電動(dòng)相使用的通病及解決方法(中英文)

//電動(dòng)相使用的通病及解決方法（中英文）摘要：交流電動(dòng)機(jī)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的各行各業(yè)起著重要作用。而許多電動(dòng)機(jī)使用年限長(zhǎng)久并缺乏必要的保養(yǎng)維護(hù)．有的在惡劣條件下運(yùn)行，所以時(shí)有電動(dòng)機(jī)燒壞的事情發(fā)生。70％以上電動(dòng)機(jī)燒毀的原因就是如此。就電動(dòng)機(jī)燒毀的原因和解決方法，收及如何防止電動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生故障提出一些解決方法。Abstract:theacmotorinthenationaleconomyinallwalksoflifeplaysanimportantrole.Whilemanymotorusefixednumberofyearforalongtimeandlackofnecessarymaintenance.Someoperationinharshconditions,sothereismotorburnout.That'smorethan70%ofthecauseofthemotorburned.Isthecauseofthemotorburnedandsolutions,andputsforwardsomesolutionstohowtopreventthemotorfailure.關(guān)鍵詞：電動(dòng)機(jī)故障；解決辦法；缺相；電壓；軸承潤(rùn)滑Keywords:motorfault;Thesolution;Lackofphase;Voltage;Bearinglubrication一三相電動(dòng)機(jī)常見故障原因及解決辦法Athree-phasemotorcommonfaultcausesandsolutions1通電后電動(dòng)機(jī)不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，但無異響，也無異味和冒煙。1,afterelectrifymotorcannotturnbutnoring,nopeculiarsmellandsmoke.a電源沒通，至少兩相未通。控制設(shè)備接線錯(cuò)誤，檢查電源回路開關(guān)，熔絲、接線盒處是否有斷點(diǎn)。Apowersupplydidn'tpass,atleasttwophasedidnotpass.Controlequipmentconnectionerror,checkthepowersupplycircuitswitch,fuse,connectorwhetherthereisabreakpoint.b熔絲熔斷最少有兩相熔斷。檢查熔絲型號(hào)、熔斷原因，更換熔絲，最好更換相應(yīng)容量的斷路器-防止電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)行。B)atleasttwophaseblownfusefusing.Checkthefusetype,fusing,replacethefuse,bestreplacementcircuitbreaker-topreventmotorsinglephaseoperationofthecorrespondingcapacity.c電機(jī)已經(jīng)損壞。檢查電機(jī)。Cmotorisdamaged.Checkthemotor.2通電后電動(dòng)機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)，然后熔絲燒斷或斷路器跳閘。2afterelectrifymotordoesnotturn,andthenfuseorcircuitbreakertripped.a缺一相電源，或定子線圈一相反接。檢查斷路器、接觸器是否有一相未合好，或電源回路有一相斷線。Alackofonephasepowersupply,orastatorcoilinstead.Tocheckwhetherthereisacircuitbreaker,contactor,nottogether,thereisaphasebreaklineorpowersupplycircuit.b定子繞組相間短路。查處短路點(diǎn)。Bandstatorwindingshortcircuit.Short-circuitpointisinvestigated.c定子繞組接地。消除接地。Cofthestatorwindingisgrounded.Eliminategrounded.d定子繞組接線錯(cuò)誤。查出誤接，予以更正。Dstatorwindingconnectionerror.Foundtomisconnection,becorrected.e熔絲截面過小。更換較大容量的熔絲，最好換成斷路器。Efusesectionistoosmall.Fusereplacementoflargecapacity,bestwithcircuitbreaker.f電源線短路或接地。消除接地點(diǎn)。Fthepowercordshortcircuitorground.Eliminatepickuplocation.3通電后電動(dòng)機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)，有嗡嗡聲。3afterelectrifymotordoesnotturn,hum.a定子、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組有斷路，一相斷線，或電源一相失電。查明斷點(diǎn)。Astator,rotorwindingcircuit,aphasebreakline,oraphaselossofelectricpowersupply.Findoutthebreakpoint.b繞組引出線始末端接錯(cuò)或繞組內(nèi)部接反。檢查繞組極性，判斷繞組首末端是否正確。Bleadstartwrong,orattheendwindingsagainstinternal.Firstcheckthewindingpolarity,judgewindingendsiscorrect.c電源回路接點(diǎn)松動(dòng)．接觸電阻大。緊固松動(dòng)的接線螺檢，用萬用表判斷各接頭是否假接。Cpowersupplycircuitofloosecontact.Thecontactresistance.Fasteningscrewloosewiring,usemultimetertojudgewhethereachjointfalseanswer.d電動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)載過大或轉(zhuǎn)子卡住。減載或查出并消除機(jī)械故障。Dthemotorloadistoolargeortherotorstuck.Lighteningormechanicalfailuredetectedandeliminated.e電源電壓過低。檢查是否把規(guī)定的△接法誤接為Y接法。是否由于電源導(dǎo)線過細(xì)使壓降過大，予以糾正。Epowersupplyvoltageistoolow.CheckswhetherthespecifieddeltaconnectionmisconnectioninYconnection.Whetherduetothepowersupplywirecarefullymakethepressuredropistoolarge,corrected.f小型電動(dòng)機(jī)裝配太緊或軸承內(nèi)油脂過硬，軸承卡住。重新裝配使之靈活，更換合格油脂。Fsmallmotorassemblyistootightortheoilqualityinbearing,bearingstuck.Reconfigureflexible,replacethequalifiedgrease.4電動(dòng)機(jī)起動(dòng)困難，帶額定負(fù)載時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速低于額定轉(zhuǎn)速。4motorstartingdifficulties,motorspeedislowerthantheratedspeedwiththeratedload.a電源電壓過低。測(cè)量電源電壓．設(shè)法改善。Apowersupplyvoltageistoolow.Powersupplyvoltagemeasurement.Trytoimprove.b△接法誤接為Y接法。糾正接法。BdeltaconnectionmisconnectioninYconnection.Correctconnection.c籠形轉(zhuǎn)子開焊或斷裂。檢查開焊和斷點(diǎn)并修復(fù)。Ccagerotorweldingorfracture.Checktheopenweldingandbreakpointsandrepair.d定子、轉(zhuǎn)子局部線圈錯(cuò)接、接反。查出誤接處，予以改正。e電機(jī)過載。減載。5電動(dòng)機(jī)空載電流不平衡，三相電流相差大。Dstatorandrotorcoiloflocalpickup,pickupthewrong.Founditbyaccident,becorrect.Emotoroverload.Lightening.5motorno-loadcurrentimbalance,threephasecurrentdifferenceisbig.a組首尾端接錯(cuò)。檢查并糾正。Groupafirstendwrong.Checkandcorrect.b電源電壓不平衡。測(cè)量電源電壓，設(shè)法消除不平衡。Bsupplyvoltageimbalance.Measuringvoltage,managedtoeliminatetheimbalance.c繞組有匝間短路、線圈反接等故障。消除繞組故障。Cwindinginterturnshortcircuit,coilreverseconnectionfailure,etc.Eliminatewindingfaults.6電動(dòng)機(jī)空載電流平衡，但數(shù)值大。6motorno-loadcurrentbalance,butthevalueisbig.a電壓過高。檢查電源，設(shè)法恢復(fù)額定電壓。Ahighvoltage.Checkthepowerandtrytorestoreratedvoltage.bY接電動(dòng)機(jī)誤接為△接。改接為Y接。BYthemotorfordeltabymisconnection.ConverttoY.c氣隙過大或不均勻。更換新轉(zhuǎn)子或調(diào)整氣隙。Cairgapistoolarge,oruneven.Replacethenewrotororadjusttheairgap.7電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)響聲不正常，有異響。7whenthemotorrunningnoiseisnotnormal,thereissound.a轉(zhuǎn)與定子絕緣紙或槽楔相擦。修剪絕緣，削低槽楔。Abrushwithstatorinsulationpaperorslotwedgefacies.Clipinsulation,lowcutslotwedge.b軸承磨損或油內(nèi)有砂粒等異物。更換軸承或清洗軸承。Bbearingwearoroilcontainssand,suchasforeignbody.Replacementofbearingorbearingcleaning.c定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心松動(dòng)。檢查定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心。d軸承缺油。加油。e風(fēng)道填塞或風(fēng)扇擦風(fēng)罩。清理風(fēng)道，重新安裝風(fēng)罩。Cofthestatorandrotorcoreisloose.Checkthestatorandrotorcore.Dbearingshortofoil.Comeon.Ewindchannelstuffingorwipewindhoodfan.Cleanuptheairduct,reinstallthewindshield.f定子、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心相擦。消除擦痕，必要時(shí)車小轉(zhuǎn)子。Fthestatorandrotorcorefacies.Removethescratch,carsmallrotorwhennecessary.g電源電壓過高或不平衡。檢查并調(diào)整電源電壓。Gpowersupplyvoltageistoohighorunbalanced.Checkandadjustthepowersupplyvoltage.（版權(quán)聲明：本文轉(zhuǎn)載自論文網(wǎng)在線()，版權(quán)歸原作者所有。）(netofpaperofcopyrightstatement:thisarticlereprintedfromonline(),allpeeroriginator.)h定子繞組錯(cuò)接或短路。消除定子繞組故障。Hofthestatorwindingfaultorshortcircuit.Eliminatethestatorwindingfault.8電動(dòng)機(jī)過熱甚至冒煙8motoroverheatingorevensmokea電源電壓過高，使鐵心發(fā)熱大大增加。降低電源電壓，如調(diào)整供電變壓器分接頭，若是電機(jī)Y、△接法錯(cuò)誤引起，則應(yīng)改正接法。Apowersupplyvoltageistoohigh,makingcoreheatincreasegreatly.Lowersupplyvoltage,suchasadjustingthepowersupplytransformertap,ifYmotor,deltaconnectionerrors,youshouldcorrectconnection.b電源電壓過低，電動(dòng)機(jī)又帶額定負(fù)載運(yùn)行，電流過大使繞組發(fā)熱。設(shè)法改善電源電壓。Bsupplyvoltageistoolow,themotorandratedloadrunning,currentambassadorwindingfever.Trytoimprovethepowersupplyvoltage.c籠形轉(zhuǎn)子斷條。檢查并消除轉(zhuǎn)子故障。Ccagerotorbrokenbar.Checkandremovetherotorfault.d電動(dòng)機(jī)缺相，兩相運(yùn)行?；謴?fù)三相運(yùn)行。Dmotoropenphaseandtwophaseoperation.Recoveryphaserunning.e環(huán)境溫度高，電動(dòng)機(jī)表面污垢多，或通風(fēng)道堵塞。清洗電動(dòng)機(jī)，改善環(huán)境溫度，采用降溫措施。Etheenvironmenttemperatureishigh,themotorsurfacedirt,orventilationplugging.Cleanmotor,improvetheenvironmenttemperature,thecoolingmeasures.f電動(dòng)機(jī)風(fēng)扇故障。通風(fēng)不良。檢查并修復(fù)風(fēng)扇，必要時(shí)更換。Fthemotorfanfault.Poorventilation.Checkandrepairthefan,ifnecessary,replace.g定子繞組故障，相間、匝間短路，定子繞組內(nèi)部連接錯(cuò)誤。檢查定子繞組，消除故障。G,interphones,interturnshortcircuitfaultofstatorwinding,statorwindinginternalconnectionerror.Checkthestatorwinding,eliminatemalfunction.h電動(dòng)機(jī)與負(fù)載間聯(lián)軸器未校正，或皮帶過緊。重新校正，調(diào)整皮帶張力。Hbetweenthemotorandloadcouplingcorrection,orbeltistootight.Correctionagain,adjustthebelttension.二軸承相關(guān)問題及解決方法Twobearingrelatedproblemsandsolutions1由于軸承損壞，軸彎曲等原因致使定、轉(zhuǎn)子磨擦(俗稱掃膛)引起鐵心溫度急劇上升．燒毀槽絕緣、匝間絕緣．從而造成繞組匝間短路或?qū)Φ亍胺排凇?。?yán)重時(shí)會(huì)使定子鐵心倒槽，錯(cuò)位，轉(zhuǎn)軸磨損，端蓋報(bào)廢等。軸承與轉(zhuǎn)子或端蓋配合過松，造成軸承跑內(nèi)圈或外圈。無論跑內(nèi)圈還是跑外圈均會(huì)引起軸承運(yùn)行溫升急劇上升以致燒毀，特別是跑內(nèi)圈故障會(huì)造成轉(zhuǎn)軸嚴(yán)重磨損。但間斷性跑外圈一般情況下不會(huì)造成軸承溫度急劇上升．只要軸承完好?？稍诙松w上的軸承室用銃子銃一圈小麻點(diǎn)。裝軸承時(shí)，一般要對(duì)軸承加熱至80℃～100℃，如采用軸承加熱器，用機(jī)油，變壓器油煮等，只有這樣，才能保證軸承的裝配質(zhì)量。1duetobearingdamage,axisbend,etc.Reason,rotorfriction(commonlyknownasSaulchamber)coretemperaturerisingsharply.Burningslotinsulation,turn-to-turninsulation.Resultinginwindinginterturnshortcircuitortoground"shooting".Seriousworsenedthestatorironcoretrough,dislocation,shaftwearandendcoverscrap,etc.Bearingsandrotororendcovertooloose,resultinginbearinginnerringorouterring.Nomatterrunninginnerringorouterringallwillcausebearingoperatingtemperaturerisesharplythatburned,especiallywithinlapsfaultcancauseashaftseriouswearandtear.Butintermittentrunningouterringgenerallywillnotcausebearingtemperaturerisesharply.Aslongasthebearingingoodcondition.Canuseontheendcoverofthebearingchamberinfantspearacircleofsmallpitting.Bearingwhenloading,generallyforbearingheatingto80℃~100℃,ifusebearingheater,usingengineoil,transformeroil,etc.,onlyinthisway,toguaranteetheassemblyqualityofthebearing.2軸承腔內(nèi)未清洗干凈或所加油脂不干凈。例如軸承保持架內(nèi)的微小剛性物質(zhì)未徹底清理干凈，運(yùn)行時(shí)軸承滾道受損引起溫升過高燒毀軸承安裝軸承前必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的清洗，軸承腔內(nèi)不能留有任何雜質(zhì)．填加油脂時(shí)必須保證潔凈。2bearingcavityisnotcleanornotcleangrease.Suchasbearingcagewithinthetinyrigidmaterialnotthoroughlycleaned,theruntimebearingracewaydamagecausedbyhightemperatureburningbearingbearingbeforeinstallationmustbecarefulcleaning,bearingchambercan'tleaveanyimpurities.Addgreasemustensureclean.3由于電機(jī)本體運(yùn)行溫升過高，且軸承補(bǔ)充加油脂不及時(shí)造成軸承缺油甚至燒毀電機(jī)。電機(jī)外殼要潔凈見本色．通風(fēng)必須有保證，冷卻裝置不能有積垢，風(fēng)葉要保持完好。Ontologyrun3duetothemotortemperaturerisetoohigh,andtheaddedbearinggreasebearingoilshortagecausednotintimeandevenburningmotor.Motorshelltoseeclean.Ventilationmustbeguaranteed,coolingdevicecannothavescale,thebladestoremainintact.4由于不同型號(hào)油脂混用造成軸承損壞。禁止多種潤(rùn)滑油脂混用，軸承運(yùn)行1000～1500H后應(yīng)加一次潤(rùn)滑脂．運(yùn)行2500—3000H后更換潤(rùn)滑脂。潤(rùn)滑脂的填充量：電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速小于1500r／min軸承腔填充2／3；1500—2890r／min填充量1／2。4bearingdamageduetothedifferenttypeoiltomix.Bannedmanykindsoflubricationoiltomix,bearing1000~1500hafteroperationshouldaddagrease.Runthe2500-3000hafterthechangeofgrease.Thefillingquantityofthegrease:motorspeed<1500r/min2/3ofbearingcavityfilling;1500-2890r/minin1/2.5軸承本身存在制造質(zhì)量問題．例如滾道銹斑、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)不靈括、間隙超標(biāo)、保持架變形等。安裝軸承前先要對(duì)軸承進(jìn)行全面仔細(xì)的完好性檢查。5bearingmanufacturingqualityproblemsitself.Suchasgrooverustyspot,hangsaround,clearancebetweenoverweight,cage,deformation,etc.Beforeinstallationofbearingtobearingacomprehensiveintegritycheckcarefully.6備機(jī)長(zhǎng)期不運(yùn)行，油脂變質(zhì)．軸承生銹而又未進(jìn)行中修對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期不用的電機(jī)，使用前必須進(jìn)行必要的解體檢查，更新軸承油脂。6formachineisnotrunningforalongtime,oilmetamorphism.Bearingrustandnotlongforlongwithoutmotor,beforeusemustcarryoutthenecessarydisassemblycheck,updatethebearinggrease.三電機(jī)繞組燒毀的原因及解決辦法。Threemotorwindingburnedthecauseandthesolution.1除防爆電機(jī)外，一般電機(jī)本身密封不是很好，加之環(huán)境跑冒滴漏．使電機(jī)內(nèi)部進(jìn)水或進(jìn)入其它帶有腐蝕性液體或氣體，電機(jī)繞組絕緣受到破壞。1inadditiontotheexplosion-proofmotor,sealingisnotverygood,generalmotorsitselfPaoMaoDiLoucombinedwiththeenvironment.Makethemotorinternalwaterorintootherwithcorrosiveliquidsorgases,motorwindinginsulationdamage.a盡量消除工藝和機(jī)械設(shè)備的跑冒滴漏現(xiàn)象。A.trytoeliminatethephenomenonofcraftandmachineryPaoMaoDiLou.b檢修時(shí)注意搞好電機(jī)的每個(gè)部位的密封，例如在各端蓋涂少量704密封膠，在螺栓上涂抹油脂，必要時(shí)在接線盒等處加裝防滴濺盒，如電機(jī)暴露在易侵入液體和污物的地方應(yīng)作保護(hù)罩。Bpayattentiontothematterineachpartofthemotormaintenanceseal,forexample,intheendcoverwithasmallamountof704sealant,daubgreaseonthebolt,ifnecessaryintheplacesuchasaddantispatterbox,junctionbox,suchasmotorexposedeasilyinvadedaliquidandthecontaminationofshieldingshouldbedone.c對(duì)在此環(huán)境中運(yùn)行的電機(jī)要縮短小修和中修周期，嚴(yán)重時(shí)要及時(shí)進(jìn)行中修。Cmotorrunninginthisenvironmentwouldbeshortenedminorrepairandrepairthecycle,seriouswhenneedstobedoneinatimelymannertorepair.2由于繞組端部較長(zhǎng)或局部受到損傷與端蓋或其它附2becauseofthewindingendislongerthanthelocaldamageandendcoverorotherattached件相磨擦，導(dǎo)致繞組局部燒壞。電機(jī)在更新繞組時(shí)，必須按原數(shù)據(jù)嵌線。檢修電機(jī)時(shí)任何剛性物體不準(zhǔn)碰及繞組，電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子抽芯時(shí)必須將轉(zhuǎn)子抬起，杜絕定、轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯相互磨擦。動(dòng)用明火時(shí)必須將繞組與明火隔離并保證有一定距離。電機(jī)回裝前要對(duì)繞組的完好性進(jìn)行認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的檢查確診。Infriction,resultinginwindingburn.Motorwindingsinupdate,mustaccordingtotheoriginaldataembeddedinline.Repairanyrigidobjectsarenotallowedtotouchandwindingmotor,motorrotorcore-pullingwhentherotorlift,mustbeputanendtoit,therotorironcorefrictioneachother.Useopenflamewhenwindingmustbeisolatedfromopenflameandkeepacertaindistance.Motorbacktotheintegrityofwindingsbeforecarefullycheckdiagnose.3由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間過載或過熱運(yùn)行，繞組絕緣老化加速，絕緣最薄弱點(diǎn)碳化引起匝間短路、相間短路或?qū)Φ囟搪返痊F(xiàn)象使繞組局部燒毀。盡量避免電動(dòng)機(jī)過載運(yùn)行。保證電動(dòng)機(jī)浩凈并通風(fēng)散熱良好。（版權(quán)聲明：本文轉(zhuǎn)載自論文網(wǎng)在線()，版權(quán)歸原作者所有。）Duetolongtimeoverloadoroverh