C++上機實驗報告實驗四

-.z.實驗四數組、指針與字符串實驗目的1.學習使用數組2.學習字符串數據的組織和處理3.學習標準C++庫的使用4.掌握指針的使用方法5.練習通過Debug觀察指針的容及其所指的對象的容6.聯系通過動態(tài)存分配實現動態(tài)數組，并體會指針在其中的作用7.分別使用字符數組和標準C++庫練習處理字符串的方法實驗要求1.編寫并測試3*3矩陣轉置函數，使用數組保存3*3矩陣。2.使用動態(tài)存分配生成動態(tài)數組來重新完成上題，使用指針實現函數的功能。3.編程實現兩字符串的連接。要求使用字符數組保存字符串，不要使用系統(tǒng)函數。4.使用string類定義字符串對象，重新實現上一小題。5.定義一個Employee類，其中包括、街道地址、城市和等屬性，以及change_name()和display()等函數。Display()顯示、街道地址、城市和等屬性，change_name()改變對象的屬性。實現并測試這個類。6.定義包含5個元素的對象數組，每個元素都是Employee類型的對象。7.〔選做〕修改實驗4中的選做實驗中的people〔人員〕類。具有的屬性如下：charname[11]、編號charnumber[7]、性別charse*[3]、生日birthday、號charid[16]。其中“出生日期〞定義為一個“日期〞類嵌對象。用成員函數實現對人員信息的錄入和顯示。要求包括：構造函數和析構函數、拷貝構造函數、聯成員函數、聚集。在測試程序中定義people類的對象數組，錄入數據并顯示。實驗容及實驗步驟1.編寫矩陣轉置函數，輸入參數為3*3整形數組，使用循環(huán)語句實現矩陣元素的行列對調，注意在循環(huán)語句中終究需要對哪些元素進展操作，編寫main〔〕函數實現輸入、輸出。程序名：lab6_1.cpp。2.改寫矩陣轉置函數，參數為整型指針，使用指針對數組元素進展操作，在main〔〕函數中使用new操作符分配存生成動態(tài)數組。通過Debug觀察指針的容及其所指的對象中的容。程序名：lab6_2.cpp。3.編程實現兩字符串的連接。定義字符數組保存字符串，在程序中提示用戶輸入兩個字符串，實現兩個字符串的連接，最后用cout語句顯示輸出。程序名：lab6_3.cpp。用cin實現輸入，注意，字符串的完畢標志是ASCII碼0，使用循環(huán)語句進展字符串間的字符拷貝。4.使用string類定義字符串對象，編程實現兩字符串的連接。在string類中已重載了運算符“+=〞實現字符串的連接，可以使用這個功能。程序名：lab6_4.cpp。5.在employee.h文件中定義Employee類。Employee類具有、街道地址、城市和等私有數據成員，在成員函數中，構造函數用來初始化所有數據成員;display()中使用cout顯示、街道地址、城市和等屬性，change_name()改變類中表示屬性的數據成員。在主程序中定義這個類的對象并對其進展操作。程序名：lab6_5.cpp。6.使用上一小題中定義的Employee類定義對象數組emp[5]，使用循環(huán)語句把數據顯示出來。程序名：lab6_6.cpp。4.思考題1.如何存儲和處理字符串？〔1〕可以利用字符數組存儲和處理字符串；〔2〕利用系統(tǒng)提供的string類存儲和處理字符串。2.頭文件<string.h>和頭文件<string>有何區(qū)別？包含頭文件<string.h>后，可以使用系統(tǒng)的字符串處理函數，如strcat〔連接〕.strcpy〔復制〕.strcmp〔比擬〕.strlen〔求長度〕.strlwr〔轉換為小寫〕.strupr〔轉換為大寫〕等等；而包含頭文件<string>后，則可以定義string類，并且使用系統(tǒng)提供的string類操作符對string類型的對象進展處理。3.有幾種方法來表示和處理數組元素？〔1〕數組下標方法，如a[i]〔2〕指針的方法，如int*p=&a[0]5.源程序*include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta[3][3];voidshowTrans(){inti,j;cout<<"Thetranspositionmatri*is:"<<endl;for(j=0;j<3;j++){for(i=0;i<3;i++){cout<<a[i][j];cout<<"";}cout<<endl;}}voidinput(){inti,j;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matri*:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){cin>>a[i][j];}}}intmain(){input();showTrans();return0;}*include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;int*p[9];voidshowTrans(){inti,j;cout<<"Thetranspositionmatri*is:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=i;j<9;j=j+3){cout<<*p[j];cout<<"";}cout<<endl;}}voidinput(){inti,n;cout<<"Pleaseinputyour3*3matri*:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<9;i++){cin>>n;p[i]=newint(n);}}intmain(){input();showTrans();inti;for(i=0;i<9;i++){deletep[i];}return0;}*include<iostream>//不使用系統(tǒng)自帶函數strcpyusingnamespacestd;chara[20]={"/0"},b[20]={"/0"},c[45]={"/0"};intmain(){inti,j,k;cout<<"Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'\n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,'\n');intm=0,n=0;//將數組a中的字符串拷貝到數組c中for(k=0;k<45,a[m]!='\0';k++,m++){c[k]=a[m];}//將數組b中的字符串接著a，拷貝到數組c中for(;k<45,b[n]!='\0';k++,n++){c[k]=b[n];}cout<<c;return0;}lab6_4.cpp*include<iostream>*include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;chara[20]={"/0"},b[20]={"/0"};intmain(){cout<<"Inputthefirststring:"<<endl;cin.getline(a,20,'\n');cout<<"Inputthesecondstring:"<<endl;cin.getline(b,20,'\n');strings1=a;strings2=b;strings3=s1+s2;cout<<s3;return0;}Employee.h*ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED*defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployee{private:charname[15];charaddress[25];charcity[10];intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp);~Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_address();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();};*endif//Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp*include<iostream>*include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee::Employee(){}Employee::Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp){name[0]=n;name[1]='\0';address[0]=a;address[1]='\0';city[0]=c;city[1]='\0';postcode=p;}Employee::~Employee(){}voidEmployee::change_name(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_address(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"<<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_city(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_postcode(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;}voidEmployee::display(){cout<<"Yourinformationshowsasfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;}intmain(){Employeeperson(1,1,1,1);person.display();person.change_name();person.change_address();person.change_city();person.change_postcode();person.display();return0;}*ifndefEmployee_H_INCLUDED*defineEmployee_H_INCLUDEDclassEmployee{private:charname[15];charaddress[25];charcity[10];intpostcode;public:Employee();Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp);~Employee();voidchange_name();voidchange_address();voidchange_city();voidchange_postcode();voiddisplay();};*endif//Employee_H_INCLUDEDEmployee.cpp*include<iostream>*include"Employee.h"usingnamespacestd;Employee::Employee(){}Employee::Employee(charn,chara,charc,intp){name[0]=n;name[1]='\0';address[0]=a;address[1]='\0';city[0]=c;city[1]='\0';postcode=p;}Employee::~Employee(){}voidEmployee::change_name(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedname:"<<endl;cin.getline(name,15,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_address(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedaddress:"<<endl;cin.getline(address,25,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_city(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedcity:"<<endl;cin.getline(city,10,'\n');}voidEmployee::change_postcode(){cout<<"Pleaseinputyourchangedpostcode:"<<endl;cin>>postcode;}voidEmployee::display(){cout<<"Yourinformationshowsasfollow:"<<endl;cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<address<<endl;cout<<"city:"<<city<<endl;cout<<"postcode:"<<postcode<<endl;}intmain(){Employeeemp[5]={Employee(1,1,1,1),Employee(2,2,2,2),Employee(3,3,3,3),Employee(4,4,4,4),Employee(5,5,5,5)};inti;for(i=0;i<5;i++){emp[i].display();emp[i].change_name();emp[i].change_address();emp[i].change_city();emp[i].change_postcode();cin.get();}for(i=0;i<5;i++){cout<<"Theemp"<<i<<"";emp[i].display();}return0;}7.*include<iostream>*include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;//Date類classDate{private: intyear; intmonth; intday;public: Date(); Date(inty,intm,intd); Date(Date&p); ~Date(); voidsetDate(); voidshowDate();};//People類，其中含Date類型的數據classPeople{private: charname[11]; charnumber[7]; charse*[3]; Datebirthday; charid[16];public: People(); People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i); People(People&p); ~People(); voidsetName(); voidsetNumber(); voidsetSe*(); voidsetId(); voidshowPeople();};//Date構造函數Date::Date(){}Date::Date(inty,intm,intd) { year=y; month=m; day=d; }Date::Date(Date&p){ year=p.year; month=p.month; day=p.day;}//析構inlineDate::~Date(){}//Date成員函數，設置出生年月日voidDate::setDate() { inty,m,d; cout<<"Inputtheyear:"; cin>>y; cout<<"Inputthemonth:"; cin>>m; cout<<"Inputtheday:"; cin>>d; year=y; month=m; day=d; }//Date聯成員函數，輸出年月日inlinevoidDate::showDate() { cout<<"Birthdayis"<<year<<"年"<<month<<"月"<<day<<"日"<<endl; }//People構造函數People::People(){};People::People(char*n,char*nu,char*s,Dateb,char*i){strcpy(name,n); strcpy(number,nu); strcpy(se*,s); birthday=b; strcpy(id,i);}People::People(People&p){ strcpy(name,); strcpy(number,p.number); birthday=p.birthday; strcpy(id,p.id);}//People析構inlinePeople::~People(){}//People成員函數，設置各類數據voidPeople::setName(){ cout<<"Pleaseinputtheperson'sname:"; cin.getline(name,11,'\n');}voidPeople::setNumber(){ cout<<"Inputnumber:"; cin.getline(number,7,'\n');}voidPeople::setSe*(){cout<<"Inputse*:"; cin.getlin