高中從句講解

名詞性從句定義：從句在句子中充當(dāng)名詞。分類(lèi)：主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句。（從句在句中充當(dāng)成份）連接詞：連詞：that(無(wú)意義，不充當(dāng)成份)，if/wether(無(wú)意義，是否的意思)連接代詞：what(充當(dāng)主，賓，表，什么)，who(主賓表，指人)，whom,(賓，指人)which（主賓表，定，哪一個(gè)），whose（定語(yǔ)，哪一個(gè)）連接副詞：when(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，什么時(shí)候)，where（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，什么地方），why(原因狀語(yǔ)，為什么)，how(方式狀語(yǔ)，怎么樣，如何)復(fù)合連詞：whatever（不管什么），whoever(不管是誰(shuí))，whichever（不管哪個(gè)），whomever（不管是誰(shuí)），whenever（不管什么時(shí)候），wherever（不管什么地方），however（不管怎樣）主語(yǔ)從句定義：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，常位于句首或者動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞之前Eg:他獲得一得獎(jiǎng)一事使他很興奮。That(不充當(dāng)成份，無(wú)意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.她能來(lái)我們很高興。Thatshewasabletocomemadeushappy.我們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那兒還不確定.Whetherwecangetthereontimeisdoubtful.我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個(gè)問(wèn)題還未作出決定。Whatweshoulddowiththeproblemisundecided.我們所需要的是時(shí)間。Whatweneedistime.對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，最重要的是她的家庭。Whatisimportanttoherisherfamily.誰(shuí)去都是一樣的。、Whowillgomakesnodifference.哪一組贏得比賽還不知道。Whichteamwillwinthegameisstillunknown.她去哪了還是個(gè)迷Whereshehasgoneisamystery.這個(gè)怎么發(fā)生的還不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotclear.他們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始還不知道。Whentheywillstartisstillunkownyet.Whateveryousaidwouldmadeherangry.Whoevercomesfirstshouldgetapresent.形式主語(yǔ)：1).that引導(dǎo)的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)候，為了避免頭重教輕，常用It做形式上的主語(yǔ)而將That從句放句末。Eg:That(不充當(dāng)成份，無(wú)意思)hegotthefirstpriceexcitedhim.=Itexcitedhimthathegotthefirstprice.2).常見(jiàn)的形式主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)1.It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+That從句：Itisclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.2.It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞+That從句：（apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder奇跡,nowonder難怪，goodnews）Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendtheirwedding.Itisnowonderthatyouhaveachievedsomuchsuccess.It+系動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+that(expected,reported,thought,decided,announced)Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout.It+特殊動(dòng)詞+that從句（常用動(dòng)詞seem，appear顯得，happen，matter，turnout,occuretosb某人突然想起）Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendonthestreetyesterday.表語(yǔ)從句定義：充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，位與系動(dòng)詞（常常是Be）動(dòng)詞之后。Eg:Thefactisthatweshoulddependonourselves.Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheproject.其它引導(dǎo)詞：Asif,as,asthough此類(lèi)表語(yǔ)從句常跟在特殊詞后面，如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel.Itsoundsasifsomeoneifknockingthedoor.Youlookjustasyoulooked10yearsago.reason主語(yǔ)時(shí)候表語(yǔ)從句，用that引導(dǎo)，不用Why.但是引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用whyThereasonisthatthedrivewasdrunk.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)表示“plan,advice,suggestion,order,request”等計(jì)劃，命令，建議，請(qǐng)求時(shí)候，表語(yǔ)從句用should+doMysuggestionisthatweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlayingitaside.Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyoushouldlieinbedforafewdays.同位語(yǔ)從句1.定義：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)，用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句，總是跟在一個(gè)名詞后面，該名詞是先行詞。同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)句中某一成份作進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明，與前面的詞在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的成份。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.YouhavenoidearhowworriedIwas.Theproblemwhytheearthisbicomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.Wordcamethathehasbeenabroad.2.不是所有的名詞的都跟同位語(yǔ)，只有有一定內(nèi)涵內(nèi)容的名詞才可以跟同位語(yǔ)。Advice，belief，doubt，explanation，fact，fear，feeling，hope,fact,idear,feeling，word.等。賓語(yǔ)從句(that常?？梢允÷?定義：從句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。Hesaidthathecouldn’tfinishhisworkbeforedusk.Doyouknowwhoisinchargeofthecompany?Idon’tknowwhenwewillmeetagain.Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.(介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用whether，而不用if)形式賓語(yǔ):feel,find,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，將That從句置后。IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheparty.Weallfinditimportantthatweshouldmakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.有些動(dòng)詞后一般不直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句，而補(bǔ)充個(gè)It,這些動(dòng)詞有hate,like,dislike,love,take,seeto,dependon,,relyon,enjoy,appreciate,answarfor,feellike,befondof,counton等。Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Iwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpme.3.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：主句動(dòng)詞是think，believe，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy,guess等。主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)，一