2023學年完整公開課版虛擬語氣1

人教課標高二選修6

Unit1Unit1Art虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood(I)虛擬語氣在英語中，表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑或推測，要用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣可以用于條件狀語從句、主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。本節(jié)課我們主要學習if條件從句和wish后的賓語從句中表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的虛擬語氣的用法?！居^察體會】請看下圖及對話，體會表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語氣的用法。A:Whydon’tourgrandchildrenvisitusmoreoften?B:Theydon’thaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,they’dvisitusmoreoften.A:IwonderwhyFredworkssohard.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustlikehisjob.A:Ifhedidn’tlikehisjob,hewouldn’tworksohard.A:Doyouenjoydrivingaschoolbus?B:Notreally.IwishIdroveataxi.A:CanJonathandance?B:No,hecan’t,buthewisheshecould.Ifhecoulddance,he’dgodancingeverynight.1.虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設,條件

狀語從句中的謂語動詞用“過去式(be動詞的過去式用were)”,

而主句中的謂語動詞“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”。虛擬語氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensive

car.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundthe

world.IfI

had

alotofmoney,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenc.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskChooseoneofthetopicsanddiscussitingroups.1.

Youhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.

Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?2.

Supposeyouwonalotofmoney.What

wouldyoudowiththemoney?IfI

____

ateacher,I

…were(2).與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞,構(gòu)成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,

he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI__________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtc.IfI________(meet)youyesterday,we_______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneSolve

problemsThestudentsfailedtheEnglishexam.

Couldyougivehimsomesuggestions?OneofyourfriendgotHN1lastyear.Hesufferedalot.Whatcouldyoudohelphim?(3).與將來事實相反從句的謂語用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動詞過去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句謂語用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動詞原形。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看見我,就會認識我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.a.Ifthere_________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupc.IfRobots______________(control)theworldsomeday,here_________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe

主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間,這時主從句位于動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。例句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反。

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去時(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。條件從句If從句的謂語形式

主句的謂語形式過去過去完成時would/could/should/might+have+p.p.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式未來1.過去時2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法1.在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:

從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:從句動詞形式為“

would＋動詞原形”。注意:

主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。但愿你立刻來。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。

常見動詞：

一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即:insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。e.g.我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。WesuggestedthatTom(should)have

arest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)send

themtoworkthere.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?/p>

以上動詞相應的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋v.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.

她堅持認為自己是對的。（堅持事實）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.

他的叔叔堅持要求他不要待在旅館里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+v.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時,從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had＋過去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析1關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析2關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析3關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析4關(guān)于虛擬語氣辯析5根據(jù)語境或括號內(nèi)的提示，用虛擬語氣完成下列對話。1.A:Whydoesn’tSallygetgoodgrades?B:Shedoesn’tstudyenough.If___________________________________________2.A:Whydon’tIfeelenergetic?B:Youdon’tsleepenough.If_____________________________________shestudiedenough,she’dgetgoodgrades.yousleptenough,you’dfeelenergetic.3.A:IwonderwhyAlanmakessomanymistakes.B:Idon’tknow.Hemustbecareless.A:You’reprobablyright.If___________________________________________________________4.A:DoesMr.Robinsonenjoybeingateacher?