任務(wù)型閱讀80篇

精編任務(wù)型閱讀80篇2011版（蔡炳成）

考綱解讀

“任務(wù)型閱讀”題是江蘇省根據(jù)《普通高中英語課程標準（實驗）》的總體目標和分項

目標和2008年《全國考試大綱》以及《江蘇省普通高中課程標準教學要求》推出的新題型。

?2009年江蘇高考說明》第四部分的任務(wù)型閱讀提供了兩種示例——表格式和樹狀式。題

例中要求考生根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意每空一

詞。

考查方向

“任務(wù)型閱讀”題型屬于綜合能力考查題，強調(diào)主觀表述，主要考查學生的結(jié)構(gòu)認知能

力、歸納概括能力、語言表達能力、語言理解能力和邏輯推斷能力。

文章體裁：

1.短文多為記敘文、說明文、議論文，長度一般在300—500詞左右。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，寫作

線索明顯，寫作風格規(guī)范。

2.文章具有明確的信息度,便于歸納總結(jié)，如:優(yōu)缺點對比，正反面對比，時間事件對比，人物地點

對比，物品價格對比等。

能力要求：

1.捕捉信息題能從文章中直接找到相關(guān)信息，在無須加工的條件下直接填空。

2.組織信息題找到相關(guān)信息后，根據(jù)題目“每空--個單詞”的要求對信息進行濃縮。

3.綜合信息題寫出標題（文章的標題，行標題,列標題等）。

題型捕捉信息題組織信息題綜合概括題總題數(shù)

題數(shù)5基礎(chǔ)題3活用題2概括題10

結(jié)構(gòu)特點：

1.描述性結(jié)構(gòu)（主要介紹人物，事物）

2.比較性結(jié)構(gòu)

3.原因性結(jié)構(gòu)

4.駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)

解題步驟

略讀采用速讀技巧，快速瀏覽全文，弄清文章及每段的主旨大意：瀏覽表格，理清文章基

本結(jié)構(gòu)。

細讀邊讀邊做，讀時留意與題目相關(guān)的信息點，適當做記號；做時要及時找到相關(guān)段落的

對應(yīng)信息分析整合信息、準確表達。

復讀通觀全篇，復讀檢查，注意拼寫和詞形。

閱讀原則

審大題即看清楚答題要求，尤其是“注意”后的具體要求：屬兩種情況中哪一種（樹狀

式和表格式）；在答題的過程中，能自始至終貫徹這一要求。

審小題認真閱讀表格及其中的內(nèi)容，注意其橫向、縱向的類別規(guī)律和表達方式。

審格式任務(wù)型閱讀題為主觀性試題，答題一定要符合題目要求、句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求、同類或同

欄表達一致性要求；要注意大小寫、字跡等細節(jié)問題，以規(guī)范答題，求得最佳解題效果。

真題剖析

2008高考真題解析

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題I分，滿分10分）

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯?/p>

詞。

注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線.上。

Teamworkisjustasimportantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.Scientific

investigations(調(diào)查)arealmostalwayscarriedoutbyteamsofpeopleworkingtogethei;Ideasare

shared,experimentsaredesigned,dataareanalyzed,andresultsareevaluatedandsharedwith

otherinvestigators.Groupworkisnecessary,andisusuallymoreproductivethanworkingalone.

Severaltimesthroughouttheyearyoumaybeaskedtoworkwithoneormoreofyour

classmates.Whateverthetaskyourgroupisassigned,afewrulesneedtobefollowedtoensurea

productiveandsuccessfulexperience.

Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone'sideasdeserveconsideration

andeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.Secondly,itmakesajobeasierto

dividethegrouptaskamongallgroupmembers.Choosearoleontheteamthatisbestsuitedto

yourparticularstrengths.Thirdly,alwaysworktogether,taketurns,andencourageeachotherby

listening,clarifying,andtrustingoneanother.Mutualsupportandtrustoftenmakeagreat

difference.

Activitieslikeinvestigationsaremosteffectivewhendonebysmallgroups.Herearesome

moresuggestionsforeffectiveteamperformanceduringtheseactivities:Makesureeachgroup

memberunderstandsandagreestothetaskgiventohimorher,andeveryoneknowsexactlywhen,

whyandwhattodo;taketurnsdoingvarioustasksduringsimilarandrepeatedactivities;beaware

ofwhereothergroupmembersareandwhattheyaredoingsoastoensuresafety;beresponsible

foryourownlearning,thoughitisbynomeansunwisetocompareyourobservationswiththose

ofothergroupmembers.

Whenthereisresearchtobedone,dividethetopicintoseveralareas,andthiscanexplorethe

issueinaverydetailedway.Youareencouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedbyeach

person,whichhelpsyoutracebacktotheoriginoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.A

formatforexchanginginfonnation(e.g.,photocopiesofnotes,oraldiscussion,etc.)isalso

important,forawell-chosenmethodnotonlystrengthenswhatyoupresentbutalsomakes

yourselfeasilyunderstood.Whenthetimecomestomakeadecisionandtakeapositiononan

issue,allowforthecontributionsofeachmemberofthegroup.Mostimportantofall,itisalways

wisetomakedecisionsbycompromiseandagreement.

Afteryou'vecompletedataskwithyourteam,makeanevaluationoftheteam'seffectiveness

—thestrengthsandweaknesses,opportunitiesandchallenges.

TitleWorkingTogether

ThemeEffectiveperfbnnanceneedshighlycooperated(71)▲.

Generalrules,Keepanopenmindtoeveryone's(72)▲.

?Dividethegrouptaskamonggroupmembers.

?(73)▲andtrusteachother.

(74)▲,Understandandagreetothe(75)▲taskofone'sown.

?Taketurnsdoingvarioustasks.

,Showconcernforotherstoensuresafety.

?Take(76)▲forone'sownlearning.

?Compareyourownobservationswiththoseofothers.

Exploreanissue?Breakthe(77)▲intoseveralareas.

,Keeprecordsofthesourcesjustin(78)▲.

(79)▲yourinformationwithothersviaproperformat.

?Makealldecisionsbycompromiseandagreement.

(80)▲?Analyzethestrengthsandweaknesses.

Effectiveness?Findouttheopportunitiesandchallenges.

［語篇解讀］本文重在講述如何使團隊協(xié)作更為有效地進行。第一段概述團隊協(xié)作在科學研

究中的意義；第二、三段聯(lián)系學生實際引出同學間團隊協(xié)作的三個規(guī)則；第四、五段提出調(diào)

查研究類活動中如何進行有效協(xié),作］最后一段講述如何對團隊協(xié)作的有效性進行評估。

［答案與剖析］

71.【答案】teamwork

【解析】這是對全文的高度概括，文中第?段的中心句即第句“Teamworkisjustas

importantinscienceasitisontheplayingfieldorinthegym.”也給予了較為明顯的暗示。

72.【答案】ideas/opinions/views/thoughts

【解析】由文中第三段第一句"Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone's

ideasdeserveconsiderationandeachgroupmembercanmakehisorherowncontribution.“可知。

注意：名詞單復數(shù)的變化。

73.【答案】Support/Encourage/Back

【解析】由文中第三段最后兩句"Thirdly,alwaysworktogether,taketurns,andencourageeach

otherbylistening,clarifying,andtrustingoneanother.Mutualsupportandtrustoftenmakeagreat

difference.”可知。注意：根據(jù)表格中的行文規(guī)律，這里是祈使語氣，應(yīng)用動詞原形且須大寫，

與上兩行“Keep,Divide”相?致。

74.【答案】Suggestions

【解析】由文中第四段中心句，即該段第二句"Herearesomemoresuggestionsforeffective

teamperfbrmanceduringtheseactivities.”可知。此外，表格中對應(yīng)的右邊一格正是suggestions

的具體內(nèi)容。注意：名詞的單復數(shù)變化和大、小寫。

75.【答案】given/assigned

【解析】由第三段第三行"Makesureeachgroupmemberunderstandsandagreestothetask

giventohimorher,”可知I。注意：這里可以使用given的同義詞assigned“分配

76.【答案】responsibility

【解析】由文中第四段倒數(shù)第三行"beresponsiblefbryourownlearning,…”可知。注意：這

里根據(jù)表格內(nèi)的表達方式需要進行詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。將形容詞responsible轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞responsibility.

77.【答案】topic/subject/issue

【解析】由文中第五段第一句"Whenthereisresearchtobedone,dividethetopicintoseveral

areas,andthiscanexploretheissueinaverydetailedway.“可知。注意:這里可以使用topic的

近義詞：subject,issue.

78.【答案】case

【解析】“justincase”在這里表示“以備用，以防用得著”，根據(jù)文中第五段第二句"Youare

encouragedtokeeprecordsofthesourcesusedbyeachperson,whichhelpsyoutracebacktothe

originoftheproblemsthatmayhappenunexpectedly.“可知。

79.【答案】Exchange/Share

【解析】山文中第五段第三句"Aformatforexchanginginformation(e.g.,photocopiesofnotes,

oraldiscussion,etc.)isalsoimportant,…''可知。

80.【答案】Evaluate

【解析】由文中最后一段可知。注意：根據(jù)表格中表達方式的需要，文中名詞evaluation

應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成動詞Evaluate.

2009高考真題解析

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題I分，滿分I0分)

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入?個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注

意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。

CommunicationPrinciples

Howyouseeyourselfcanmakeagreatdifferenceinhowyoucommunicate."Everyindividual

existsinacontinuallychangingworldofexperienceofwhichhe(orshe)isthecenter”.Many

communicationscholarsandsocialscientistsbelievethatpeopleareproductsofhowotherstreat

themandofthemessagesotherssendthem.Buteverydayweexperiencethecentralityofour

selvesincommunication.Astudent,forinstance,maydescribeaconflictwithateacherasunfair

treatment："Iknowmyteacherdoesn9tlikethefactthatIdon'tagreewithhisopinions,andthat's

whyhegavemesuchapoorgradeinthatclass."Theteachermightsaytheopposite.Eachperson

maybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson'sviewiswrong.

Theconceptofserforiginatesincommunication.Throughverbalandnonverbalsymbols,achild

learnstoacceptrolesinresponsetotheexpectationsofothers.Youestablishself-imageoThesort

ofpersonyoubelieveyouare,byhowothersthinkofyou.Positive,negative,andneutral

messagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindetenniningwhoyouare.Communication

itselfisprobablybestunderstoodasadialogueprocess.Ourunderstandingofcommunication

comesfromourinteractionswithotherpeople.Imunicationinvolves

othersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiderswhattheotherpersonneedsand

expectswhenselectingmessagestoshare.So,thecommunicationbeginswiththeself,asdefined

largelybyothers,andinvolvesothers,asdefinedlargelybytheself.

CommunicationOccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife.Ifyouarenotcommunicatingwith

yourself(thinking,planning,reactingtotheworldaroundyou),youareobservingothersand

drawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior.Eveniftheotherpersondidnotintendamessagefor

you.yougatherobservationsanddrawspecificconclusions.Apersonyawnsandyoubelievethat

personisboredwithyourmessage.Asecondpersonlooksawayfromyouandyouconcludethat

personisnotlisteningtoyou.Athirdpersonsmiles(perhapsbecauseofamemoryofajokehe

heardrecently)andyoubelievethatheisattractedtoyou.Wearecontinuallypickingup

meaningsfromothers5behaviorsandweareconstantlyprovidingbehaviorsthathave

communicativevalueforthem.

Moreoftenthannot,youmayhavehurtsomeoneaccidentallyandyoumayhavetriedtoexplain

thatyoudidnotmeanthat.Youmayhavetoldtheotherpersonthatyouweresorryforyour

statement.Youmayhavemadeajokeoutofyourrudestatement.Nonetheless,yourcomment

remainsbothinthemindoftheotherpersonandinyourownmind.Youcannotgobackintime

anderaseyourmessagestoothers.Communicationcannotbereversed(侄U退)，norcanitbe

repeated.Whenyoutriedtore-createtheatmosphere,theconversation,andthesetting,nothing

seemedright.Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults.

ParagraphoutlineSupportingDetails

Communication?Peoplearesomewhatproductsofothers9treatmentandmessages.

beginswiththeself?wearealways(71)Aincommunicationwithothers.

Communication?Experiencesofothershelpchildrenlearntoacceptroles.

(72)▲others?Messagesfromothershelpyou(73)▲whoyouare.

?Needsand(74)Aofothersshouldbeconsidered.

?Wearecommunicatingwithourselvesbythinking,planningandreacting

totheoutsideworld.

Communication

?Wearealways(76)Aotherpeoplebyobservingeveniftheydonot

(75)_▲

intendanymessageforyou.

everywhere

?Weareconstantlycollectingmeaningsfromothers,(77)▲?

?Weareconstantly(78)Ameaningsbywhatwedo.

?Youmayexplainwhatyouhavedone,butyoucannot(79)▲what

Communication

remainsintheotherperson'smind.

cannotbereversed

?Yonmayredotheconversation,butyou(80)Aachievethesame

norrepeated

results.

【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。我們怎樣才能輕松自如地在工作中交談，在政治上的辯論，

在經(jīng)濟戰(zhàn)場上馳騁，在生活中盡情地揮灑和展現(xiàn)自己的才華，真正的去體現(xiàn)自我，實現(xiàn)自我，

靠回避是不可能的，只有積極的疏導、溝通、解決以達到，理解和相互間的和諧，這就需要

溝通。

71>【答案】self-centred/subjective

［解析］Eachpersonmaybelievethatheiscorrectandthattheotherperson'sviewiswrong.需

要將其意思轉(zhuǎn)換為是自我為中心的或個體主觀的意思。

72>【答案】involves

【解析】從文中第二段內(nèi)容可以找出。

73、【答案】determine/define/know/understand

【解析】neutralmessagesthatyoureceivefromothersallplayaroleindeterminingwhoyou

are.可以找出答案，然后對信息進行一下轉(zhuǎn)換。

74>【答案】expectations/hopes/desires/wishes

【解析】communicationinvolvesothersinthesensethatacompetentcommunicatorconsiders

whattheotherpersonneedsandexpectswhenselectingmessagestoshare.信息定位后轉(zhuǎn)化一

下，使之適合于表格。

75>【答案】occurs/happens/exists/arises

［解析］illCommunicationoccursalmosteveryminuteofyourlife.轉(zhuǎn)化而來

76>【答案】reading/understanding/knowing

(解析】ifyouarenotcommunicatingwithyourself(thinking,planning,reactingtotheworld

aroundyou)

77>【答案】behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities

【解析】youareobservingothersanddrawinginferencesfromtheirbehavior.

78、【答案】conveying/expressing

【解析】Wearecontinuallypickingupmeaningsfromothers'behaviorsandweareconstantly

providingbehaviorsthathavecommunicativevalueforthem.轉(zhuǎn)化而來

79>【答案】erase/remove/delete/change

【解析】Youcannotgobackintimeanderaseyourmessagestoothers.

80>【答案】can"cannot

【解析】Yoursecondexperiencewithasimilarsettingandpersonmadefardifferentresults.轉(zhuǎn)

化而來

2010高考真題解析

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題I分，滿分I0分）

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入?個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注

意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。

Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryofthe

“sixthsense“ofdirection.Bytryingoutideasandsolvingproblemsonebyone,theyarenow

gettingclosertooneanswer.

Onefunnyideaisthatanimalsmighthaveabuilt-incompass（指南針）.

Ourearthitselfisabigmagnet（磁體）.Soalittlemagneticneedlethatswingsfreelylines

itselfwiththebigearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth.Whenpeoplediscoveredthatideaabouta

thousandyearsagoandinventedthecompass,itallowedsailorstonavigate（航海）onocean

voyages,evenundercloudyskies.

Actuallytheideaofthelivingcompasscamejustfromobservinganimalsinnature.

Manybirdsmigratetwiceayearbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes.Someof

themflyforthousandsofkilometersandmostlyatnight.Experimentshaveshownthatsomebirds

canrecognizestarpatterns.Buttheycankeeponcourseevenundercloudyskies.Howcanthey

dothat?

Acommonbirdthatdoesnotmigratebutisgreatatfindingitswayhomeisthehoming

pigeon.Notallpigeonscanfindtheirwayhome.Thosethatcanareverygoodatit,andtheyhave

beenwidelystudied

Oneinterestingexperimentwastoattachlittlemagnetstothebirds'headstoblocktheir

magneticsense-justasaloudradiocankeepyoufromhearingacalltodinner.Onsunnydays,

thatdidnotfoolthepigeons.Evidentlytheycanusethesuntotellwhichwaytheyaregoing.But

oncloudydays,thepigeonswithmagnetscouldnotfindtheirway.Itwasasifthemagnetshad

blockedtheirmagneticsense.

Similarexperimentswiththesamekindofresultsweredonewithhoneybees.Theseinsects

alsoseemtohaveaspecialsenseordirection.

Inspiteoftheexperiments,theideaofananimalcompassseemedprettyextraordinary.How

wouldananimalgetthemagneticstuffforacompass?

Ananswercamefromanunexpectedsource.Ascientistwasstudyingbacteriathatliveinthe

mudofpondsandmarshes.Hefoundaccidentallylittlerod-likebacteriathatallswamtogetherin

onedirection—north.

Furtherstudyshowedthateachlittlebacteriumhadachainofdenseparticlesinside,which

provedmagnetic.Thebacteriahadmadethemselvesintolittlemagnetsthatcouldlineupwiththe

earth'smagnet.

Thebignewswasthatalivingthing,evenasimplebacterium,canmakemagnetite.Thatled

toasearchtoseewhetheranimalsmighthaveit..Byusingaspecialinstrumentcalled

magnetometer,scientistswereabletofindmagnetiteinbeesandbirds,andeveninfish.Ineach

animal,exceptfbrthebee.themagneticstuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain.

Thus,theideaofabuilt-inanimalcompassbegantoseemreasonable.

TheMagneticSense—TheLivingCompass

PassageoutlineSupportingdetails

TheexistenceoftheearthOOurearthisabigmagnetandalittlefreely(71)___A

magnetandtheinventionmagneticneedlelinesitselfwiththeearthmagnettopoint

ofthenavigatingcompassnorthandsouth.

O(72)Aontheideaabove,thenavigatingcompass

wasinvented.

Thepossibilityofbirds'?Onepieceofevidenceisthe(73)▲ofmany

built-incompassesbirdsbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes.

?Birdscanrecognizestarpatternsonclearnightsand

keeponcourse(74)▲undercloudyskies

The(75)▲onOLittlemagnetsweretiedtothepigeons9headsto(76)___

pigeons1andbees'built-in▲____theirmagneticsense.

compasses?Thepigeons,magneticsenseseemedtobeaffectedon

(77)Adays.

OSimilarthingswiththesameresultsweredonewith

bees.

The(78)▲ofOLittlerod-likebacteriawerefoundbychancetoswim

themagneticstuffforthetogetherinthedirectionof(79)A

animalcompassOSomeanimalshadachainofdensemagneticparticlesin

orclosetothe(80)▲insidetheirbodies.

71.【答案】swinging

【解析】將文章中的第二段中第二句中定語從句thatswings換用在現(xiàn)在分詞swinging作定

語。

72.【答案】Based

【解析】根據(jù)第三段第三句Whenpeoplediscoveredthatideaaboutathousandyearsagoand

inventedthecompass可知，指南針是以此為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)明的，所以用Based,與介詞on相搭配。

73.【答案】migration

【解析】根據(jù)第五段第一句Manybirdsmigratetwiceayear可以判斷。

74.【答案】even

【解析】根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)第二句Buttheycankeeponcourseevenundercloudyskies可以判

斷。

75.【答案】experiments/tests/study/research

【解析】該部分概括了文章第七段和第八段在鴿子和蜜蜂身上做實驗的內(nèi)容。

76.【答案】block

【解析】根據(jù)第七段第一句中toblocktheirmagneticsense可以判斷。

77.【答案】cloudy

【解析】根據(jù)第七段倒數(shù)第二句Butoncloudydays可知。

78.【答案】discovery

【解析】該部分講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。

79.【答案】north

【解析】由第十段最后一句中的...inonedirection—north可知。

80.【答案】brain(s)

【解析】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句...themagneticstuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain可

知。

方法指導

總體要求

審讀原文，確定體裁不同文體的文章其謀篇布局有不同的規(guī)律可循。通過審讀原文迅速確

定文體，有利于理清文脈結(jié)構(gòu)，便于查找所需信息。

審題時，我們應(yīng)先看圖表中所列出的范疇項目(就是表格第一行的詞匯，比如樣題中的

Maincomparisons,Contexts)，因為范疇項目能告訴我們閱讀語篇中應(yīng)該尋找和把握的信息。

需要注意的是，這些范疇經(jīng)常全部用大寫字母，這就要求我們習慣閱讀字母全部大寫的單詞。

然后，我們應(yīng)認真審讀己經(jīng)列出的信息，尤其是信息表達方式，也就是要弄清楚答題的

標準。由于要求不同，很可能每個題目的答題標準都不同。

最后審讀空格，即要求完成的題目。我們要大致弄清楚要求填入的信息屬于什么范疇，

用什么形式表述。

抓緊閱讀，先易后難在審題之后，要帶著問題快速閱讀材料。對于直接信息要注意一次看

清楚，以免回讀浪費時間。要知道有些題總是比較簡單，屬于細節(jié)直答題，可以一眼從文中

找到，不要懷疑自己的判斷；對于間接信息，要認真、仔細閱讀，必要時可以回讀，直到弄

清楚為止。

仔細理解，準確表述首先，要理解文章大意。了解文章大意是解題的第一步，也是關(guān)鍵的

一步。只有讀懂了文章，才能順利地在圖表中填出相應(yīng)的信息。要特別注意圖表前的小標題,

它通常就是段落和圖表的主題句。讀懂了圖表標題有助于理解短文內(nèi)容和圖表的大意。

其次，要理解圖表的結(jié)構(gòu)。圖表是根據(jù)一定的線索設(shè)計的，一般包括列標題和行標題。

通過閱讀這些項目標題和圖表里的內(nèi)容，可迅速了解圖表結(jié)構(gòu)，理清圖表設(shè)計原理。同時也

可縮小注意范圍，確定考查內(nèi)容。

最后，要理解題目的要求。圖表已填好了部分內(nèi)容，我們可以根據(jù)已有的內(nèi)容提示來推

斷要求填寫的內(nèi)容。然后在理解題目要求的基礎(chǔ)上再根據(jù)文中的關(guān)鍵詞語確定題目的答案。

根據(jù)已完成的閱讀填入正確答案，若拿不準，可快速回讀。這時還要特別注意表述方式

的科學性，要兼顧空格前后左右的文意、時態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性等，仔細推敲，全面衡量，最后

定斷。

瀏覽全文，核對驗證做完試題后，要完整檢查一次，看看是否全部填入，看看填入的內(nèi)容

與表達方式是否與原題一致，注意大小寫、詞性、結(jié)構(gòu)、表達方式要與已經(jīng)給出的信息一致。

注意首字母全要大寫；用詞組全用詞組，用句子全用句子。

分類解讀

結(jié)構(gòu)認知類“理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)”是高考考試大綱對閱讀能力的一項親要求?！叭蝿?wù)型

閱讀”題可以有效地考查學生對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的認知能力。要認知文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，重要的是要弄清

文章的寫作線索。如記敘文多以人或物為中心，以時間或空間為順序，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、

結(jié)局展開故事或過程；議論文則包含論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀

點；說明文則從諸多方面列舉事實或事例，介紹、說明某一事物或現(xiàn)象。一般說來，動作、

時間、地點、事件、因果等都可能作為寫作的線索。你可以根據(jù)圖表的行標題和列標題，以

及文中的關(guān)鍵詞語，找出短文的寫作線索，勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章結(jié)構(gòu)認知圖。

細節(jié)理解類主要考查考生對短文細節(jié)的把握和理解能力。要求學生用簡短的形式，概括文

中較為復雜的細節(jié)描寫。通常以時間、動作、項目等作為線索來設(shè)計表格。做題時，首先應(yīng)

確定填寫的項目在文中的位置，然后用簡明的語言來概括細節(jié)，使細節(jié)條理化、明細化、形

象化。

信息歸納類考查考生對主要信息的歸納處理能力。通常要求考生把分散在文中的一些關(guān)鍵

信息，用一些線索合乎邏輯地歸納起來，以圖表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來，使讀者通過閱讀理解圖表,

能更清楚、更形象地了解文章要義、事物的狀態(tài)等情況。此類題考查的信息通常不信中，做

題時，可先了解圖表的設(shè)計項目和要求填充的內(nèi)容，閱讀時就可有意識地在關(guān)鍵的地方做上

記號，以便有的放矢，迅速確定要填的內(nèi)容。

達標測試

Passage1

任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每小題1分；滿分io分）

請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格「口的空格里填上一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。

體裁字數(shù)難度建議用時錯題備注

議論文316★★★及分鐘第_______題

ManyAmericansconcernedaboutairpollutionaredemandingcleanerandcheapersupplies

ofenergy.Thedemandhasresultedinincreasedresearchaboutethanolfuel.Ethanolisanalcohol

thatcanbemixedwithgas.Itbumsupmostofthepollutantsingas.Itreplacedsomeofthe

chemicalsthatareknowntocausecancer.

SomeexpertssaythatinthefutureethanolwillreplacesomeoftheoilimportedintoAmerica.

TodayethanolislessthanonepercentofthetotalAmericanfuelsupply.TheheadoftheNational

ComGrowersAssociation,KieveHars,saysethanolwillprovidetwentyfivepercentofthefuel

supplyby2010.Theorganizationisinvolvedintheproductionofethanolbecauseitcanbemade

fromcom.

OnecompanyinAmericanMidwestsaysitisstartingtoproduceethanolbecauseofdemands

frompeopleandfromthegovernment.TheCongressapprovedtheCleanAirActin1990.The

companysaysthismeansthemarketforethanolwillexpand.Thecompanyisamajorproducerof

cornstarch（淀粉）thatcanbeusedtomakeethanol.

AtTexasUniversity,ProfessorMarkHolzappleproducesethanolfrommaterialsfoundin

solidwaste.Hehasdevelopedawaytoturnmaterialslikepaperintosimplesugar.Hethenuses

yeast（酵母）toturnthesugarintoethanol.ProfessorHolzappplesaystwohundredlitersof

ethanolfuelcanbeproducedfromonetonofsolidwaste.

AprofessorattheUniversityofArkansas,JohnGeddie,isexploringanotherwaytomake

ethanol.Heisusingacidsonpapermaterial.Hesaysalargefactorycouldproduceethanolfrom

wastepaperaboutthesamecostofthatofgasoline.

Environmentalistssupporttheuseofethanolbecauseitturnswasteintoausefulproduct.

ProfessorHolzapplesayslawmakersinindustrialnationsneedtosupportthedevelopmentofthis

renewablefuelofthefuture.

Title:Ethanol:1.andCheapFuel

DefinitionItcanbemixedwithgas.

andusesAkindof2.____________Ithelpsremovesome3._________pollutants

fromgas.

Itreplacessomechemicalsknowntocause4.

Itwilltaketheplaceof5.___________________.

ProductionEthanolFromstarch

Frommaterialfoundinsolid6._________like

paper

ThepublicDemandtheproductionanduseofethanol

The7.________________ApprovetheCleanAirAct

Opinions

The8.________________Meettheexpandingmarket

Environmentalists9.__________________thedevelopmentofit

ConclusionEthanol,asarenewablefuel,willbeproducedandusedmorewidelyintheworld,

anditneedsthesupportoflaw10.________________.

Passage1在石油危機及環(huán)保的雙重壓力下，乙醇無疑是當今車用化石燃料最具潛力的替代

品。

1.Clean2.alcohol3.harmful4.cancer5.oil6.waste7.Cducers9.

Support10.makers

1.【解析】從第一段第一句...demandingcleanerandcheapersuppliesofenergy和題目后面的

cheap可以看出，應(yīng)該用clean,屬于詞形變化題。

2.【解析】第二句是對乙醇的解釋及Ethanolisanalcoholthatcanbemixedwithgas.為簡單

題。

3.【解析】排放出來的pollutants是有害物，所以會想到harmfid一詞。為較難題。

4.［解析】Itreplacedsomeofthechemicalsthatareknowntocausecancer.原句再現(xiàn)，是?道

簡單題。

5.【解析】relplace=taketheplaceof。乙醇以后會取代汽油。請看…ethanolwillreplacesome

oftheoilimportedintoAmerica.

6.【解析】第四段第一句可以看出答案：...producesethanolfrommaterialsfoundinsolidwaste.

為簡單題。

7.【解析】第三段的這句：TheCongressapprovedtheCleanAirActin1990.

8.【解析】Thecompanyisamajorproducer…是擴大市場的生產(chǎn)者。

9.［解析］最后一段：Environmentalistssupporttheuseofethanol...

10?【解析】從這句中可知答案：...lawmakersinindustrialnationsneedtosupportthe

developmentofthisrenewablefuelofthefuture.

Passage2

任務(wù)型閱讀（共io小題，每小題1分；滿分10分）

請認真閱讀卜.面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填上一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。（南

通一中2008-2009第一學期階段測試）

體裁字數(shù)難度建議用時錯題備注

議論文317★★★星分鐘第_______題

Attitudeisaninternalstatethatinfluencesthechoicesofpersonalactionmadebythe

individual.Someresearchersconsiderthatattitudescomefromdifferencesbetweenbeliefsand

ideas;othersbelievethatattitudescomefromemotionalstates.Here,wefbcusontheeffectsof

attitudesuponbehavior,thatis,uponthechoicesofactionmadebytheindividual.

Thekindsofactionstakenbyhumanbeingsareobviouslyinfluencedgreatlybyattitudes.

Whetheronelistenstoclassicalmusicorrock,whetheroneobeysthespeedlimitwhiledriving,

whetheroneencouragesone'shusbandorwifetoexpresshisorherownideas—allareinfluenced

byattitudes.Theseinternalstatesareacquiredthroughoutlifefromsituationsoneisfacedwithin

thehome,inthestreets,andintheschool.

Ofcourse,thecourseofactionchosenbyanindividualinanysituationwillbelargely

detenninedbythespecificfactsofthatsituation.Anindividualwhohasastrongattitudeof

obeyinglawsmaydrivetoofastwhenheisinahurryandnopolicecarsinsight.Achildwhohas

astrongattitudeofhonestymaystealapennywhenshethinksnoonewillnotice.Buttheinternal

statewhichremainsunchangedoveraperiodoftime,andwhichmakestheindividualact

regularlyinavarietyofsituations,iswhatismeantbyanattitude.

Attitudesarelearnedinavarietyofways.Theycanresultfromsingleincidents,aswhenan

attitudetowardindividuafsexperiencesofsuccessandpleasure,aswhensomeoneacquiresa

positiveattitudetowarddoingcrosswordpuzzlesbybeingabletocompletesomeofthem.And

frequently,theyarelearnedbycopyingotherpeople'sbehavior,aswhenachildleamshowtoact

towardforeignersbyobservingtheactionsofhisparents.Regardlessofthesedifferences,thereis

somethingincommoninthelearningandmodificationofattitudes.

Title:Nature