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夜鶯與玫瑰最全英文原文及林徽因譯文林徽因不僅著名建筑學(xué)家、詩(shī)人、作家,還是一位小有成就的翻譯家。她19歲的時(shí)候,翻譯過(guò)英國(guó)作家?jiàn)W斯卡·王爾德(OscarWilde)的《夜鶯與玫瑰》,以“尺棰”的筆名發(fā)表在1923年12月1日的《晨報(bào)五周年紀(jì)念增刊》上。她22歲時(shí)翻譯出版的30萬(wàn)字的美國(guó)作家房龍所著《古代的人》曾風(fēng)會(huì)一時(shí).《夜鶯與玫瑰》是奧斯卡·王爾德(OscarWilde)筆下的一個(gè)凄美虐心的愛(ài)情童話(huà),故事里有一只小鳥(niǎo),它比我們?nèi)魏稳硕家嘈艕?ài)情,它勇敢、無(wú)懼,為了得到一朵象征愛(ài)情的紅玫瑰而流盡了生命的血液。二、林徽因譯著THENIGHTINGALEANDTHEROSE夜鶯與玫瑰(節(jié)選)王爾德著林徽因譯"ShesaidthatshewoulddancewithmeifIbroughtherredroses,"criedtheyoungStudent,"butinallmygardenthereisnoredrose."“她說(shuō)我若為她采得紅玫瑰,便與我跳舞?!鼻嗄陮W(xué)生哭著說(shuō),“但我全園里何曾有一朵紅玫瑰?”FromhernestintheoaktreetheNightingaleheardhim,andshelookedoutthroughtheleavesandwondered.夜鶯在橡樹(shù)上巢中聽(tīng)見(jiàn),從葉叢里望外看,心中詫異。"Noredroseinallmygarden!"hecried,andhisbeautifuleyesfilledwithtears."Ah,onwhatlittlethingsdoeshappinessdepend!Ihavereadallthatthewisemenhavewritten,andallthesecretsofphilosophyaremine,yetforwantofaredroseismylifemadewretched."青年哭道,“我園中并沒(méi)有紅玫瑰!”他秀眼里滿(mǎn)含著淚珠?!把?!幸福倒靠著這些區(qū)區(qū)小東西!古圣賢書(shū)我已讀完,哲學(xué)的玄秘我已徹悟,然而因?yàn)榍笠欢浼t玫瑰不得,我的生活便這樣難堪。”"Hereatlastisatruelover,"saidtheNightingale."NightafternighthaveIsungofhim,thoughIknewhimnot:nightafternighthaveItoldhisstorytothestarsandnowIseehim.Hishairisdarkasthehyacinth--blossom,andhislipsareredastheroseofhisdesire;butpassionhasmadehisfacelikepaleivory,andsorrowhassethersealuponhisbrow."夜鶯嘆道,“真情人竟在這里。以前我雖不曾認(rèn)識(shí),我卻夜夜的歌唱他:我夜夜將他的一樁樁事告訴星辰,如今我見(jiàn)著他了。他的頭發(fā)黑如風(fēng)信子花,嘴唇紅比他所切盼的玫瑰,但是摯情已使他臉色憔悴,煩惱已在他眉端引著痕跡。”"Here,indeed,isthetruelover,"saidtheNightingale."WhatIsingof,hesuffers:whatisjoytome,tohimispain.Surelyloveisawonderfulthing.Itismorepreciousthanemeralds,anddearerthanfineopals.Pearlsandpomegranatescannotbuyit,norisitsetforthinthemarket-place.Itmaynotbepurchasedofthemerchants,norcanitbeweighedoutinthebalanceforgold."“這真是個(gè)真情人?!币国L又說(shuō)著,“我所歌唱,是他嘗受的苦楚:在我是樂(lè)的,在他卻是悲痛?!異?ài)’果然是件非常的東西。比翡翠還珍重,比瑪瑙更寶貴。珍珠,榴石買(mǎi)不得他,黃金亦不能作他的代價(jià),因?yàn)樗皇窃谑猩铣鲑u(mài),也不是商人販賣(mài)的東西。”"Themusicianswillsitintheirgallery,"saidtheyoungStudent,"andplayupontheirstringedinstruments,andmylovewilldancetothesoundoftheharpandtheviolin.Shewilldancesolightlythatherfeetwillnottouchthefloor,andthecourtiersintheirgaydresseswillthrongroundher.Butwithmeshewillnotdance,forIhavenoredrosetogiveher:"andheflunghimselfdownonthegrass,andburiedhisfaceinhishands,andwept.青年說(shuō):“樂(lè)師們將在樂(lè)壇上彈弄絲竹,我那愛(ài)人也將按著弦琴的音節(jié)舞蹈。她舞得那么翩翩,蓮步都不著地,華服的少年們就會(huì)艷羨的圍著她。但她不同我跳舞,因我沒(méi)有為她采到紅玫瑰?!庇谑撬P倒在草里,兩手掩著臉哭泣。"Ifyouwantaredrose,"saidtheTree,"youmustbuilditoutofmusicbymoonlight,andstainitwithyourownheart’sblood.Youmustsingtomewithyourbreastagainstathorn.Allnightlongyoumustsingtome,andthethornmustpierceyourheart,andyourlife-bloodmustflowintomeveins,andbecomemine."那樹(shù)說(shuō)道,“你若要一朵紅玫瑰,你需在月色里用音樂(lè)制成,然后用你自己的心血染她。你需將胸口頂著一根尖刺,為我歌唱。你需整夜的為我歌唱,那刺需刺入你的心頭,你生命的血液得流到我的心房里變成我的?!?Deathisagreatpricetopayforaredrose,"criedtheNightingale,"andLifeisverydeartoall.Itispleasanttositinthegreenwood,andtowatchtheSuninhischariotofgold,andtheMooninherchariotofpearl.Sweetisthescentofthehawthorn,andsweetarethebluebellsthathideinthevalley,andtheheatherthatblowsonthehill.YetloveisbetterthanLife,andwhatistheheartofabirdcomparedtotheheartofaman?"夜鶯嘆道,“拿死來(lái)買(mǎi)一朵紅玫瑰,代價(jià)真不小,誰(shuí)的生命不是寶貴的,坐在青郁的森林里,看太陽(yáng)在黃金車(chē)?yán)?,月亮在白珠輦?nèi)馳騁,真是一樁樂(lè)事。山楂花的味兒真香,山谷里的吊鐘花和山坡上野草真美。然而‘愛(ài)’比生命更可貴,一個(gè)鳥(niǎo)的心又怎能和人的心比?”"Behappy,"criedtheNightingale,"behappy;youshallhaveyourredrose.Iwillbuilditoutofmusicbymoonlight,andstainitwithmyownheart’sblood.AllthatIaskofyouinreturnisthatyouwillbeatruelover,forLoveiswiserthanPhilosophy,thoughheiswise,andmightierthanPower,thoughheismighty.Flame-colouredarehiswings,andcolouredlikeflameishisbody.Hislipsaresweetashomey,andhisbreathislikefrankincense."夜鶯喊道,“高興吧,快樂(lè)吧;你將要采到你那朵紅玫瑰了。我將用月下的歌音制成她。我向你所求的報(bào)酬,僅是要你做一個(gè)真摯的情人,因?yàn)檎芾黼m智,愛(ài)比她更慧,權(quán)力雖雄,愛(ài)比她更偉。焰光的色彩是愛(ài)的雙翅,烈火的顏色是愛(ài)的軀干。她又如蜜的口唇,若蘭的吐氣?!盇ndwhenthemoonshoneintheheavenstheNightingaleflewtotheRose-tree,andsetherbreastagainstthethorn.Allnightlongshesang,withherbreastagainstthethorn,andthecoldcrystalMoonleaneddownandlistened.Allnightlongshesang,andthethornwentdeeperanddeeperintoherbreast,andherlife-bloodebbedawayfromher.待月亮升到天空,放出她的光艷時(shí),那夜鶯也就來(lái)到玫瑰枝邊,將胸口插在刺上。她胸前插著尖刺,整夜的歌唱,那晶瑩的月亮倚在云邊靜聽(tīng)。她整夜的,囀著歌喉,那刺越插越深,她生命的血液漸漸溢去。"Look,look!"criedtheTree,"theroseisfinishednow;"buttheNightingalemadenotanswer,forshewaslyingdeadinthelonggrass,withthethorninherheart.那樹(shù)叫道,“看,這玫瑰已制成了。”然而夜鶯并不回答,她已躺在亂草里死去,那刺還插在心頭。AndatnoontheStudentopenedhiswindowandlookedout.日午時(shí)青年開(kāi)窗望外看。"Why,whatawonderfulpieceofluck!"Hecried;"hereisaredrose!Ihaveneverseenanyroselikeitinallmylife.ItissobeautifulthatIamsureithasalongLatinname;"andheleaneddownandpluckedit.他叫道,“怪事,真是難遇的幸運(yùn),這兒有朵紅玫瑰,這樣好玫瑰,我生來(lái)從沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)。它這樣美紅定有很繁長(zhǎng)的拉丁名字”;說(shuō)著便俯身下去折了這花。Buthegirlfrowned.那女郎只皺著眉頭。"Iamafraiditwillnotgowithmydress,"sheanswered;"and,besides,theChamberlain’snephewhadsentmesomerealjewels,andeverybodyknowsthatjewelscostfarmorethanflowers."她答說(shuō),“我怕這花不能配上我的衣裳;而且大臣的侄子送我許多珠寶首飾,人人都知道珠寶比花草貴重?!?Well,uponmyword,youareveryungrateful,"saidtheStudentangrily;andhethrewtheroseontothestreet,whereitfellintothegutter,andacartwheelwentoverit.青年怒道,“我敢說(shuō)你是個(gè)無(wú)情義的人。”她便將玫瑰擲在街心,掉在車(chē)轍里,讓一個(gè)車(chē)輪軋過(guò)。"WhatasillythingLoveis!"saidtheStudentashewalkedaway."ItisnothalfasusefulasLogic,foritdoesnotproveanything,anditisalwaystellingoneofthingsthatarenotgoingtohappen,andmakingonebelievethingsthatarenottrue.Infact,itisquiteunpractical,and,asinthisagetobepracticaliseverything,IshallgobacktoPhilosophyandstudyMetaphysics."青年走著自語(yǔ)道,“愛(ài)好傻呀,遠(yuǎn)不如倫理學(xué)那般有實(shí)用,它所告訴我們的,無(wú)非是空中樓閣,實(shí)際上不會(huì)發(fā)生的,和縹緲的虛無(wú)不可信的事件。在現(xiàn)在的世界里存在,首要有實(shí)用的東西,我還是回到我的哲學(xué)和玄學(xué)書(shū)上去吧?!盨ohereturnedtohisroomandpulledoutagreatdustybook,andbegantoread.于是他回到房中取出一本笨重的,滿(mǎn)堆著塵土的大書(shū)埋頭細(xì)讀。
建筑家與翻譯家林徽因:《夜鶯與玫瑰》林徽因與梁思成:探索、挽救中國(guó)古建筑的伴侶ManyofChina’sancientarchitecturaltreasurescrumbledtodustbeforeLinHuiyinandLiangSichengbegandocumentingtheminthe1930s.InChina,ancientstructureswereusuallytreatedlikeanyotherbuildingsratherthanbeingprotectedandstudied,astheywereinmanyWesterncountries.ThehusbandandwifeteamwereamongthefirstpreservationiststooperateinChina,andbyfarthebestknown.Theireffortshavesinceinspiredgenerationsofpeopletospeakoutforarchitecturethreatenedbytherushtowarddevelopment.林徽因和梁思成在20世紀(jì)30年代開(kāi)始對(duì)中國(guó)古建筑進(jìn)行考察記錄之前,許多古代瑰寶已逐漸坍塌。在中國(guó),人們通常像對(duì)待其他建筑那樣對(duì)待古建筑,而不是像西方國(guó)家那樣對(duì)古建筑進(jìn)行保護(hù)研究。這對(duì)夫妻是中國(guó)最早的文物保護(hù)工作者中的兩位,也是最為知名的。他們的努力激勵(lì)了幾代人出來(lái)為受發(fā)展大潮威脅的建筑大聲疾呼。BecomingChina’spremierarchitecturalhistorianswasnoeasyfeat.Thebuildingstheywantedtosavewerecenturiesold,ofteninshamblesandlocatedindistantpartsofthecountry.Inmanycases,theyhadtojourneythroughtreacherousconditionsintheChinesecountrysidetoreachthem.成為中國(guó)最著名的建筑歷史學(xué)家不是一件容易的事情。他們想挽救的建筑已有好幾百年的歷史,這些建筑通常年久失修,而且散布在遙遠(yuǎn)的地方。許多時(shí)候,他們必須穿越中國(guó)農(nóng)村的險(xiǎn)惡環(huán)境,才能到達(dá)這些建筑的所在地。ExploringChina’soutlyingareasduringthe1930smeanttravelingmuddy,poorlymaintainedroadsbymule,rickshaworonfoot.ThiswasademandingundertakingbothforLiang,whowalkedwithabadlimpafteramotorcycleaccidentasayoungman,andLin,whohadtuberculosisforyears.Innswereoftensqualidandlice-infested,foodcouldbetainted,andtherewasalwaysriskofviolencefromrebels,soldiersandbandits.20世紀(jì)30年代在中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)離市鎮(zhèn)的地區(qū)考察意味著,要靠騾子、人力車(chē)或徒步在很糟糕的泥濘路上旅行。對(duì)于梁思成和林徽因兩人來(lái)說(shuō),這并非易事:梁思成年輕時(shí)的一場(chǎng)摩托車(chē)事故讓他后來(lái)走路一瘸一拐,而林徽因長(zhǎng)期患有肺結(jié)核。他們住的客棧通常很臟,到處是虱子,食物可能不干凈,而且總有遭受造反農(nóng)民、士兵和土匪暴力的危險(xiǎn)。Theirgreatestdiscoverycameonanexpeditionin1937whentheydatedandmeticulouslycataloguedFoguangSi,ortheTempleofBuddha’sLight,inWutaiCounty,ShanxiProvince.Thebreathtakingwoodentemplewasbuiltin857A.D.,makingittheoldestbuildingknowninChinaatthetime.(Itisnowthefourth-oldestknown).他們最大的收獲來(lái)自1937年的一次考察,他們?cè)谏轿魇∥迮_(tái)縣發(fā)現(xiàn)了佛光寺,考證了它的年代,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的測(cè)繪編錄。這座令人驚嘆的木制寺廟建于公元857年,是當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)已知的最古老的建筑。(現(xiàn)在,佛光寺是已知第四古老的中國(guó)建筑。)LiangandLincrawledintothetemple’smostforbidding,forgottenareastodetermineitsage,includingoneaerieinhabitedbythousandsofbatsandmillionsofbedbugs,coveredindustandlitteredwithdeadbats.Liangwroteoftheexperienceinanaccountincludedin“LiangandLin:PartnersinExploringChina’sArchitecturalPast,”theEnglish-languagestoryoftheirliveswrittenbyWilmaFairbank,theirclosefriendandcorrespondent.為了確定佛光寺的年代,梁思成和林徽因爬進(jìn)了寺里最令人生畏、被人遺忘的地方,包括鉆到寺的屋檐底下,那里住著成千上萬(wàn)只蝙蝠和數(shù)百萬(wàn)只臭蟲(chóng),到處都是塵土,充斥著死蝙蝠。梁思成在《梁思成與林徽因——一對(duì)探索中國(guó)建筑史的伴侶》(LiangandLin:PartnersinExploringChina’sArchitecturalPast)一書(shū)中記述了那段經(jīng)歷,該書(shū)是與他們通信的好友費(fèi)慰梅(WilmaFairbank)用英文寫(xiě)的他們的人生故事?!癐ncompletedarknessandamidthevileodor,hardlybreathing,withthickmaskscoveringournosesandmouths,wemeasured,drew,andphotographedwithflashlightsforseveralhours,”Liangwrote.“Whenatlastwecameoutfromundertheeavestotakeabreathoffreshair,wefoundhundredsofbedbugsinourknapsack.Weourselveshadbeenbadlybitten.Yettheimportanceandunexpectednessofourfindmadethosethehappiesthoursofmyyearshuntingforancientarchitecture.”“在完全的黑暗和難耐的穢氣中好幾個(gè)小時(shí)地測(cè)量、畫(huà)圖和用閃光燈拍照。當(dāng)我們終于從屋檐下鉆出來(lái)呼吸新鮮空氣的時(shí)候,發(fā)現(xiàn)在背包里爬滿(mǎn)了千百只臭蟲(chóng),我們自己也被咬得很厲害??墒俏覀兊陌l(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性和意外收獲,使得這些日子成為我多年來(lái)尋找古建筑中最快樂(lè)的時(shí)光。”ThoughLinandLiangworkedtosaveremnantsofancientChina,theirliveswereinextricablyentangledwithmodernChinesehistory.雖然林徽因和梁思成的工作是挽救中國(guó)的古代遺產(chǎn),但他們的人生卻與中國(guó)現(xiàn)代歷史不可分地聯(lián)系在一起。LiangwasborninTokyoonApril20,1901,wherehisfather,LiangQichao,aleadingChineseintellectualandreformist,wasstationed.LinwasborninHangzhou,China,onJune10,1904.Childrenofprominentfamilies,theybothlivedandstudiedabroadandgrewuptobeopen-mindedintellectualswhenmuchofChinesesocietywasconstrainedbystricttraditions.梁思成1901年4月20日出生在日本東京,他的父親梁?jiǎn)⒊幻艹龅闹R(shí)分子和改革派人士——當(dāng)時(shí)在那里生活。林徽因1904年6月10日出生在中國(guó)杭州。他們都來(lái)自于名門(mén)望族,都曾在國(guó)外生活和學(xué)習(xí),后來(lái)都成為思想開(kāi)放的知識(shí)分子,而在當(dāng)時(shí)的中國(guó)社會(huì),許多東西都受到嚴(yán)格傳統(tǒng)的束縛。Theirfamilieskneweachother,andtheyjourneyedtotheUnitedStatestogethertoattendtheUniversityofPennsylvaniain1924.Linwasenthusiasticaboutstudyingarchitecture,buttheuniversity’sarchitectureschoolwouldnotadmitherbecauseitwasconsideredimproperforyoungladiestoworklateintothenight,unsupervised,withyoungmen.Sowhentheygraduatedin1927Linearnedabacheloroffineartsdegree,havingtakenclassesinarchitecture,andLiangbecametheofficialarchitect,earningabachelor’sandlateramaster’sdegreeinthefield.Buttheyalwaysworkedtogether.他們兩家是世交,兩人于1924年一起前往美國(guó),在賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(UniversityofPennsylvania)讀書(shū)。林徽因?qū)ψx建筑學(xué)很感興趣,但賓大的建筑學(xué)院沒(méi)有接收她,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為,在無(wú)人監(jiān)督的情況下,讓年輕的女士與年輕的男子一起工作到深夜不合適。所以,他們1927年畢業(yè)時(shí),林徽因拿到的是美術(shù)學(xué)士學(xué)位,她也上過(guò)建筑學(xué)的課;梁思成則成為正式的建筑師,他先是獲得了建筑學(xué)士學(xué)位,后來(lái)又獲得了建筑碩士學(xué)位。但他們總是一起工作?!癐thinktheysaweachotheraspartners,notasbusinessbutaslifepartners,”NancyS.Steinhardt,aprofessorofEastAsianartattheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhohasstudiedthecouple’swork,saidinatelephoneinterview.“It’snotclearwhodidwhichpartsofdrawingsorarticlestheywrote;theywereateam.”“我認(rèn)為,他們把彼此視為伙伴,不是商業(yè)伙伴,而是人生伴侶,”賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)東亞藝術(shù)教授夏南希(NancyS.Steinhardt)在接受電話(huà)采訪時(shí)說(shuō),夏南希研究過(guò)他們的工作?!胺植磺逅麄兊睦L圖或文章中哪部分是誰(shuí)做的;他們是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)?!盇tfirstglancetheymadeanincongruouscouple.Linwasaglamorous,vivaciouspolymathwhowrotepoetry,fiction,criticismanddrama,andmadeherhomeintoakindofintellectualsalon.乍看上去,他們不像一對(duì)合適的夫妻。林徽因富有魅力,活潑且多才多藝,她寫(xiě)詩(shī)、寫(xiě)小說(shuō),還寫(xiě)評(píng)論和戲劇,她把家變成了一個(gè)知識(shí)沙龍。Liangwasahighlyfocusedarchitectandteacherwhocouldbetaciturn,butwarmedtopeopleonceheknewthem.Theirdifferencesprovedcomplementary,muchtothebenefitofChinesearchitecture.梁思成是一位高度專(zhuān)注的建筑師和教師,他可能沉默寡言,但一旦與人熟悉后,他會(huì)變得友好。事實(shí)證明,他們性格上的差異是一種互補(bǔ),也給中國(guó)的建筑學(xué)帶來(lái)了很大的好處。Linentertainedseveralsuitorsasayoungwoman,includingthepoetXuZhimo,butmarriedLianginCanadain1928,wheretheytraveledaftertheirgraduation.AfterseveralmonthsinEuropetheyreturnedtoChina,whereLiangandChinesecolleaguesfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundedthearchitecturedepartmentatNortheasternUniversityinShenyang,thecountry’ssecondarchitectureprogram.Hisacademicwritingsandlecturesfromthe1930swereeventuallyboundandreleasedas“AHistoryofChineseArchitecture,”arareefforttowriteacomprehensivebookaboutthesubject.林徽因年輕時(shí)曾受到幾個(gè)人的追求,其中包括詩(shī)人徐志摩,但她于1928年在加拿大與梁思成結(jié)了婚。在歐洲旅行了幾個(gè)月后,他們回到中國(guó),梁思成和幾名來(lái)自賓大的中國(guó)同事在沈陽(yáng)的東北大學(xué)創(chuàng)建了建筑系,這是國(guó)內(nèi)的第二個(gè)建筑系。他在20世紀(jì)30年代的學(xué)術(shù)手稿和講義最終被編輯成《中國(guó)建筑史》一書(shū),這是一本罕見(jiàn)的關(guān)于這個(gè)題材的綜合性著作。Duringtheearly1930s,aftermovingtoBeijing,theybeganregularexpeditionsintotheChinesecountrysidetoseekoutsomeoftheremainingancientwoodenstructures,survivingexamplesofthearchitectureMr.Liangdetailedinhisbook.20世紀(jì)30年代初搬到北京之后,他們開(kāi)始定期到中國(guó)農(nóng)村去尋找古代木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中尚存的一些實(shí)例,這些存留下來(lái)的建筑在梁思成的書(shū)中有詳盡的描述。TheirexplorationsendedwhenJapaneseforcesinvadedChinain1937.In1940theextendedLiangfamily,nowwithayoungdaughterandason,relocatedtoacottagetheybuiltinavillagenearKunminginsouthernChina.Lin’stuberculosisgotworse,andthestraitenedcircumstancesofwartimemadelifeallbutintolerable.日本軍隊(duì)1937年入侵中國(guó)后,他們的考察停了下來(lái)。1940年,他們把家搬到了中國(guó)南方城市昆明附近的一個(gè)村子,那時(shí)他們已有一兒一女,住在村里自己建的一個(gè)小屋里。林徽因的肺結(jié)核變得更嚴(yán)重了,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)讓他們過(guò)上了窮困潦倒、讓人難以忍受的生活。Duringthewartheyusedtheircopiousnotes,photographsanddrawingstocontinuewritingaboutarchitecture.WhenthewarendedLiangbecameavisitingprofessoratYaleandChina’srepresentativetothecommitteethatdesignedtheUnitedNationsbuildinginManhattanin1949.Lin,burdenedbycaringforherfamilyandbyillness,remainedinChina.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間,他們靠大量的筆記、照片和繪圖,繼續(xù)從事建筑方面的寫(xiě)作。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,梁思成前往耶魯大學(xué)(Yale)擔(dān)任客座教授,并成為1949年設(shè)計(jì)曼哈頓的聯(lián)合國(guó)大樓委員會(huì)中的中國(guó)代表。林徽因由于要照顧家人,又患病在身,留在了中國(guó)。AftertheCommunisttakeoverin1949,LiangandLin,archetypalbourgeoisintellectuals,becamefodderforCommuniststryingtodisplaypartyloyalty.Lindidnothavetoendurethemistreatmentforlong—herhealthworsened,andshediedoftuberculosisonApril1,1955,at51.1949年共產(chǎn)黨掌權(quán)之后,典型的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)知識(shí)分子梁思成和林徽因成了共產(chǎn)黨員努力展示對(duì)黨忠誠(chéng)的攻擊對(duì)象。林徽因的健康狀況進(jìn)一步惡化,沒(méi)能在惡虐的處境下堅(jiān)持多久。1955年4月1日,她因肺結(jié)核去世,享年51歲。ButLiang,whohadreturnedtoChinatocareforher,wasaccusedofbeingacounterrevolutionaryandenduredre-educationandpublicshamingfrompartyofficials.HewasalsopowerlesstostopthedemolitionoftheancientwallsandgatesthatsurroundedBeijing—hearguedfortheirpreservation,butMaoistforceswantedtoreinventthecityasanindustrialcenter.Still,hecontinuedtoworkandteachandeventuallyremarried.HediedonJan.9,1972,at70.梁思成因?yàn)橐疹櫫只找蚧貒?guó)后,反而被指控為反革命,他受過(guò)再教育,以及來(lái)自中共官員的公開(kāi)羞辱。他也無(wú)力阻止環(huán)繞北京的古城墻和城樓被拆除,他主張保護(hù)城墻,但毛澤東想把這座城市改造成一個(gè)工業(yè)中心。盡管如此,梁思成還是繼續(xù)工作和教書(shū),并最終再婚。他于1972年1月9日去世,享年70歲。TheworkofLiangandLinlivedon,withthehelpofFairbankandLiang’ssecondwife,LinZhu.DecadesafterLiang’sdeath,theytrackeddownhislostdrawingsandphotographs.Fairbankcombinedthemwithhiswrittenworktocreate“APictorialHistoryofChineseArchitecture,”whichwaspublishedin1984.Itisanin-depthlookatChinesearchitecture,documentingmanybuildingsthatnolongerstand.在費(fèi)慰梅和梁思成的第二任妻子林洙的幫助下,梁思成和林徽因的工作得以繼續(xù)。梁思成去世幾十年后,費(fèi)慰梅和林洙把他丟失的繪圖和照片找了回來(lái)。費(fèi)慰梅把這些圖片與他的文字結(jié)合起來(lái),于1984年出版了《圖像中國(guó)建筑史》(“APictorialHistoryofChineseArchitecture”)一書(shū)(中譯本出版于2011年——譯注)。這本書(shū)對(duì)中國(guó)建筑做了深入的研究,記錄了許多已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在的建筑。LinandLianghavealsobecomefolkheroesinChina,theirlivesrecountedinnovels,filmsandadocumentaryseries.林徽因和梁思成也成為了中國(guó)的民間英雄,人們用小說(shuō)、電影和一個(gè)系列記錄片講述他們的生活。Lin’sniece,thearchitectandartistMayaLin,whoisknownformakingtheVietnamVeteransMemorialinWashington,toldSmithsonianMagazinein2017that“mostpeopleinChinaknowmoreaboutLiangandLin’spersonalitiesandlovelivesthantheirwork."以設(shè)計(jì)華盛頓越戰(zhàn)紀(jì)念碑聞名的建筑師和藝術(shù)家林瓔(MayaLin)是林徽因的侄女,她在2017年告訴《史密森尼》雜志(SmithsonianMagazine):“比起梁思成和林徽因的工作,大多數(shù)中國(guó)人對(duì)他們的個(gè)性和愛(ài)情經(jīng)歷了解得更多?!?Butfromanarchitecturalpointofview,theyarehugelyimportant,"shecontinued."Ifitweren’tforthem,wewouldhavenorecordofsomanyancientChinesestyles,whichsimplydisappeared.”“但從建筑的角度來(lái)看,他們非常重要,”她繼續(xù)說(shuō)道?!叭绻皇撬麄兊脑?huà),我們就不會(huì)擁有這么多中國(guó)古代建筑樣式的記錄,它們就不復(fù)存在了?!盉utdevelopersinBeijingwerelessconcernedwithpreservingtheirlegacythanwithprogress.In2012,undercoverofnightandtothedismayofpreservationists,theydemolishedthehousewhereLiangandLinhadlivedduringthe1930s.但北京的開(kāi)發(fā)商們更關(guān)心施工項(xiàng)目,而不是他們遺留下來(lái)的東西。2012年,開(kāi)發(fā)商在夜幕的掩護(hù)下,拆除了梁思成和林徽因20世紀(jì)30年代在北京住過(guò)的房子,讓保護(hù)主義者大為失望。來(lái)源:紐約時(shí)報(bào)一、翻譯家林徽因林徽因不僅著名建筑學(xué)家、詩(shī)人、作家,還是一位小有成就的翻譯家。她19歲的時(shí)候,翻譯過(guò)英國(guó)作家?jiàn)W斯卡·王爾德(OscarWilde)的《夜鶯與玫瑰》,以“尺棰”的筆名發(fā)表在1923年12月1日的《晨報(bào)五周年紀(jì)念增刊》上。她22歲時(shí)翻譯出版的30萬(wàn)字的美國(guó)作家房龍所著《古代的人》曾風(fēng)會(huì)一時(shí).《夜鶯與玫瑰》是奧斯卡·王爾德(OscarWilde)筆下的一個(gè)凄美虐心的愛(ài)情童話(huà),故事里有一只小鳥(niǎo),它比我們?nèi)魏稳硕家嘈艕?ài)情,它勇敢、無(wú)懼,為了得到一朵象征愛(ài)情的紅玫瑰而流盡了生命的血液。圖片二、林徽因譯著THENIGHTINGALEANDTHEROSE夜鶯與玫瑰(節(jié)選)王爾德著林徽因譯"ShesaidthatshewoulddancewithmeifIbroughtherredroses,"criedtheyoungStudent,"butinallmygardenthereisnoredrose."“她說(shuō)我若為她采得紅玫瑰,便與我跳舞。”青年學(xué)生哭著說(shuō),“但我全園里何曾有一朵紅玫瑰?”FromhernestintheoaktreetheNightingaleheardhim,andshelookedoutthroughtheleavesandwondered.夜鶯在橡樹(shù)上巢中聽(tīng)見(jiàn),從葉叢里望外看,心中詫異。"Noredroseinallmygarden!"hecried,andhisbeautifuleyesfilledwithtears."Ah,onwhatlittlethingsdoeshappinessdepend!Ihavereadallthatthewisemenhavewritten,andallthesecretsofphilosophyaremine,yetforwantofaredroseismylifemadewretched."青年哭道,“我園中并沒(méi)有紅玫瑰!”他秀眼里滿(mǎn)含著淚珠?!把?!幸福倒靠著這些區(qū)區(qū)小東西!古圣賢書(shū)我已讀完,哲學(xué)的玄秘我已徹悟,然而因?yàn)榍笠欢浼t玫瑰不得,我的生活便這樣難堪?!?Hereatlastisatruelover,"saidtheNightingale."NightafternighthaveIsungofhim,thoughIknewhimnot:nightafternighthaveItoldhisstorytothestarsandnowIseehim.Hishairisdarkasthehyacinth--blossom,andhislipsareredastheroseofhisdesire;butpassionhasmadehisfacelikepaleivory,andsorrowhassethersealuponhisbrow."夜鶯嘆道,“真情人竟在這里。以前我雖不曾認(rèn)識(shí),我卻夜夜的歌唱他:我夜夜將他的一樁樁事告訴星辰,如今我見(jiàn)著他了。他的頭發(fā)黑如風(fēng)信子花,嘴唇紅比他所切盼的玫瑰,但是摯情已使他臉色憔悴,煩惱已在他眉端引著痕跡?!?Here,indeed,isthetruelover,"saidtheNightingale."WhatIsingof,hesuffers:whatisjoytome,tohimispain.Surelyloveisawonderfulthing.Itismorepreciousthanemeralds,anddearerthanfineopals.Pearlsandpomegranatescannotbuyit,norisitsetforthinthemarket-place.Itmaynotbepurchasedofthemerchants,norcanitbeweighedoutinthebalanceforgold."“這真是個(gè)真情人。”夜鶯又說(shuō)著,“我所歌唱,是他嘗受的苦楚:在我是樂(lè)的,在他卻是悲痛。‘愛(ài)’果然是件非常的東西。比翡翠還珍重,比瑪瑙更寶貴。珍珠,榴石買(mǎi)不得他,黃金亦不能作他的代價(jià),因?yàn)樗皇窃谑猩铣鲑u(mài),也不是商人販賣(mài)的東西?!?Themusicianswillsitintheirgallery,"saidtheyoungStudent,"andplayupontheirstringedinstruments,andmylovewilldancetothesoundoftheharpandtheviolin.Shewilldancesolightlythatherfeetwillnottouchthefloor,andthecourtiersintheirgaydresseswillthrongroundher.Butwithmeshewillnotdance,forIhavenoredrosetogiveher:"andheflunghimselfdownonthegrass,andburiedhisfaceinhishands,andwept.青年說(shuō):“樂(lè)師們將在樂(lè)壇上彈弄絲竹,我那愛(ài)人也將按著弦琴的音節(jié)舞蹈。她舞得那么翩翩,蓮步都不著地,華服的少年們就會(huì)艷羨的圍著她。但她不同我跳舞,因我沒(méi)有為她采到紅玫瑰?!庇谑撬P倒在草里,兩手掩著臉哭泣。"Ifyouwantaredrose,"saidtheTree,"youmustbuilditoutofmusicbymoonlight,andstainitwithyourownheart’sblood.Youmustsingtomewithyourbreastagainstathorn.Allnightlongyoumustsingtome,andthethornmustpierceyourheart,andyourlife-bloodmustflowintomeveins,andbecomemine."那樹(shù)說(shuō)道,“你若要一朵紅玫瑰,你需在月色里用音樂(lè)制成,然后用你自己的心血染她。你需將胸口頂著一根尖刺,為我歌唱。你需整夜的為我歌唱,那刺需刺入你的心頭,你生命的血液得流到我的心房里變成我的?!?Deathisagreatpricetopayforaredrose,"criedtheNightingale,"andLifeisverydeartoall.Itispleasanttositinthegreenwood,andtowatchtheSuninhischariotofgold,andtheMooninherchariotofpearl.Sweetisthescentofthehawthorn,andsweetarethebluebellsthathideinthevalley,andtheheatherthatblowsonthehill.YetloveisbetterthanLife,andwhatistheheartofabirdcomparedtotheheartofaman?"夜鶯嘆道,“拿死來(lái)買(mǎi)一朵紅玫瑰,代價(jià)真不小,誰(shuí)的生命不是寶貴的,坐在青郁的森林里,看太陽(yáng)在黃金車(chē)?yán)?,月亮在白珠輦?nèi)馳騁,真是一樁樂(lè)事。山楂花的味兒真香,山谷里的吊鐘花和山坡上野草真美。然而‘愛(ài)’比生命更可貴,一個(gè)鳥(niǎo)的心又怎能和人的心比?”"Behappy,"criedtheNightingale,"behappy;youshallhaveyourredrose.Iwillbuilditoutofmusicbymoonlight,andstainitwithmyownheart’sblood.AllthatIaskofyouinreturnisthatyouwillbeatruelover,forLoveiswiserthanPhilosophy,thoughheiswise,andmightierthanPower,thoughheismighty.Flame-colouredarehiswings,andcolouredlike
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