公共管理學專業(yè)英語詞匯

公共管理學專業(yè)英語詞匯目標mission/objective內部環(huán)境internalenvironment夕卜部環(huán)境externalenvironment集體目標groupobjective計劃planning組織organizing人事staffing領導leading控制controlling步驟process原理principle方法technique經(jīng)理manager總經(jīng)理generalmanager行政人員administrator主管人員supervisor企業(yè)enterprise商業(yè)business產(chǎn)業(yè)industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企業(yè)家entrepreneur權利power職權authority職責responsibility科學管理scientificmanagement現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營管理modernoperationalmanagement行為科學behaviorscience生產(chǎn)率productivity激勵motivate動機motive法律law法規(guī)regulation經(jīng)濟體系economicsystem管理職能managerialfunction產(chǎn)品product服務service利潤profit滿意satisfaction歸屬affiliation尊敬esteem自我實現(xiàn)self-actualization人力投入humaninput盈余surplus收入income成本cost資本貨物capitalgoods機器machinery設備equipment建筑building存貨inventory經(jīng)驗法theempiricalapproach人際行為法theinterpersonalbehaviorapproach集體行為法thegroupbehaviorapproach協(xié)作社會系統(tǒng)法thecooperativesocialsystemsapproach社會技術系統(tǒng)法thesocial-technicalsystemsapproach決策理論法thedecisiontheoryapproach數(shù)學法themathematicalapproach系統(tǒng)法thesystemsapproach隨機制宜法thecontingencyapproach管理任務法themanagerialrolesapproach經(jīng)營法theoperationalapproach人際關系humanrelation心理學psychology態(tài)度attitude壓力pressure沖突conflict招聘recruit鑒定appraisal選拔select培訓train報酬compensation授權delegationofauthority協(xié)調coordinate業(yè)績performance考績制度meritsystem表現(xiàn)behavior下級subordinate偏差deviation檢驗記錄inspectionrecord誤工記錄recordoflabor-hourslost銷售量salesvolume產(chǎn)品質量qualityofproducts先進技術advancedtechnology顧客服務customerservice策略strategy結構structure領先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness憂慮fear忿恨r(nóng)esentment士氣morale解雇layoff批發(fā)wholesale零售retail程序procedure規(guī)則rule規(guī)劃program預算budget共同作用synergy大型聯(lián)合企業(yè)conglomerate資源resource購買acquisition增長目標growthgoal專利產(chǎn)品proprietaryproduct競爭對手rival晉升promotion管理決策managerialdecision商業(yè)道德businessethics有競爭力的價格competitiveprice供貨商supplier小販vendor利益沖突conflictofinterests派生政策derivativepolicy開支帳戶expenseaccount批準程序approvalprocedure病假sickleave休假vacation工時labor-hour機時machine-hour資本支出capitaloutlay現(xiàn)金流量cashflow工資率wagerate稅收率taxrate股息dividend現(xiàn)金狀況cashposition資金短缺capitalshortage總預算overallbudget資產(chǎn)負債表balancesheet可行性feasibility投入原則thecommitmentprinciple投資回報returnoninvestment生產(chǎn)能力capacitytoproduce實際工作者practitioner最終結果endresult業(yè)績performance個人利益personalinterest福利welfare市場占有率marketshare創(chuàng)新innovation生產(chǎn)率productivity利潤率profitability社會責任publicresponsibility董事會boardofdirector組織規(guī)模sizeoftheorganization組織文化organizationalculture目標管理managementbyobjectives評價工具appraisaltool激勵方法motivationaltechniques控制手段controldevice個人價值personalworth優(yōu)勢strength弱點weakness機會opportunity威脅threat個人責任personalresponsibility顧問counselor定量目標quantitativeobjective定性目標qualitativeobjective可考核目標verifiableobjective優(yōu)先priority工資表payroll策略strategy政策policy靈活性discretion多種經(jīng)營diversification評估assessment一致性consistency應變策略consistencystrategy公共關系publicrelation價值value抱負aspiration偏見prejudice審查review批準approval主要決定majordecision分公司總經(jīng)理divisiongeneralmanager資產(chǎn)組合距陣portfoliomatrix明星star問號questionmark現(xiàn)金牛cashcow賴狗dog采購procurement人口因素demographicfactor地理因素geographicfactor公司形象companyimage產(chǎn)品系列productline合資企業(yè)jointventure破產(chǎn)政策liquidationstrategy緊縮政策retrenchmentstrategy戰(zhàn)術tactics追隨followership個性individuality性格personality安全safety自主權l(xiāng)atitude悲觀的pessimistic靜止的static樂觀的optimistic動態(tài)的dynamic靈活的flexible抵制resistance敵對antagonism折中eclectic激勵motivation潛意識subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire壓力pressure滿足satisfaction自我實現(xiàn)的需要needsforself-actualization尊敬的需要esteemneeds歸屬的需要affiliationneeds安全的需要securityneeds生理的需要physiologicalneeds維持maintenance保健hygiene激勵因素motivator概率probability強化理論reinforcementtheory反饋feedback獎金bonus股票期權stockoption勞資糾紛labordispute缺勤率absenteeism人員流動turnover獎勵reward特許經(jīng)營franchise熱誠zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠誠loyalty奉獻devotion作風style品質trait適應性adaptability進取性aggressiveness熱情enthusiasm毅力persistence人際交往能力interpersonalskills行政管理能力administrativeability智力intelligence專制式領導autocraticleader民主式領導democraticleader自由放任式領導free-reinleader管理方格圖themanagerialgrid工作效率workefficiency服從obedience領導行為leaderbehavior支持型領導supportiveleadership參與型領導participativeleadership指導型領導instrumentalleadership成就取向型領導achievement-orientedleadershipAutomatedinspection自動化檢驗automaticassemblysystem自動化裝配系統(tǒng)appliedbiomechanics應用生物力學CAD/CAM計算機輔助設計與制造computerintegratedmanufacturingsystem計算機整合制造系統(tǒng)datastructure數(shù)據(jù)結構databasemanagementsystem數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)decisionanalysis決策分析engineeringeconomy工程經(jīng)濟engineeringstatistics工程統(tǒng)計facilitiesplanning設施規(guī)劃factorydiagnoisisandimprovementmethod工廠診斷與改善方法financialandcostanalysis財務與成本分析fuzzytheoryandapplication模糊理論與應用human-computerinteraction(HCI)人因工程與計算機系統(tǒng)humanfactorsengineering人因工程humaninformationprocessing人類訊息處理human-machinesystemdesign人機系統(tǒng)設計humanresourcemanagement人力資源管理humansystemdiagnosisandimprovement人體系統(tǒng)診斷與改善industrialenvironmentevaluation工業(yè)環(huán)境評估industrialorganizationsandmanagement工業(yè)組織與管理industrialsafety工業(yè)安全informationtechnology信息技術intellectualpropertylaws智慧財產(chǎn)權法knowledgeengineering知識工程linearalgebra線性代數(shù)manufacturingautomation制造自動化manufacturingengineering制造工程manufacturingmanagement制造管理manufacturingprocess制造程序manufacturingsystemsandmanagement制造系統(tǒng)與管理marketandmarketing市場與行銷materialflowsautomation物流自動化mathematicalprogramming數(shù)學規(guī)劃multicriteriadecisionmaking多目標規(guī)劃multi-criteriadecisionmethods多準則決策分析networkanalysis網(wǎng)絡分析numericalanalysis數(shù)值分析organizationandmanagement組織與管理productandtechnologydevelopmentmanagement產(chǎn)品與技術開發(fā)管理productionmanagement生產(chǎn)管理productionplanningandcontrol生產(chǎn)計劃與管制qualitycontrol質量管理qualityengineering品質工程qualitymanagementtechniquesandpractice品質管理queueingtheory等候線理論reliabilityengineering可靠度工程research，developmentandinnovationmanagement研究發(fā)展管理semiconductorproductionmanagement半導體生產(chǎn)管理sequencingandscheduling排序與排程simulation模擬分析statisticalmethod統(tǒng)計方法stochasticprocesses隨機系統(tǒng)strategicmanagementoftechnology技術策略systemanalysisanddesigninlargescale大型系統(tǒng)分析與設計systemperformanceevaluation系統(tǒng)績效評估技術systemqualityassuranceengineering系統(tǒng)品質保證工程systemsengineering系統(tǒng)工程systemssimulation系統(tǒng)仿真BusinessManagerBusinessManager業(yè)務經(jīng)理visionandcolors視覺與色彩workphysiology工作生理學workstudy工作研究AccountingAssistant會計助理AccountingClerk記帳員AccountingManager會計部經(jīng)理AccountingStall會計部職員AccountingSupervisor會計主管AdministrationManager行政經(jīng)理AdministrationStaff行政人員AdministrativeAssistant行政助理AdministrativeClerk行政辦事員AdvertisingStaff廣告工作人員AirlinesSalesRepresentative航空公司定座員AirlinesStaff航空公司職員ApplicationEngineer應用工程師AssistantManager副經(jīng)理BondAnalyst證券分析員BondTrader證券交易員BusinessController業(yè)務主任Buyer采購員F.X.SettlementClerk外匯部核算員F.X.SettlementClerk外匯部核算員FundManager財務經(jīng)理Cashier出納員ChemicalEngineer化學工程師CivilEngineer土木工程師Clerk/Receptionist職員/接待員ClerkTypist&Secretary文書打字兼秘書ComputerDataInputOperator計算機資料輸入員ComputerEngineer計算機工程師ComputerProcessingOperator計算機處理操作員ComputerSystemManager計算機系統(tǒng)部經(jīng)理Copywriter廣告文字撰稿人DeputyGeneralManager副總經(jīng)理EconomicResearchAssistant經(jīng)濟研究助理ElectricalEngineer電氣工程師EngineeringTechnician工程技術員EnglishInstructor/Teacher英語教師ExportSalesManager外銷部經(jīng)理ExportSalesStaff外銷部職員FinancialController財務主任FinancialReporter財務報告人F.X.(ForeignExchange)Clerk外匯部職員MarketingManagerMarketingManager市場銷售部經(jīng)理GeneralAuditor審計長GeneralManager/President總經(jīng)理GeneralManagerAssistant總經(jīng)理助理GeneralManager'sSecretary總經(jīng)理秘書HardwareEngineer計算機硬件工程師ImportLiaisonStaff進口聯(lián)絡員ImportManager進口部經(jīng)理InsuranceActuary保險公司理賠員InternationalSalesStaff國際銷售員Interpreter口語翻譯LegalAdviser法律顧問LineSupervisor生產(chǎn)線主管MaintenanceEngineer維修工程師ManagementConsultant管理顧問Manager經(jīng)理ManagerforPublicRelations公關部經(jīng)理ManufacturingEngineer制造工程師ManufacturingWorker生產(chǎn)員工MarketAnalyst市場分析員MarketDevelopmentManager市場開發(fā)部經(jīng)理MarketingStaff市場銷售員MarketingAssistant銷售助理MarketingExecutive銷售主管MarketingRepresentative銷售代表MarketingRepresentativeManager市場調研部經(jīng)理MechanicalEngineer機械工程師MiningEngineer采礦工程師MusicTeacher音樂教師NavalArchitect造船工程師OfficeAssistant辦公室助理OfficeClerk職員OperationalManager業(yè)務經(jīng)理PackageDesigner包裝設計師PassengerReservationStaff乘客票位預訂員PersonnelClerk人事部職員PersonnelManager人事部經(jīng)理Plant/FactoryManager廠長PostalClerk郵政人員PrivateSecretary私人秘書ProductManager生產(chǎn)部經(jīng)理ProductionEngineer產(chǎn)品工程師ProfessionalStaff專業(yè)人員Programmer電腦程序設計師ProjectStaff項目策劃人員PromotionalManager推售部經(jīng)理Proof-reader校對員PurchasingAgent采購進貨員QualityControlEngineer質量管理工程師RealEstateStaff房地產(chǎn)職員RecruitmentCo-ordinator招聘協(xié)調人RegionalManger地區(qū)經(jīng)理Research＆.DevelopmentEngineer研究開發(fā)工程師RestaurantManager飯店經(jīng)理SalesandPlanningStaff銷售計劃員SalesAssistant銷售助理SalesClerk店員、售貨員SalesCoordinator銷售協(xié)調人SalesEngineer銷售工程師SalesExecutive銷售主管SalesManager銷售部經(jīng)理Salesperson銷售員SellerRepresentative銷售代表SalesSupervisor銷售監(jiān)管SchoolRegistrar學校注冊主任SecretarialAssistant秘書助理TradeFinanceExecutiveTradeFinanceExecutive貿(mào)易財務主管Secretary秘書SecuritiesCustodyClerk保安人員SecurityOfficer安全人員SeniorAccountant高級會計SeniorConsultant/Adviser高級顧問SeniorEmployee高級雇員SeniorSecretary高級秘書ServiceManager服務部經(jīng)理SimultaneousInterpreter同聲傳譯員SoftwareEngineer計算機軟件工程師Supervisor監(jiān)管員SystemsAdviser系統(tǒng)顧問SystemsEngineer系統(tǒng)工程師SystemsOperator系統(tǒng)操作員TechnicalEditor技術編輯TechnicalTranslator技術翻譯TechnicalWorker技術工人TelecommunicationExecutive電訊（電信）員Telephonist/Operator電話接線員、話務員TouristGuide導游TraineeManager培訓部經(jīng)理confrontationconfrontation對話consortia企業(yè)聯(lián)合TranslationChecker翻譯核對員Translator翻譯員TrustBankingExecutive銀行高級職員Typist打字員WordprocessorOperator文字處理操作員Aaccessdiscrimination進入歧視actionresearch動作研究adjourning解散adhocracy特別結構administrativeprinciple管理原則artifacts人工環(huán)境artificialintelligence人工智能工巧匠avoidinglearning規(guī)避性學習ambidextrousapproach雙管齊下策略Bbalancesheet資產(chǎn)負債表bcgmatrix波士頓咨詢集團矩陣bonafideoccupationqualifications善意職業(yè)資格審查boundedrationality有限理性bureaucracy官僚機構benchmarking標桿瞄準boundedrationalityperspective有限理性方法boundary-spanningroles跨超邊界作用Ccomputer-aideddesignandcomputer-automatedmanufacturing(cad/cam)計算機輔助設計與計算機自動生產(chǎn)changeagent變革促進者chaostheory混沌理論charismaticleaders魅力型領導者charityprinciple博愛原則coercivepower強制權cohesiveness凝聚力collaborativemanagement合作型管理comparableworth可比較價值competitivebenchmarking競爭性基準confrontationmeeting碰頭會constancyofpurpose永久性目標contingencyapproach權變理論corporatesocialperformance公司社會表現(xiàn)corporatesocialresponsibility公司社會責任corporatesocialresponsiveness公司社會反應criticalincident關鍵事件currentassets流動資產(chǎn)currentliabilities流動負債culturestrength文化強度creativedepartment創(chuàng)造性部門crafttechnology技藝性技術contextualdimension關聯(lián)性維度continuousprocessproduction連續(xù)加工生產(chǎn)collectivitystage集體化階段clancontrol小團體控制clanculture小團體文化coalition聯(lián)合團體collaborative協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡centrality集中性centraliazation集權化charismaticauthority竭盡忠誠的權力Ddecentralization分權democracymanagement民主管理departmentalization部門化differentialratesystem差別報酬系統(tǒng)dialecticalinquirymethods辯證探求法divisionoflabor勞動分工downwardmobility降職流動dynamicengagement動態(tài)融合dynamicnetwork動態(tài)網(wǎng)絡domain領域directinterlock直接交叉divisionalform事業(yè)部模式differentiationstrategy差別化戰(zhàn)略decisionpremise決策前提dual-coreapproach二元核心模式Eelectronicdata-processing(edp)電子數(shù)據(jù)處理employee-orientedstyle員工導向型風格empowerment授權encoding解碼end-usercomputing終端用戶計算系統(tǒng)entrepreneurship企業(yè)家精神equity凈資產(chǎn)equitytheory公平理論espousedvalue信仰價值ethnocentricmanager種族主義的管理者expectancytheory期望理論expensebudget支出預算expensecenter費用中心externalaudit外部審計externalstakeholders外部利益相關者extrinsicrewards外部獎勵ethicombudsperson倫理巡視官externaladaption外部適應性elaborationstage精細階段entrepreneurialstage創(chuàng)業(yè)階段escalatingcommitment頑固認同F(xiàn)familygroup家庭集團financialstatement財務報表flathierarchies扁平型結構flexiblebudget彈性預算force-fieldtheory場力理論formalauthority合法權力formalsystematicappraisal正式的系統(tǒng)評估franchise特許經(jīng)營權formalizationstage規(guī)范化階段functionalgrouping職能組合formalchannelofcommunication正式溝通渠道Ggametheory博弈論generalfinancialcondition一般財務狀況geocentricmanager全球化管理者generalmanager總經(jīng)理globalization全球化gossipchain傳言鏈grapevine傳言網(wǎng)globalstrategicpartnership全球戰(zhàn)略伙伴關系generalenvironment一般環(huán)境generalist全面戰(zhàn)略geographicgrouping區(qū)域組合globalcompany全球公司globalgeographicstructure全球區(qū)域結構Hhawthorneeffect霍桑效應heuristicprinciples啟發(fā)性原理hierarchy科層制度hiringspecification招聘細則horizontallinkagemodel橫向聯(lián)系模型hybridstructure混合結構hightech高接觸high-velocityenvironments高倍速環(huán)境Iimpoverishedmanagement放任式管理incomestatement損益表informationtransformation信息轉換infrastructure基礎設施integrativeprocess整合過程intelligententerprises智力企業(yè)internalaudit內部審計internalstakeholder內部相關者internship實習intrapreneurship內部企業(yè)家精神intrinsicreward內在報酬inventory庫存,存貨internalintegration內部整合interorganizationrelationship組織間的關系intergroupconflict團體間沖突interlockingdirectorate交叉董事會institutionalperspective機構的觀點intuitivedecisionmaking直覺決策ideachampion構思倡導者incrementalchange漸進式變革informalorganizationalstructure非正式組織結構informalperformanceappraisal非正式業(yè)績評價Jjobdescription職務描述jobdesign職務設計jobenlargement職務擴大化jobenrichment職務豐富化jobrotation職務輪換jobspecialization職務專業(yè)化Kkeyperformanceareas關鍵業(yè)務區(qū)keyresultareas關鍵績效區(qū)Llaborproductivityindex勞動生產(chǎn)力指數(shù)laissezmanagement自由化管理largebatchproduction大批量生產(chǎn)lateralcommunication橫向溝通leadershipstyle領導風格leastpreferredco-worker(lpc)最不喜歡的同事legitimatepower合法權力liability負債liaison聯(lián)絡者lineauthority直線職權l(xiāng)iquidity流動性liaisonrole聯(lián)絡員角色long-linkedtechnology縱向關聯(lián)技術lossesfromconflict沖突帶來的損失low-costleadership低成本領先managementbyobjective目標管理ManagerialGrid管理方格matrixbosses矩陣主管managementchampion管理倡導者materials-requirementsplanning(MRP)物料需求計劃Mslow,shierarchyofneeds馬斯洛需求層次論marketingargument管理文化多元化營銷觀multiculturalism文化多元主義multidivisionalfirm多部門公司moralrules道德準則managementbywalkingaround(MBWA)走動式管理matrixstructure矩陣結構multinationalenterprise(MNE)跨國公司moralrelativism道德相對主義mechanisticsystem機械式組織middle-of-the-roadmanagement中庸式管理mesotheory常態(tài)理論multidomesticstrategy多國化戰(zhàn)略mediatingtechnology調停技術Nna?verelativism樸素相對主義need-achievement成就需要norming規(guī)范化norms規(guī)范nonprogrammeddecisions非程序化決策nonsubstitutability非替代性nonroutinetechnology非例行技術niche領地Ooff-the-jobtraining脫產(chǎn)培訓on-the-jobtraining在職培訓operationalbudget運營預算orderbacklog訂單儲備organicsystem有機系統(tǒng)organizationaldevelopment(OD)組織發(fā)展orientation定位outcomeinterdependence結果的相互依賴性outplacementservices外延服務organizationecosystem組織生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Pparadoxofauthority權威的矛盾paradoxofcreativity創(chuàng)造力的矛盾paradoxofdisclosure開放的矛盾paradoxofidentify身份的矛盾paradoxofindividuality個性的矛盾paradoxofregression回歸的矛盾partialproductivity部分生產(chǎn)率participativemanagement參與式管理path-goalmodel路徑目標模型peerrecruiter同級招聘politicalactioncommittees(PACs)政治活動委員會polycentricmanager多中心管理者portfolioframework業(yè)務組合框架portfolioinvestment資產(chǎn)組合投資positivereinforcement正強化productionflexibility生產(chǎn)柔性profitability收益率programmeddecisions程序化決策psychoanalyticview精神分析法paradigm范式personalratios人員比例pooleddependence集合性依存professionalbureaucracy專業(yè)官僚機構problemidentification問題識別problemisticsearch問題搜尋populationecologymodel種群生態(tài)模型Qquality質量qualitycircle質量圈questionmark問題類市場quidproquo交換物rationalmodelofdecisionmaking理性決策模式realisticjobpreview(RJP)實際工作預覽reciprocalinterdependence相互依存性resourcedependence資源依賴理論routinetechnology例行技術retention保留rationalapproach理性方法rationalmodel理性模型rational-legalauthority理性—合法權威Ssemivariablecost準可變成本senseofpote