneelsewilldosomething,soIdon'thaveto".ButDr.Levinethinksthatcrowdscanalsodiffusepotentiallyviolentsituationsandthatcrimewouldbemuchhigherifitwerenotforcrowds.Ashetoldaseminarcalled"UnderstandingViolence",whichwasorganizedinSwitzerlandearlierthismonth,hehasbeenusingCCTVdatatoexaminethebystandereffect,aso-calledphenomenonwherebypeoplewhowouldhelpastrangerindistressiftheywerealone,failtodosointhepresenceofothers.Hisconclusionisthatitisn'tso.Infact,hethinks,havingacrowdaroundoftenmakesthingsbetter.

InBritain,thereare4.3millionclosed-circuittelevisioncameras,whichareusedto______.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,there-modelingofcitiesshouldtakeintoaccountallofthefollowingexcept______.

A.thebenefitsoffuturegenerations

B.thewillandtheprideofthecitydwellers

C.thepsychologicalneedsoflandowners

D.propertransportationplans

48.

Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

A.MedicalPractice

B.CleverAdvertising

C.Self-Medication

D.Self-Treatment

49.Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenitdoes,itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Indeed,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunate,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexplosion,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint--thatSciencefictionisaliterarysub-genre--isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramas,whichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek'sRUR(Rossum'sUniversalRoots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionistheonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasub-genreoftheprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral--thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,ingeneralap