高考英語(yǔ)真題詞義猜測(cè)題專練

高考英語(yǔ)真題詞義猜測(cè)題專練做題方法指導(dǎo)詞義猜測(cè)題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題的一種必考題型，難度中等偏上，常用以下方法：根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)法關(guān)系即根據(jù)所在段落、前后句的定語(yǔ)從句限定修飾關(guān)系，同位語(yǔ)從句的解釋說(shuō)明關(guān)系，代詞指代，破折號(hào)等語(yǔ)法關(guān)系來(lái)判斷詞義。2.注意表邏輯關(guān)系的詞注意前后句子的轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)鍵信息詞，如however,therefore,thus等。也可利用同義關(guān)系，如namely,similarly等。利用上下文語(yǔ)境根據(jù)段落語(yǔ)篇意思，特別是前后兩句話語(yǔ)境往往也可猜出詞義。4.利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義如un,in,dis表否定，re表“再...”，co表示合作等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。5．利用背景常識(shí)利用日常生活和與文化背景有關(guān)的常識(shí)可以準(zhǔn)確猜測(cè)句中生詞的含義。真題練習(xí)（2020年全國(guó)卷I）WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.DebtB.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.（2020全國(guó)二）Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.30.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“collapsed”

in

paragraph

5

probably

mean?A.

Boomed. B.

Became

mature. C.

Remained

stable.

D.

Crashed.（2020全國(guó)二）AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(來(lái)源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.（2020全國(guó)三）Yet“Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear,.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartI”and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely. B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully D.Watchingcarefully.（2019年全國(guó)卷I）Buthe’snervous.＂I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…＂Christripsonthe＂-ld,＂apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.＂…Votefor…me…＂Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂stumbles＂inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners. C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.（2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ）Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A.Foodvariety. B.Eatinghabits.C.Tablemanners. D.Restaurantservice.（2018年全國(guó)卷I）Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.（2018年全國(guó)卷二）TheCRF'sproduceis“green”，madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries—withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors—alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolate_snobs,_eq\a\vs4\al(whothink)thattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers，theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.Thewords“chocolatesnobs”inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho________.A.areparticularaboutchocolateB.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothersD.liketotrynewflavors（2018年全國(guó)卷二）Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyeq\a\vs4\al(feedin)frozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.eq\a\vs4\al(Outcomes)a“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofeq\a\vs4\al(themachine)andwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert. B.Adrink.C.Acontainer. D.Amachine.（2017年全國(guó)卷一）Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.（2016全國(guó)二）·OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI'mjustnotcreative.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake. B.Drawback.C.Difficulty. D.Burden.（2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·）Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneoftheverybestvarieties