2023學年完整公開課版高一（上）Module4Grammar

English英語教學課件高一（必修1）Module4ASocialSurvey---MyNeighborhood

Grammar

高一外研版必修一現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生,已經(jīng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還將持續(xù),或剛剛停止。其構成:have(has)+been+doing我學英語已經(jīng)學了十年了。IhavebeenlearningEnglishforthreeyears.我等你已經(jīng)等了三個小時了。Ihavebeenwaitingthreehoursforyou.比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響。(2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等,皆為具體的時間狀語。現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,uptonow,inthepast…years,等,皆不確定的時間狀語。(3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know。一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。例如：Isawthisfilmyesterday.(強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)Ihaveseenthisfilm.

(強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.

(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))ShehasreturnedfromParis.（她已從巴黎回來了。）Shereturnedyesterday.（她是昨天回來的。）注意：句子中如有一般過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,lastweek,in1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。例如：(錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.（對）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.(1).Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…結(jié)構中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型注意:

Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhad

beenlate.(2)Thisis+形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構,that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。

例如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.

瞬間動詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如可說“Hehasleft.”但不能說“Hehasleftforthreeyears.”如果要表達“他已走了三年了”可用以下幾種表達法：一、用ago，使用一般過去時。Heleftherethreeyearsago.二、用“Itis+一段時間＋since＋一般過去時從句”Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.三、用“一段時間＋have/haspassed+since+一般過去時從句”Threeyearshavepassedsincehelefthere.現(xiàn)在完成時與瞬間動詞以上三種表示方法適用于所有瞬間動詞。

另外，還可用其它表示方法，但只適用于部分瞬間動詞。具體辦法是將瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為表延續(xù)的動詞或者表狀態(tài)的be+名詞／形容詞或副詞／介詞短語等。1.直接轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞buycatch(get)acoldborrowcome/go/becomehave

haveacoldkeepbe2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞

jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschoolbeasoldierbeaPartymemberbeastudent3.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞diefinishbeginleavefallsleepcloseopenbedeadbeoverbeonbeawaybeasleepbeclosedbeopen4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語

gotoschooljointhearmybeinschoolbeinthearmy一般過去時態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)可以構成同義句：e.g:①.我們買這本書三年了。Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.②他感冒三天了。Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.③自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書。Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.

Iborrowedthebooklastweek.④我成為一個學生兩年多了。Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤

MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.⑥

小明參軍半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦

我們上了8年學了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下課10分鐘了。Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.⑨電影開始了一小時了。Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.一看時間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果有，則只能用一般過去時。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時；但進一步詢問何時、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時（句首有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時。如：現(xiàn)在完成時的三看三用－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?三看句中謂語動詞是否為延續(xù)性動詞。如果表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果是瞬間動詞，則用一般過去時。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.___thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation?WereyouwearingHaveyouwornDidyouwearDoyouwearA2.―Katedoesn’tlookverywell.What’swrongwithher?―Shehasaheadachebecauseshe___toolong;sheoughttostopworking.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.wasreadingA3.“Tellthestudentstostopshouting.We____ouressays.”writehavebeenwritingarewritinghavewrittenC4.Myuncle,Sam,__managerofthefirm.A.hasjustmadeB.isjustbeingmadeC.hasjustbeenmadeD.isjustmade5.Thisisthefirsttimethestudents__toHydePark.A.havegoneB.havebeengoneC.havebeengoingD.arebeinggoneCA6.She______hermother’sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital.A.isdoingB.hasbeendoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendoneB7.Nowthatyou___,whatareyougoingtodo?A.arebeingreturnedB.havebeenreturningC.havebeenreturnedD.havereturnedD8.I___theincidentasifitwereyesterday.A.amstilltorememberB.havestillbeenrememberingC.ambeingstillrememberedD.stillrememberD9.－Where_____themap?Ican’tseeanywhere.

－I_____itrightherejustnow.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;haveputB10.JohntoldMarythathe___whathewasdoingduringthevacation.A.wasjustaskedB.wasjustaskingC.hadjustbeenaskedD.hadjustaskedC11.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou12.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watchBC13.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive14.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadBD15.–WhereisHanMeinow?－She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone16.－_____you____totheUnitedStated?－No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoHave;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;goAA17.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou18.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?playedB.beenatC.joinedDbeenonCD19.—Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?—Ihave_____toKunmingwithmyfriends.A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone20.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lentBC21.—Excuseme,____youseenthefilmyet?—Yes,I_____itlastnight.A.have,seeB.have,haveseenC.have,seenD.have,saw22.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?isheB.isn’theC.hasn’theD.hasheDDFormoreexercises,clickhere.1.Shakespeare’splayHamlet

intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmade B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmade D.wouldbemade

【2013北京】【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)此句標志詞overthepastyears應使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。故選C。高考題2.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited【2013福建】【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。題干主語中心詞為介詞短語aswellas之前的musician，故謂語使用單數(shù)，排除AC；再根據(jù)句中標志性詞語attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo可知應使用一般過去時態(tài)。故答案為B。

3.Themanager______theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9am.h