小學英語詞形變換小結(jié)外研版一起

詞形變換小結(jié)學號：班級：姓名：形容詞變副詞的規(guī)那么

1.一般狀況下直接加―ly，如

quickquickly

realreally

helpfulhelpfully

carefulcarefully

hopefulhopefully

slowslowly

quickquickly

quietquietly

以輔音字母―y‖結(jié)尾的,先將―y‖改成―i‖,再加―ly‖，如happyhappily

busybusily

angryangrily

easyeasily

以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾和以ue結(jié)尾的形容詞要先去掉e,然后再加y或ly。如：

terribleterribly;

gentlegently;

simple→simply

probable

–

probably;

ableably;

truetruly

但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍舊直接加ly。例如：politepolitely,

widewidely等。

另外,副詞還可以由形容詞加前綴a得來。如:loud

(adj.)aloud

(adv.)

4.以ll結(jié)尾的詞

只加y

fullfully

dull→dully

以ic結(jié)尾的詞

加ally

automaticautomatically

energeticenergetically

democratic→democratically

有些以ly

結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The

Times

is

a

daily

paper.

The

Times

is

published

daily.

此外,局部名詞加后綴也可變成副詞,如:

partpartly,例句:

It

is

partly

her

fault.

有局部是她的錯。需留意:

friendly，deadly，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly

,

fatherly,

motherly，lovely等是形容詞而非副詞。

形容詞變副詞通常是加ly,特殊變化請記住以下口訣：

一般直接加，―元e去e加，―輔y改i加，―le結(jié)尾e改y。

分別舉例如下：

quick—quickly,

true—truly,

happy—happily,

gentle

—

gently

possible

—possibly.

probable

—

probably

在英語中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞,如early,

much,

fast,

little,

wide,

loud,

high,

deep，hard等。由于這類詞詞性雖不同,但詞形卻一樣,這就需要大家學會在特定語境中推斷它們各自的詞性。例句:

Thank

you

very

much.

(adv.)

多謝。

There

is

much

water

in

the

river.

(adj.)

The

music

is

too

loud.Please

turn

it

down.

(adj.)

He

speaks

loud

enough,So

everyone

in

the

room

can

hear

what

he

said.

(adv.)

他說話的聲音很大,所以房間里每個人都能聽到他的話。

兼有兩種形式的副詞

1)

close與closely

close意思是"近"；

closely

意思是"認真地"

surf

—

surfing,

paint

—

painting

3.在詞尾加ion

或去e加ion:

1)以d或de結(jié)尾的動詞，在對應的名詞和形容詞中，d通常變成s，如:

provide→provision，

decide→decision

invade(侵略)→invasion

等等。

2)以end結(jié)尾的動詞，往往有ent結(jié)尾的名詞與之對應。如extend→extent，descend→descent，等等

3)以te結(jié)尾去e加ion，如:

celebrate

—

celebration,

educate

—

education

graduate

—

graduation,

donate

—

donation

contribute

—

contribution

invite

—

invitation

congratulate

—

congratulation

operate

—

operation

pollute

—pollution

appreciate

—

appreciation

以t結(jié)尾加ion,如：

attract

—

attraction

invent

—

invention

instruct

—

instruction

留意：

describe

—

description

discuss

—

discussion

produce

—

production,

pronounce

—

pronunciation,

organize

—

organization

determine

—

determination

impress

—

impression

4.

在詞尾加

ment

結(jié)尾

achieveachievement

成就

advertise

advertisement

廣告

agree—

agreement協(xié)議

enjoy

—

enjoyment

amuse—amusement

消遣developdevelopment

equip

裝備equipment

裝備，器材

govern

統(tǒng)治—government

政府

managemanagement

經(jīng)營,

管理

argueargument爭吵

know

—

knowledge,

please

—

pleasure

practise

—practice

advise—advice

die

—

death,

succeed

—

success

weigh

—

weight，sit

—

seat

,

fly

—

flight,

discover

—

discovery，

fail

—

failure,

behave—behavior

mix

—

mixture

,

press

—pressure

appear

—

appearance，enter

—

entrance

guide—guidance

perform—performance

tour

在

旅游,在作巡回演出

直接+地點

tour

China

tour

旅游/

tourist

游客

三、動詞變形容詞

1.詞尾加ful:

use

–

useful

care

careful,

help

–

helpful

thank

thankful

peace

–

peaceful

forget

–

forgetful

succeed

–

successful

wonder

wonderful

2.詞尾加d或ed:

please

–

pleased

unite

–

united

excite

–

excited

surprise

–

surprised

organize

–

organized

close

closed,

wound

–

wounded

relax

–

relaxed

develop

–

developed

appreciate

–

appreciated

interest

–

interested

use

used,

frighten

–

frightened

crowd

crowded,

pollute

polluted

3.詞尾加ing:

interest

–

interesting

surprise

–

surprising

excite

–

exciting

develop

–

developing

frighten

–

frightening

sleep

sleeping

frustrate

–

frustrating

relax

—

relaxing

live

–

living

4.詞尾變y為i,加ed:

worry

worried,

marry

married,fry

fried,

terrify

terrified

satisfy

satisfied

5.詞尾加able:

know

knowledgeable,

enjoy

enjoyable,

suit

suitable

adjust

adjustable,

fort

fortable

6.其它：

lose

lost,

fool

foolish,

live

lively

/

alive

/living,

sleep

sleepy

/

sleeping

/

asleep,

wake

awake,

taste

tasty

speak

spoken,

break

broken,

die

dead,

educate

educational

四、名詞變形容詞

有時在名詞之前或末尾加上不同的前綴或后綴就可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~。如：

sleep〔睡覺〕

→asleep

〔睡著的〕

→sleepy

〔瞌睡的，困乏的〕

help〔關心〕→helpful

〔有關心的〕等。下面就名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~的構(gòu)成方法歸納如下:

1.名詞加y構(gòu)成形容詞。表示―布滿……的‖

rain

〔雨水〕

→rainy

〔多雨的〕

wind

〔風〕

→windy

〔多風的，風大的〕

cloud

〔云〕

→cloudy

〔多云的，陰天的〕

snow

〔雪〕→

snowy

〔多雪的〕

sun

〔太陽〕→

sunny

〔多陽光的，明朗的〕

[特殊提示：別忘了雙寫n]

luck

〔運氣〕→

lucky

〔幸運的〕

noise

〔嘈雜聲〕

→noisy

〔嘈雜的，吵鬧的〕

[特殊提示：別忘了去掉e]

health

〔健康〕

→healthy

〔健康的〕

2.名詞加ful構(gòu)成形容詞，表示確定。

use

〔使用〕

→useful

〔有用的，有益的〕

help

〔關心〕

→helpful

〔有關心的，有益的〕

harm

〔損害，損害〕

→harmful

〔有害的〕

forget

〔遺忘〕

→forgetful

〔健忘的〕

beauty

〔漂亮〕

→beautiful

〔漂亮的〕

[特殊提示：別忘了把y變成i，再加ful

care

(關懷，當心)→careful

〔當心的，認真的〕

pain

〔痛苦〕→painful

〔痛苦的〕

wonder

〔驚異

〕

→wonderful

〔極好的〕

color

(顏色)

→colorful

(多彩的；顏色明麗的)

thank

〔感謝〕

→thankful

〔感謝的，觀賞的〕

3.

名詞加less構(gòu)成形容詞，表示否認。

use

〔用處〕

→useless

〔無用的〕

care

〔關懷，當心〕

→careless

〔馬虎的〕

harm

〔損害，損害〕→

harmless

〔無害的〕

help

〔關心〕

→helpless

〔無助的，無用的〕

4.

名詞加ly構(gòu)成形容詞，這種形容詞常具有贊美的意味。

friend

〔伴侶〕

→friendly

〔友好的〕

love

〔愛〕

→lovely

〔可愛的〕

father

〔父親〕

→

fatherly

(嚴父般

的

brother

〔兄弟〕

→

brotherly

(兄弟般的)

5.在某些名詞后加ous構(gòu)成形容詞，表示―具有……的性質(zhì)的‖

danger

〔危急〕

→dangerous

〔危急的〕

courage

→

courageous

(勇敢的)

fame

〔名聲，名望〕

→famous

〔聞名的〕

[特殊提示：別忘了去掉e]

6.名詞加en構(gòu)成形容詞，表示由某種物質(zhì)形成，在句中作定語或表語。

wool

〔羊毛〕

→woolen

〔羊毛的〕

wood

〔木頭〕

→wooden

〔木制的〕

gold

〔金子〕

→golden

〔金子般的〕

earth

〔土地〕

→

earthen(土制的)

7.名詞+

able

adjustable

可調(diào)整的

fortfortable

knowledgeknowledg