《國際結(jié)算第六講》

Itisanunconditionalpromiseinwritingmadebyonepersontoanother,signedbythemaker,engagingtopay,ondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,asumcertaininmoney,to,ortotheorderof,aspecifiedpersonortobearer.DefinitionofthePromissoryNote:11/1/20231整理ppt

PROMISSORYNOTES

Promissorynoteis:awrittenpromisetopayadeterminatesumofmoneymadebetweentwoparties.Maker:Theissuerofapromissorynote.Payee:Thepersontowhomthenoteistobepaid.

11/1/20232整理pptEssentialstoPromissoryNote11/1/20233整理pptPromissoryNoteNov.2,2004

$10,000NewYork,NewYork

Ninetydaysaftertheabovedate

forvaluereceived,theunder-signedjointlyandseverallypromise(s)topaytotheorderof:BANKOFTHERIVER,at100HudsonAve.,NewYork,NewYork02167

TenThousandandoo/100

DOLLARSWithinterestfromthedateaboveattherateof-11-percentperannum(computedonthebasisofactualdaysandayearof360days)payableatmaturityOfficer:JonesNo:990-11-9999

____________________

PROMISSORYNOTES

11/1/20234整理pptDifferenceBetweenaPromissoryNoteandaBillofExchange:1.Itisapaymentpromise,notapaymentorder.2.Thereareonlytwopartiestoapromissorynote,themakerandthepayee.3.Themakerisprimarilyliableonthepromissorynote.4.Whenissued,ithasanoriginalnoteonly.5.Thereisnoacceptancerequirement.

PROMISSORYNOTES

11/1/20235整理pptMajorformsofPromissoryNote(1)Accordingthemaker,promissorynotecanbeclassifiedasTradePromissoryNoteandBankPromissoryNote.TradePromissoryNoteisissuedbyabusiness.BankPromissoryNoteisissuedbyabank.Tradepromissorynoteisbetterthanbankpromissorynoteincredit.(2)Accordingtothetenor,promissorynotecanbeclassifiedassightpromissorynoteandtimepromissorynote.sightpromissorynoteispayableatsightorondemandTimepromissorynoteispayableatafixedfuturedateoradeterminablefuturedate.11/1/20236整理pptMajorformsofPromissoryNote(3)InternationalMoneyOrder(國際匯票〕AlsobecalledOverseasMoneyOrder(MO)OverseasMoneyOrderisissuedbyclearingbanksinNewYorkforpayee’sconveniencewhenheistravelingoutsidetheU.S.OverseasMoneyOrderisusuallydenominatedinUSdollarswiththemaximumamountnotexceedingUSD2,500.OverseasMoneyOrdercanalsobeusedtosettlepaymentsininternationaltradewhentheamountissmall.USBankMOHolderTravelinGBGBBankMO11/1/20237整理ppt(4)Traveler’scheck

Thesechecksarefrequentlyusedbypersonsjourneyinginthiscountryandabroad.Definition:Atraveler’scheckisaspeciallyprintedformofcheckissuedbyafinancialinstitution,leadinghotels,andotheragenciesinpreprinteddenominationsforafixedamounttoacustomerforusewhenheisgoingtotravelabroad.11/1/20238整理pptToguardagainstfraud(欺詐〕,thecustomerisgenerallyrequiredtowriteinhisnameoneachtravellers’chequeinthepresenceoftheissuingbankandtocountersigneachinstrumentinthepresenceofthecorrespondent.Thetwosignaturesarethencompared.Travellers’checkshavebeenheldbycourtsintheUnitedStatestobenegotiable,buttheredoesnotappeartobereportedEnglishdecisionuponthissubject.11/1/20239整理pptCheckAnconditionalorderinwritingaddressedbythecustomertoabanksignedbythatcustomerauthorizingthebanktopayondemandasumcertaininmoneytoortotheorderofaspecifiedpersonorbearer.Insimplewords,acheckcanalsobedefinedasabillofexchangedrawnonabankerondemand.11/1/202310整理pptCheckChecks:draweeholdsmoneyonaccountfordrawer.

Draweeisabank.Checksarealwayspayableondemand.11/1/202311整理pptThreepartiesincheck(1)TheDrawerPersonwhowritesthecheck.Drawershouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:Shouldbethebank’scustomerandmaintainanaccountwiththebankTomakesurethatthereisenoughbalanceinhisaccounttocoverthecheckamount.Otherwise,thecheckwillbebounced(退票〕.(2)TheDraweeThedraweeisthebankeronwhomthecheckisdrawnandtowhomtheordertopayisgiven.Thedraweeisthebankwithwhichthedrawermaintainsanaccount.(3)ThePayeeThepayeeisthepersontowhomacheckisexpressedtobepayable.11/1/202312整理pptEssentialsToaCheck(1)TheWord“Cheque〞Theword“cheque〞shouldbeclearlyindicatedinordertodistinguishitfromothertypesofinstrumentslikethebillsofexchangeandthepromissorynotes.(2)UnconditionalPaymentcannotbemadeoncertainconditionstobemetbythepayee.(3)WritingItmustbeinwrittenform.(4)SignedAchequemustbesignedbythedrawer,fromwhoseaccountthemoneyispaidout.11/1/202313整理pptClassificationofaCheckAccordingtodifferentcriteria,checkscanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypes:DemonstrativeorderRestrictiveorderBearerorderBanker’schequePersonalcheck/Trader’scheckOpenCheckCrossedCheckCertifiedchequesDividedbyOrderbyDrawerbyCrossedornot11/1/202314整理pptClassificationofaCheck(1)AccordingtoOrder1.DemonstrativeorderWhenacheckispayabletoanamedpersonorhisorder,itisademonstrativeordercheckandcanbetransferredbyendorsementanddelivery.2.RestrictiveorderArestrictiveordercheckisonethatispayabletoanamedpersononly.Itisnon-negotiable.3.BearerorderAbearerordercheckisonethatispayabletothebearer.Itistransferablebymeredelivery.However,itshouldbenotedthatchequesarenotdesignedtobenegotiated,therulesonnegotiationhavelittlesignificanceoncheques.11/1/202315整理pptClassificationofaCheck(2)AccordingtoDrawer1.Banker’schequeAbanker’scheckmeansthatthedrawerisabank.Itisacheckdrawnbyonebankonanotherbank.Andthedrawerbecomesthecustomerofthedraweebanker.2.Personalcheck/Trader’scheckWhenthedrawerisanindividualoracompany,itisapersonalcheck/trader’scheck.11/1/202316整理pptClassificationofaCheck(3)AccordingtoWhetherornottheChequeisCrossedThisisthemostimportantclassificationofcheque,whichdemandsourfullattention.(A)Uncrossedcheque/OpenchequeAnuncrossedoropenchequereferstotheonewhichiswrittenon“plain〞blankform,implyingthatthechequecanbeexchangedforcashoverthecounterwhenthepayee/holderpresentsthechequeforpaymenttothedraweebank.(B)CrossedchequeAcrossedchequereferstotwoparallellinesdrawnonthefaceofthecheque,andusuallythisisdoneonthetopleftcornerofthecheque.Itimpliesthatthechequeamountshouldbepaidintoabankaccountandcannotbeexchangedforcashoverthecounter.Thepurposeofcrossingachequeistoensuretherightholdertoobtainthepayment.11/1/202317整理pptThedrawerdrawsachequeanddeliversittopayee.Theproceduretoclearacrossedchequeisshownasfollows:DrawerDrawee(PayingBank)CollectingBankPayee

Thepayeedepositsthechequetothecollectingbankandasksthelattertocollectpaymentsforhim.Afterscrutiny,thecollectingbankforwardsthechequetothedraweebankonbehalfofthepayee.Thepayingbanktransfersthefundstothecollectingbank.Afterscrutiny,thedraweedebitstheamountfromthedrawer’saccountwithhim.thecollectingbankcreditstheamounttothepayee’saccount.11/1/202318整理pptClassificationofaCheck(4)CertifiedchequesCertifiedchequesensurethattheinstrumentwillbehonoredbythebank.

TreatedlikeacceptedbillofexchangeITfirmITfirmITfirmITfirmFirm11/1/202319整理pptTherearemanypointsofsimilaritybetweenbillsandcheques.Thisisunderstandable,becauseachequeisaparticulartypeofbill.However,thefollowingpointsofdifferencemaybenoted.DifferencesbetweenCheckandDraft11/1/202320整理ppt1.Abillmaybedrawnuponanyperson,whereasachequemustbedrawnuponabanker.2.Abillmaybepayableondemandoratafixedordeterminablefuturetime,whereasachequeusuallybepayableondemand.DifferencesbetweenCheckandDraft11/1/202321整理ppt3.Unlessabillispayableondemand,itisusuallyaccepted,whereupontheacceptoristhepartyprimarilyliabletotheholder.Achequeisnotusuallyaccepted,andthedraweristhepartyprimarilyliable.DifferencesbetweenCheckandDraft11/1/202322整理ppt4.Thereisnoprovisionwhichenablebillstobecrossed,whereaschequesmaybecrossed.法規(guī)要求的保障DifferencesbetweenCheckandDraft5.Draftisasetoftwo,whereascheckissola.

6.ThereisnoDrawnClauseonthecheck.11/1/202323整理pptPaymentMethods(1)--Remittance3

Chapter11/1/202324整理pptWhatisPaymentMethods(支付方式〕?Paymentmethodswillcombinepaymenttools(cashandinstrument)withvarioustradeterms(Incoterms)ordifferentcommercialdocuments.Paymentmethodstellushowtofinishpaymentwithinstruments.Majorpaymentmethodsareremittance〔匯付〕,collection〔托收〕,letterofcredit〔信用證〕,factoringandletterofguarantee〔福費(fèi)庭和保函〕.Differentpaymentmethodsrepresentdifferentrisksorcredittothetradersbecausetheycanmakethetimeofpaymenteitherbefore,afteroratthesametimeasthetimeofdelivery.11/1/202325整理pptOpenAccountBankCollectionTimeDraftBankCollectionSightDraftIrrevocableLetterofCreditConfirmedIrrevocableLetterofCreditCashinAdvanceHighest RiskandcosttoExporterLeastLeast

RiskandcosttoImporter

Highest11/1/202326整理pptClassificationofpaymentmethods1.accordingtopaymenttools

CashsettlementNon-cashsettlement2.accordingtocreditstanding

TradecreditBankcreditRemittanceCollection

LetterofcreditFactoringLetterofguarantee

3.accordingtothedirectionofthemovementoftheinstrumentinrelationtothatofthefundsflowRemittanceReverseRemittance11/1/202327整理pptDebtor/ImporterDebtor’sBankCreditor’sBankCreditor/exporter

SalesContractCapitalflowInstrumentDebtor/ImporterDebtor’sBankCreditor’sBankCreditor/exporter

SalesContractCapitalflowInstrument11/1/202328整理pptRemittanceDefinitionofRemittanceRemittancereferstoabank(theremittingbank),attherequestofitscustomer(theremitter),transfersacertainsumofmoneytoitsoverseasbranchorcorrespondentbank(thepayingbank)instructingittopaytoanamedperson(thepayee/beneficiary)domiciledinthatcountry.Remittanceisusedforthesettlementofbothcommercialandnon-commercialsettlements.Remittanceisanimportantpaymentmethodininternationalbankingbusiness.11/1/202329整理pptRemittancePartiesinRemittance1、Remitter(匯款人）2、RemittingBank（匯出行）3、PayingBank（匯入行或解付行）4、PayeeorBeneficiary（收款人）11/1/202330整理pptRemittancePartiesinRemittance1)Remitter(匯款人〕Thepartywhowillmakethepayment.Personwhorequireshisbanktoremitfundstothebeneficiaryinaforeigncountry.buyerandimporter2)RemittingBank(匯出行〕Thebankwhoremitsthefundsattherequestofaremittertothepayingbankandinstructsthelattertopayacertainofmoneytoabeneficiary.Importer’sbank11/1/202331整理pptRemittancePartiesinRemittance3)payingbank/ReceivingBank(解付行〕Apayingbankisthebankentrustedtobytheremittingbanktopayacertainsumofmoneytoabeneficiary.Thepayingbankusuallylocatesinthesamecityasthatoftheexporterandisoftentheexporter’sbankininternationaltrade.4)Payee/BeneficiaryIsthepersonwhoisaddressedtoreceivethefundsbyremittance.Istheexporterininternationaltrade.11/1/202332整理pptTypesofremittanceandprocedureAccordingtodifferentwaystogivepaymentinstruction,remittancecanbeclassifiedas:1)remittancebymail(M/T)信匯2)remittancebytelegraphictransfer(T/T)電匯3)remittancebybanker’sdemanddraft(D/D)票匯11/1/202333整理pptRemittancebyAirmail(M/T)〔1〕DefinitionofRemittancebyAirmail(M/T)Theremittingbank,attherequestoftheremitter,transfersthefundsbymeansofsending/postingapaymentinstructiontothepayingbank,askingthelattertopayacertainsumofmoneytothepayee.M/Tmakesuseofpostservicetotransferthepaymentinstructions.Apaymentinstructionisanauthenticatedorderinwritingaddressedbytheremittingbanktothepayingbank.InM/T,thepaymentinstructioncantaketheformofMailTransferAdviceorMailTransferPaymentOrderorDebitAdvice.11/1/202334整理pptRemittancebyAirmail(M/T)〔2〕ProcedureofRemittancebyAirmail(M/T)RemitterRemittingBankPayingBankPayee

Funds

11/1/202335整理pptRemittancebytelegraphictransfer(T/T)Remittancebycable/telex/SWIFTiscalledtelegraphictransfer(T/T).Theremittingbank,attherequestoftheremitter,transfersfundsbymeansofcable/telex/SWIFTmessagetothepayingbank,askingthelattertopayacertainsumofmoneytothebeneficiary.11/1/202336整理pptTelegraphictransfer(T/T)Theremittergiveshissignedwrittenapplicationtohisbank,instructingtotransferthefundsthroughT/T.RemitterRemittingBankPayingBankPayee

Funds

11/1/202337整理pptRemittancebyBanker’sDemandDraftTheremittingbank,attherequestoftheremitter,drawsabillofexchangeonthepayingbankorderingthelattertopayondemandacertainsumofmoneytothebeneficiarywhowillalsobethepayeeofthedraft.11/1/202338整理pptRemittancebyBanker’sDemandDraft

TheremittergiveshissignedwrittenapplicationtohisbankinstructingthebanktotransferthefundsbyD/D.RemitterRemittingBankPayingBankPayee

Theremittingbankwillchecktheremitter’saccountwithhim.ifitispositive,theremittingbankwilldebittheaccountanddrawadraftonthepayingbankpayabletothebeneficiary.

Theremitterwillsendthedrafttothebeneficiary.Theremittingbankwillkeepthepayingbankawareoftheremittanceviainter-banksystem.Uponreceiptofthedraft,thebeneficiarywillpresentthedraftforpaymenttothepayingbank.Afterauthenticationofthedraftagainstauthorizedsignature,thepayingbankwillreleasethefundstothebeneficiary.Thepayingbankwillclaimreimbursementagainsttheremittingbank.11/1/202339整理pptComparisonoftheM/T,T/TandD/DAcustomercanrequesthisbankertotransmitthefundsbyanymethod.Thesemethodsaredifferentwitheachother.11/1/202340整理pptPracticeofRemittance

〔國際銀行匯兌實(shí)務(wù)〕ReimbursementofRemittanceCover〔匯款的償付〕Reimbursementmethods1)creditingvostroaccountofthepayingbankIfthepayingbankopensacurrentaccountwiththeremittingbank,thereimbursementinstructionsshouldbewrittenas:“incover,wehavecreditedthesumtoyouraccountwithus.〞RemittingBankPayingBank11/1/202341整理ppt2)Debitingremittingbank’snostroaccountIfthepayingbankmaintainstheremittingbank’saccount,thereimbursementmaybeinstructedas:“Pleasedebitthesumtoouraccountwithyou〞“Youareauthorizedtodebitthesumtoouraccountwithyou〞Aftereffectingpayment,thepayingbankdebitsthesumtotheaccountoftheremittingbankwiththem.RemittingBankPayingBank11/1/202342整理ppt3)instructingareimbursebanktoeffectpaymentbydebitingthebank’snostroaccountIftheremittingbankdoesnotopenanaccountwiththepayingbank,theformermayinstructitscorrespondentwithwhichitmaintainsanaccount,todebitthisaccountwiththatcorrespondent,too,ortopaytheamounttoanotherbankwiththepayingbankmaintainsanaccount.Thereimbursementclauseisthuswritten:“Incover,wehaveauthorizedTheBankofTokyo,NewYorktodebitouraccountandcredityouraccountwiththeabovesum.〞Incover,wehaveinstructedTheBankofTokyo,NewYorktopaytheproceedstoyouraccountwithTheStandardCharteredBank,NewYork.〞RemittingBankAPayingBankBCorrespondentC11/1/202343整理ppt4)Instructingthepayingbankt