北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期一模試題（含解析）

北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期一模試題（含解析）本試卷滿分共100分考試時(shí)間90分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、年級(jí)、班級(jí)、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。2.本次考試所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項(xiàng)。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號(hào)在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在試卷、草稿紙上答題無(wú)效。4.請(qǐng)保持答題卡卡面清潔，不要裝訂、不要折疊、不要破損。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ThiswasthefifthtimeI'dbeentotheNationalAnnualpetition.ReportershadbeensayingthatIlookedunbeatable.Everyoneexpectedmeto____1____.ButIknewsomethingwas____2____becauseIcouldn'tgetthisonepictureoutofmyhead:apictureofme,falling.“Goaway,”I'dsay.Buttheimagewouldn't____3____.Itwastimetoskate.Themusicstarted,slowly,andItoldmyself,“Havefun,Michael!It'sjusta（n）____4____.”O(jiān)ncethemusicpickedup,Istartedskatingfaster.I'dpracticedtheroutinesomanytimes,andIdidn'thavetothinkabout____5____camenext.ButwhenIcamedownfromthejump,myfootslippedfromunderme.Iputahandontheiceto____6____myself,butitdidn'tdoanygood.Thingskeptgetting____7____.Onatripleflip(三周跳)IspunthroughtheairandjustasIlanded,mywholebodywentdownagain.ThereIwas,flatontheice,withthewholeworld____8____.Ididn'tthinkI'dbeabletopullmyselftogether.ButasIgotup,Iheardanamazing____9____.Peoplewereclappingintimetothemusic.Theyweretryingtogivemecourage.Iwasn'tsurprisedbymyscores.However,theaudience'sclappingwokemeup!Iwassobusytryingnotto____10____thatIforgottofeelwhatwasinmyhearttheloveforskating.1.A.win B.enjoy C.share D.relax2.A.challenging B.missing C.wrong D.dangerous3.A.return B.leave C.appear D.stay4.A.sport B.activity C.picture D.accident5.A.when B.why C.who D.what6.A.prepare B.catch C.fort D.measure7.A.clearer B.easier C.heavier D.worse8.A.watching B.expecting C.ignoring D.changing9.A.voice B.story C.sound D.idea10.A.collapse B.resist C.fall D.escape【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者參加一次滑冰全國(guó)比賽時(shí)，腦海中想到的是自己摔倒的畫面。比賽時(shí)，作者摔倒了，卻贏得了觀眾熱烈的掌聲。這讓作者意識(shí)到，自己在比賽時(shí)只顧想著如何避免摔倒，而忽視了自己內(nèi)心對(duì)滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都希望我能贏。A.win贏；B.enjoy喜歡，享受；C.share分享；D.relax放松。根據(jù)前一句“ReportershadbeensayingthatIlookedunbeatable.”可知，因?yàn)橛浾邆冋f(shuō)作者不可被戰(zhàn)勝，所以此處表示每個(gè)人都期待作者會(huì)贏得比賽。故選A。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我知道有些事情不對(duì)勁，因?yàn)槲乙恢睙o(wú)法擺脫腦海里的畫面:我摔倒的畫面。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)的；B.missing失蹤的；C.wrong錯(cuò)誤的，不對(duì)的；D.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“becauseIcouldn'tgetthisonepictureoutofmyhead:apictureofme,falling.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡吣X海里一直有自己摔倒的畫面，所以此處表示作者感覺事情有些不對(duì)勁。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是這個(gè)畫面不會(huì)被遺忘。A.return返回；B.leave遺忘；C.appear出現(xiàn)；D.stay停留。根據(jù)前文““Goaway,”I'dsay.”和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，作者摔倒的畫面一直揮之不去。故選B。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這只是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.sport運(yùn)動(dòng)；B.activity活動(dòng)；C.picture照片；D.accident事故。根據(jù)前文““Havefun,Michael!”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咴趨⒓踊荣悾髡咦晕野参?，告訴自己這只是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A。【5題詳解】考查連接詞辨析。句意：這個(gè)動(dòng)作我已經(jīng)練習(xí)了很多次了，我根本不用去想接下來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么。A.when何時(shí)；B.why為何；C.who誰(shuí)；D.what什么。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，表示具體的內(nèi)容，所以空處需用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把一只手放在冰上想支撐住自己，但沒有用。A.prepare準(zhǔn)備；B.catch接住，抓住；C.fort安慰；D.measure測(cè)量。根據(jù)前文“ButwhenIcamedownfromthejump,myfootslippedfromunderme.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡吣_滑了，所以他想用手支撐住自己。故選B。【7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：情況越來(lái)越糟。A.clearer更清楚；B.easier更簡(jiǎn)單；C.heavier更差；D.worse更糟糕。根據(jù)后文“Onatripleflip（三周跳）Ispunthroughtheair,andjustasIlanded,mywholebodywentdownagain.”可知，在三個(gè)翻轉(zhuǎn)中，作者在空中旋轉(zhuǎn)，就在落地的時(shí)候，作者的整個(gè)身體又沉了下去。由此可知，情況變得更糟糕。故選D。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我就在那里，平躺在冰上，全世界都在注視著我。A.watching觀看；В.Expecting期待；C.ignoring忽視；D.changing改變。根據(jù)前文“mywholebodywentdownagain.”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咚さ乖诘兀宰髡吒杏X全世界都在注視著自己。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我站起來(lái)時(shí)，我聽到一個(gè)驚人的聲音。A.voice聲音(多指人的嗓音)；B.story故事；C.sound聲音(自然界的各種聲音)；D.idea想法。根據(jù)后文“Peoplewereclappingintimetothemusic.”可知，此處需用sound表示人們的掌聲。故選C。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我忙著不讓自己跌倒，以至于忘記了感受我心中的感受——對(duì)滑冰的熱愛。A.collapse崩潰，倒塌；B.resist抵制；C.fall摔倒；D.escape逃跑。根據(jù)前文“apictureofme,falling.”可知，作者一直想著自己是否會(huì)摔倒，所以此處需用動(dòng)詞fall，表示作者只想著是否會(huì)摔倒，忘記了自己對(duì)滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛。故選C。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Onceuponatime,inasmalltownlivedamanwhocouldn'tsee.Yet,hecarriedalightedlampwithhimwheneverhewentatnight.Onenight,hecame____11____agroupoftravelers.Oneofthemaskedhim,“Hey,man!Youcan'tseeanything!Whydoyoucarryalightedlampthen?”Theblindmanreplied,“Yes,____12____(unfortunate),IamblindbutthelightedlampIamcarryingisforpeoplelikeyouwhocansee.Youmaynotseemeingandendupknockingintome.Thatis____13____Icarryalightedlamp.”【答案】11.across12.unfortunately13.why【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個(gè)盲人拿著一盞點(diǎn)燃的燈為別人照明的故事。【11題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。eacross偶遇，遇到，固定短語(yǔ)。故填across。【12題詳解】考查副詞。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的燈是為像你這樣能看見的人準(zhǔn)備的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾空后整個(gè)句子，unfortunate的副詞為unfortunately“不幸地”。故填unfortunately?！?3題詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這就是我拿著一盞點(diǎn)燃的燈的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用連接詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，此處是對(duì)拿著一盞點(diǎn)燃的燈的原因進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，所以空處需用連接副詞why引導(dǎo)。故填why。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Inrecentyears,Chineseliteraturehasgainedmorepopularityworldwide.AnincreasingnumberofChineseliteraryworks____14____(translate)intomultiplelanguages,includingEnglish,French,JapaneseandRussian,andreadbypeoplefromcountriesandregions____15____(involve)intheBeltandRoadInitiative(“一帶一路”倡議).Notonlyhavethe____16____(story)fromChina'spastmadetheirwaythroughtime,butthebeautyofthelanguagehasdrawntheworld'sattention.【答案】14.havebeentranslated/weretranslated15.involved16.stories【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述中國(guó)文學(xué)在世界范圍內(nèi)越來(lái)越受歡迎。【14題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：越來(lái)越多中國(guó)文學(xué)作品被翻譯成英、法、日、俄等多種語(yǔ)言，被“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家和地區(qū)的人們閱讀?？仗幮栌脛?dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/weredone，表示過(guò)去被翻譯，此處也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：has/havebeendone，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)works，所以此處be動(dòng)詞需用were，助動(dòng)詞需用have。故填havebeentranslated或weretranslated?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：同上。本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞translate，且空處沒有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞countriesandregions，表示被動(dòng)需用過(guò)去分詞involved作后置定語(yǔ)。故填involved?！?6題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：不僅來(lái)自中國(guó)歷史的故事穿越了時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)河，而且語(yǔ)言的美麗吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助動(dòng)詞have可知，空處需用名詞story的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)。故填stories。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。LastJulyChina'smannedsubmersible(載人潛艇)Fendouzhe____17____(dive)10,909metersdeepintheMarianaTrench.Thisisthe____18____(deep)divingrecordforaChinesemannedsubmersible.Thepressureunderwaterisverystrong,____19____islikeanelephantstandingonthetipofyourfinger.Fendouzhecancarryuptothreepeople.Theeggshapemakesiteasierforthescientists____20____(move)aroundandstudythesea.【答案】17.dived/dove18.deepest19.which20.tomove【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了中國(guó)載人潛水器“奮斗者”號(hào)實(shí)現(xiàn)最深潛水記錄?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：去年7月，中國(guó)“奮斗者”號(hào)載人潛水器潛入馬里亞納海溝10909米深處。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)LastJuly可知，空處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，dive的過(guò)去式為dived/dove。故填dived或dove?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：這是中國(guó)載人潛水器的最深潛水記錄。根據(jù)空后“divingrecordforaChinesemannedsubmersible.”和空前定冠詞the可知，空處形容詞需用其最高級(jí)形式deepest，表示最深潛水記錄。故填deepest。【19題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：水下的壓力非常大，就像一頭大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。故填which。【20題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：對(duì)于科學(xué)家們來(lái)說(shuō)，卵形潛水器更容易四處走動(dòng)和研究海洋。Makeiteasierforsb.todosth.使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此處it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，所以空處需用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故填tomove。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AVariousAppstoLearnAppsaretypicaldigitallearningtools,whichcangiveyoudiverseandpersonalizedcontenttomeetyourneeds.Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.KhanAcademyallowsyoutolearnalmostanythingforfree.Itcoverssubjectssuchasmath,physics,biology,andevenputerscience.Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.Youcanreviewsubjectsthatyouarenotgoodat,orstartlearningasubjectyoulike.TheappisinEnglish.Ifyouwanttoseeitstranslationyoucanvisit://open.163./khan.BrainPOPmixeslearningandtechnologyinafunandsimpleway.It'sfreeandteachesyousomethingneweveryday.FromthesolarsystemtoDNA,eachtopicstartswithaninterestingcartoonmovie.Afteryou'vewatchedit,youcantakeatesttoseehowmuchyou'velearned.Udemyisa“l(fā)earnondemand”websiteandapp.Itisforcareerorientedindividualstostarttheircoursepricingat$10.99.Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring(重復(fù)的)paymentsbeforeyoufinish.Thisflexiblelearningappallowsyoutotakethingsslow,fast,oranywhereinbetweenwithpletecontrolonyourend.Duolingoisthepremierleaderinlanguageeducationforlearningapps.Youcanlearntospeak29differentlanguages,allatthetouchofabutton.You'llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords,buttospeakthem.You'lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntomunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!21.Accordingtothepassage,whatappsallowyoutolearnatyourspeed?A.KhanAcademyandUdemy. B.UdemyandDuolingo.C.KhanAcademyandBrainPOP. D.BrainPOPandDuolingo.22.WhatcanDuolingoofferitsusers?A.Subjectsreviewing. B.Speakingpractice.C.Technicalsupport. D.Careertraining.23.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toparethedifferenceofdifferentlearningmethods.B.Tointroducethedevelopmentoflearningtechnology.C.Tohelpfindthesuitablelearningapps.D.Toprovidevariouslearningactivities.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了適合學(xué)習(xí)者的四款應(yīng)用程序。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格一中“Therealmagicofthisappisthatyoucanlearnatyourownpace.(這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí))”和表格三的內(nèi)容“Thisappallowsyoutheflexibilitytotakeyourtimeonacourseyoupurchaseoverthecourseofseveralmonths,withoutworryingaboutrecurring（重復(fù)的）paymentsbeforeyoufinish.(這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序允許你在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里靈活地花時(shí)間在你購(gòu)買的課程上，而不必?fù)?dān)心課程結(jié)束前的重復(fù)付款)”可知，KhanAcademy和Udemy應(yīng)用程序可以讓你按照自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)。故選A。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一個(gè)表格“You'llbeinvitedtonotonlyreadnewwords，buttospeakthem.You'lllearngrammarandconversationalstrategies.Thisapphelpsyoulearntomunicatewithanewportionofitsinhabitants!(你不僅會(huì)被邀請(qǐng)讀生詞，而且會(huì)說(shuō)。你將學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法和會(huì)話策略。這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序幫助你學(xué)會(huì)與新的居民溝通！)”可知，Duolingo這款應(yīng)用程序會(huì)給用戶提供英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)練習(xí)。故選B。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Wanttofindanappthatcanhelpyoulearn?Herearesomegreatideasforyou.(想找一個(gè)可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)的應(yīng)用程序嗎？這里有一些好主意給你)”可知，這篇文章的目的是幫助找到合適的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序。故選C。BRecyclingElectronicWasteWhenAlexLinwas11yearsold,hereadanalarmingarticleinthenewspaperwhichsaidthatpeoplewereburyingoldputersinbackyards,throwingTVsintostreams,anddumping(丟棄)cellphonesinthegarbage.Thiswasdangerousbecauseewastecontainsharmfulchemicalsthatcanleakintotheenvironment,gettingintocrops,animals,watersupplies—andpeople.AlexwasreallyworriedanddecidedtomakeitnextprojectforWIN—theWesterlyInnovationsNetwork.Alexandsixofhisfriendshadformedthisorganizationtohelpsolvemunityproblemstwoyearsbefore.Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithewaste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsinewasteandtheireffectsonhumans.Theylearnedhowtodispose(處置)ofewasteproperlyandhowitcouldberecycled.Then,theysentoutasurveyandfoundonlyoneineightknewwhatewastewas,letalonehowtoproperlydisposeofit.Alexandhisfriendswentintoaction.Theyadvertisedinthelocalnewspaperanddistributednoticestostudents,askingresidentstobringtheirunwantedelectronicstotheschoolparkinglot.Thedrivelastedtwodays,andtheycollectedover9,500kilogramsofewaste.Thenextstepwastosetupalongtermewastedropoffcenterforthetown.Aftersomeresearch,they’dlearnedthatreusingisthebestwaytodealwithelectronicdevicesanditisseventimesmoreefficientthanrecycling.So,theybeganlearningtorefurbish(翻新)putersthemselvesanddistributedthemtostudentswhodidn’thavetheirown.Inthisway,theycouldhelpstudentsintheareaandprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.Foralastingsolutiontoewaste,thedropoffcenterwasn’tenough.Lawswouldhavetobepassed.In2016,WINhelpedpushforanewastebillintheirtown,whichrequiredpaniesthatmanufacturedorsoldelectronicstotakebackewaste.Thebillclearlyforbidsthedumpingofewaste.BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofewaste.AsAlexsays,“Today’stechnologyshouldnotbeetomorrow’sharmfulgarbage.”24.WhatwasAlex’sworryafterhereadthearticle?AThelitteringofewaste. B.Therecyclingofplastic.C.Thechangeofenvironment. D.Theoveruseofoldputers.25.WhatdidAlexdotostarttheproject?A.SetupWIN. B.Collectinformation.C.Askfriendsforhelp. D.Carryoutasurvey.26.WhichcanbestdescribethewayAlexandhisteamdidtheirwork?A.Traditional. B.petitive.C.Scientific. D.Convenient.27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Thereisnoendtoperfection.B.Successesthroughfailure.C.Everypositiveattitudehasareward.D.Youngpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了幾個(gè)十幾歲的年輕人為了避免電子垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響，想辦法循環(huán)利用電子垃圾的事情?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“WhenAlexLinwas11yearsold,hereadanalarmingarticleinthenewspaperwhichsaidthatpeoplewereburyingoldputersinbackyards,throwingTVsintostreams,anddumping(丟棄)cellphonesinthegarbage.Thiswasdangerousbecauseewastecontainsharmfulchemicalsthatcanleakintotheenvironment,gettingintocrops,animals,watersupplies—andpeople.”（當(dāng)AlexLin11歲時(shí)，他在報(bào)紙上讀到一篇令人震驚的文章，人們把舊電腦埋在后院，把電視扔到河里，把扔到垃圾堆里。這是危險(xiǎn)的，因?yàn)殡娮永泻杏泻Φ幕瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)，可能會(huì)泄漏到環(huán)境中，進(jìn)入農(nóng)作物、動(dòng)物、水源和人類。）和第二段第一句話“Alexwasreallyworried”（Alex真的很擔(dān)心）可知，Alex看到報(bào)紙上的文章，得知隨意丟棄電子垃圾是危險(xiǎn)的，會(huì)危害環(huán)境、農(nóng)作物、動(dòng)物、水源和人類，這讓他很擔(dān)心。由此可知，Alex看完這篇文章后擔(dān)心的是亂扔電子垃圾的現(xiàn)象。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithewaste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsinewasteandtheireffectsonhumans.”（但是他們能對(duì)這個(gè)電子垃圾項(xiàng)目做些什么呢？小組花了幾周時(shí)間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)及其對(duì)人類影響的信息。）可知，為了開展這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，小組首先花了幾周時(shí)間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)及其對(duì)人類影響的信息。由此可知，Alex通過(guò)收集信息的方式來(lái)開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句“Butwhatcouldtheydoaboutthisprojectwithewaste?Theteamspentseveralweeksgatheringinformationabouttheharmfulchemicalsinewasteandtheireffectsonhumans.”（但是他們能對(duì)這個(gè)電子垃圾項(xiàng)目做些什么呢？小組花了幾周時(shí)間收集有關(guān)電子垃圾中有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)及其對(duì)人類影響的信息。）、第四段關(guān)鍵句“Alexandhisfriendswentintoaction.Theyadvertisedinthelocalnewspaperanddistributednoticestostudents,askingresidentstobringtheirunwantedelectronicstotheschoolparkinglot.”（Alex和他的朋友們開始行動(dòng)了。他們?cè)诋?dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上登廣告，向?qū)W生們分發(fā)通知，要求居民們把不需要的電子產(chǎn)品帶到學(xué)校停車場(chǎng)。）和第五段關(guān)鍵句“Thenextstepwastosetupalongtermewastedropoffcenterforthetown.”（下一步是為該鎮(zhèn)建立一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的電子垃圾投放中心。）可知，Alex和他的朋友們?yōu)榱碎_展這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，首先收集信息，然后通過(guò)登報(bào)和分發(fā)通知等方式進(jìn)行宣傳，接下來(lái)建立一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的電子垃圾投放中心，這種做法是科學(xué)的，再結(jié)合最后一段關(guān)鍵句“BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofewaste.”（由于WIN的工作，越來(lái)越多的人，像Alex和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)一樣，正在得到關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息。）可知，他們的工作獲得了成功。由此可推斷出，Alex和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的工作方式是科學(xué)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段關(guān)鍵句“BecauseoftheworkofWIN,moreandmorepeople,likeAlexandhisteam,aregettingthemessageaboutsafedisposalofewaste.”（由于WIN的工作，越來(lái)越多的人，像Alex和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)一樣，正在得到關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要講述了幾個(gè)十幾歲的年輕人為了避免電子垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響，想辦法循環(huán)利用電子垃圾的事情，并最終獲得了成功，越來(lái)越多的人知道了關(guān)于安全處理電子垃圾的信息?！癥oungpeoplecanmakeabigdifference.”意為“年輕人可以有所作為?！蹦軌蚋爬ㄟ@個(gè)故事傳達(dá)的信息。故選D項(xiàng)。CJustbecauseascientistputsaGPStrackingcollaronawildpolarbeardoesnotmeantheanimalwillwillinglykeepiton.Theycanremoveit,ifonebeesannoying.Butscientistshavenowfoundawayofusingsignalsfromthosedroppedcollarstotracktheiceitself.Thescientistsidentified20collarsthattransmittedmovementdataconsistentwithicedrift(漂流)ratherthanpolarbearmotionbetween2005and2015.TheresultingrecordsofhowmeltingicedriftsinHudsonBayareunique;therearenoeasilyaccessibleonthegroundsensors,andsatelliteobservationsoftencannotaccuratelycapturethemotionofsmallicesheets.Theteamparedtheremovedcollars’movementstowidelyusedicedriftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter(NSIDC).CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay—aswellastheoverallextentofdrift.Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddiverge(偏離)fromanicesheet’slocationbyafewhundredkilometers,thescientistssay.Thismeansthebearsmaybeworkingharder,whenmovingagainstthedirectionoftheice,thanscientistshadassumed,“Sincewe’reunderestimatingthespeedofdrift,we’relikelyunderestimatingtheenergeticeffortofpolarbears,”saysRonTogunov,wholedthestudy.Thestudyrevealstimelyinsightintohowhighlymobileicemoves.Asmeltingincreasesiningyears,suchicewilllikelybeemoremonfarthernorth,inthecentralArctic,saysAndyMahoney,ageophysicistattheUniversityofAlaska,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.ScientistshadknownNSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds,Mahoneysays,but“anytimewecanfindadatagapandplugitisagoodthing.”Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseaslitteredwithdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist.ThefindingsmayeveninfluencefutureNSIDCmodels.“It'’sareallynicedataset.”Meiersays.“Andcertainlyonewe’lltakeunderconsideration.”28.WhatcanaGPStrackingcollardo?A.Measurethedepthoficesheet. B.Capturethemovementofice.C.Describethemeltingspeedofice. D.Recordtheemotionalstateofbears.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecollardata?A.Itshowstheicemovesmoreslowlyfromitsoriginallocation.B.Itmayrevealpolarbearsarenotsoenergeticasbefore.C.ItindicatestheiceismorelikelytomovesouthinthecentralArctic.D.Itcanhelppredictthelocationofsomepollutantsinseas.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DataTellsaDifferentStory B.WildPolarBears’SignalingC.InsightsintoaPuzzlingAspect D.IceIsTakenunderConsideration【答案】28.B29.D30.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈能捕獲冰層的運(yùn)動(dòng)，讓我們對(duì)冰層移動(dòng)的速度以及漂移的總體范圍有了新的認(rèn)知?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Butscientistshavenowfoundawayofusingsignalsfromthosedroppedcollarstotracktheiceitself.(但是科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可以利用掉下來(lái)的項(xiàng)圈發(fā)出的信號(hào)來(lái)追蹤冰層本身)”和第二段關(guān)鍵句“Thescientistsidentified20collarsthattransmittedmovementdataconsistentwithicedrift(漂流)ratherthanpolarbearmotionbetween2005and2015.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了20個(gè)項(xiàng)圈，這些項(xiàng)圈傳遞的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)與2005年至2015年間的冰層漂流一致，而不是北極熊的運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，這些掉下來(lái)的GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈可以發(fā)出信號(hào)來(lái)追蹤冰層本身，能夠傳遞冰層運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由此可知，GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈能捕獲冰的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseaslitteredwithdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist.(此外，NSIDC的一位高級(jí)研究科學(xué)家WaltMeier說(shuō)，這樣的數(shù)據(jù)可以改進(jìn)關(guān)于溢油或其他污染物如何在布滿浮冰的海洋中擴(kuò)散的預(yù)測(cè))”可知，GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈捕獲的數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)海洋中一些污染物的位置。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。分析文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第三段關(guān)鍵句“Theteamparedtheremovedcollars’movementstowidelyusedicedriftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter(NSIDC).CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay—aswellastheoverallextentofdrift.(研究小組將移除的項(xiàng)圈的運(yùn)動(dòng)與美國(guó)國(guó)家冰雪數(shù)據(jù)中心（NSIDC）廣泛使用的冰漂移建模數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較。項(xiàng)圈數(shù)據(jù)表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德遜灣冰層移動(dòng)的速度以及漂移的總體范圍)”可知，GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈捕獲的數(shù)據(jù)與NSIDC模型的數(shù)據(jù)不相符，讓我們對(duì)冰層移動(dòng)的速度以及漂移的總體范圍有了新的認(rèn)知?！癉ataTellsaDifferentStory”意為“數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明了另一種情況”能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)。DAtuniversity,whenItoldpeopleIwasstudyingforahistorydegree,theresponsewasalmostalwaysthesame,“Youwanttobeateacher?”No,ajournalist.“Oh.Butyou’renotmajoringinmunications?”Inthedayswhenauniversityeducationwasaprivilege,perhapstherewasn’ttheassumptionthatadegreehadtobeaspringboarddirectlyintoacareer.Thosedaysarelonggone.Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.Wanttobeajournalist?Studyjournalism,we’retold.Alawyer?Pursueprelaw.Nottotallysure?GointoSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineerandMaths)—youcanbeeanengineeroranITexpert.Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.It’struethatthehumanitiesewithahigherriskofunemployment,buttheriskisslighterthanyouwouldimagine.ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.Lowersalariesmaynotbecausedbythedegreeitselfeither.Thegenderpaygappersistsinthehumanities,whosegraduatesaremorelikelytobefemale.Isitanywonderthenthatlanguageteacherstendtomakelessthanengineers?AccordingtoLinkedIn’sresearchonthemostsoughtafterjobskillsbyemployersfor2019,theabilitytomunicateandgetalongwithpeople,tounderstandwhat’sonotherpeople’sminds,andtodofullstrengthcriticalanalysiswereallvaluedandappreciated.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyoucanbeanexcellentmunicatorandcriticalthinkerwithoutahumanitiesdegree.Andanygooduniversityeducation,notjustoneinEnglishorpsychology,shouldsharpentheseabilitiesfurther.Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.ThewholequestionofwhetherastudentshouldchooseSTEMversusthehumanitiesmightbemisguidedtobeginwith.Theheadlinesmostofusseedon’thelp.Whateverastudentpursuesinuniversity,itmustbesomethingthattheyarenotonlygoodat,butinterestedin.Evenifitmeanspursuinga“useless”degree—likeoneinhumanities.31.Whyarepeoplepayingmoreandmoreforadegree?A.Becausepeopleneedadegreetofurthertheircareer.B.Becauseuniversityeducationisconsideredaprivilege.C.Becauseadegreeisviewedasamustforlandingajob.D.Becausetheirinterestcanbedevelopedinuniversity.32.Theauthormentionedaplugandplaytypeofapproachtoshow________.A.atipforchoosingamajorB.theimportanceofhighereducationC.aproblemthatexistsamongSTEMgraduatesD.thereasonwhypeopleoverlookthehumanities33.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthebenefitofmajoringinhumanities?A.Aparativelyhighsalaryaftergraduation.B.Betterchancesofgettingridofgenderprejudice.C.Abettermunicativeskillthansciencestudents.D.Moreexposuretothetrainingoflanguageandthinking.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepursuitofhumanities?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.C.Objective. D.Concerned.【答案】31.C32.D33.D34.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。作者在文中引用了科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的利與弊，告訴我們學(xué)生在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)的應(yīng)該是自己擅長(zhǎng)并感興趣的東西，并不只是為了獲得工作而學(xué)習(xí)。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Today,adegreeisallbutanecessityforthejobmarket,onethatmorethanhalvesyourchancesofbeingunemployed.Still,thataloneisnoguaranteeofajob—andyetwe’repayingmoreandmoreforone.(如今，學(xué)位對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)幾乎是一種必需品，它會(huì)使你失業(yè)幾率減半以上。盡管如此，單憑這一點(diǎn)并不能保證找到一份工作，然而我們?yōu)閷W(xué)位付出的代價(jià)卻越來(lái)越高)”可知，人們?yōu)閷W(xué)位付出的代價(jià)卻越來(lái)越高是因?yàn)閷W(xué)位被視為獲得工作的必備條件。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Giventhosecosts,mostofuswanttomaximizethatinvestment—andthatcanleadtoaplugandplaytypeofapproachtohighereducation.(考慮到這些成本，我們大多數(shù)人都希望將投資最大化——這就導(dǎo)致了一種即插即用的高等教育方式)”和“Andnomatterwhatyoudo,forgetthehumanities,suchashistory,philosophyandlanguages.(不管你做什么，忘記了人文學(xué)科，比如歷史、哲學(xué)和語(yǔ)言)”可知，作者提出了一種即插即用的方法是為了說(shuō)明人們忽視人文學(xué)科的原因。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學(xué)科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語(yǔ)和批判性思維——無(wú)論是在研討會(huì)上與其他學(xué)生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩(shī)歌)”可知，在筆者看來(lái)，主修人文學(xué)科的好處是能更多的接受語(yǔ)言和思維的訓(xùn)練。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“ForyoungpeopleintheU.S.,theunemploymentrateofthosewithhumanitiesdegreesisfourpercent,justalittlemorethanthatofengineeringdegreeholders.(對(duì)于美國(guó)的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，擁有人文學(xué)科學(xué)位的人的失業(yè)率是百分之四，只比擁有工程學(xué)學(xué)位的人高一點(diǎn)點(diǎn))”和倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Butfewcoursesofstudyarequiteasheavyonreading,writing,speakingandcriticalthinkingasthehumanities—whetherthat’sbydebatingotherstudentsinaseminar,writingathesispaperoranalyzingpoetry.(但很少有課程像人文學(xué)科那樣注重閱讀、寫作、口語(yǔ)和批判性思維——無(wú)論是在研討會(huì)上與其他學(xué)生辯論、寫論文還是分析詩(shī)歌)”可知，作者在文中引用了科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)客觀介紹了學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的利與弊，作者對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)人文學(xué)科的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatCanWeSeeinaLogo?Weseehundredsoflogosonsigns,vehicles,websites,andevenontheclotheswewear.Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.____35____However,recentlyresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.Researchersgave85studentsasimpleassignmenttodrawtheApplelogopurelyfrommemory.Surprisinglyonlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.____36____Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.Thisprocessisknownas“attentionalsaturation(注意力飽和).”____37____Eventhoughthebrainisaccustomedtoignoringunnecessarydetails,itisalsoprogrammedforrecognition.Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webeefamiliarwiththem.Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoasgist(梗概)memory.____38____Thisgeneralsenseofmemoryhasitsownbenefits.Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorefortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.Logosareeverywherewelooktoday.Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorbinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.____39____Acleverdesignmaybeinteresting,butmostpeoplewillforgetthedetails—especiallyifourbrainshaveanythingtosayaboutit.A.Thismaybeinspiringtologodesigners.B.Peoplewillknowtheproductbehindthelogo.C.Sowhyisitsodifficultforpeopletorecallthedetailsofimages?D.Theyalsohelpusrememberaproductorserviceconnectedtothatimage.E.Itmeansthatourbrainremembersthebasicideawithoutallofthedetails.F.Ourbrainsactua