英語教學(xué)綜合專碩考研王薔《英語教學(xué)法教程》考研真題集

英語教學(xué)綜合專碩考研王薔《英語教學(xué)法教程》考研真題集一、語言和語言學(xué)習(xí)Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.1.Accordingtothe_____theoryrepresentedbyVygotsky,learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.（山東師范大學(xué)2018研）【答案】socio-constructivist@~！【解析】本題考查的是社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論的觀點(diǎn)。以維果茨基為代表的社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的最佳途徑是師生之間以及學(xué)生之間的活躍互動(dòng)。2.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasa_____systembutalsoameansfordoingthings.（安徽師范大學(xué)2015研）【答案】linguistic@~！【解析】本題考查的是功能主義語言理論。該種語言理論不僅將語言視作語言系統(tǒng)，還將它看作一種方法。3.Thereareatleastthreetheoreticalviewsoflanguageandthenatureoflanguageproficiency.Thefirstis______,thesecondis______andthethirdis______.（天津師范大學(xué)2012研）【答案】structuralview，functionalview，interactionalview@~！【解析】本題考查的是語言理論。語言理論有三種，分別是結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言理論、功能主義結(jié)構(gòu)理論和交互式語言理論。4.Theconstructivisttheorybelievesthat_____isaprocessinwhichlearnersconstructmeaningbasedontheirownexperiencesandwhattheyalreadyknow.（山東師范大學(xué)2017研）【答案】learning@~！【解析】本題考查的是建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的觀點(diǎn)。建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為：學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)者依據(jù)已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)和已有知識(shí)建構(gòu)意義的過程。5._____theoriesemphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,thekindofinputlearnersreceive,andtheatmosphere.【答案】Condition-oriented@~！【解析】以（學(xué)習(xí)）條件為導(dǎo)向的理論注重人的本質(zhì)和語言學(xué)習(xí)的物理環(huán)境，如學(xué)生的人數(shù)，學(xué)習(xí)者接收的語言輸入類型，以及學(xué)習(xí)氣氛。6.The_____theoryoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehaviouralpsychologistSkinner.【答案】behaviourist@~！【解析】語言學(xué)習(xí)的行為主義理論是由行為主義心理學(xué)家斯金納提出的。7.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformof_____.【答案】behaviour@~！【解析】斯金納認(rèn)為，語言也是一種行為。8.Theterm_____isoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhichstudentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.【答案】cognitivism@~！【解析】認(rèn)知主義常用于描述那些需要學(xué)生思考而不只是重復(fù)的教學(xué)方法。9.AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehaviour,itisanintricate_____systemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.【答案】rule-based@~！【解析】喬姆斯基認(rèn)為，語言并不是一種行為，而是一套精密的以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)，語言習(xí)得主要是學(xué)習(xí)這一系統(tǒng)。10.The_____theorybelievesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhathe/shealreadyknows.【答案】constructivist@~！【解析】建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為，語言學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)者基于自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)建構(gòu)意義的過程。11._____theoryemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontext.【答案】Socio-constructivist@~！【解析】社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論注重學(xué)習(xí)者在社會(huì)環(huán)境中使用目的語進(jìn)行互動(dòng)（的能力）。12.Themostimportantandmostdifficultpartofthemakingofagoodlanguageteacheristhedevelopmentof_____.【答案】professionalcompetence@~！【解析】成為一位優(yōu)秀的語言教師最重要也是最難的是職業(yè)能力的發(fā)展。13.Wallaceusesa_____todemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessionalcompetence.【答案】‘reflectivemodel’@~！【解析】華萊士采用一個(gè)“反思模型”來解釋（教師）職業(yè)技能的發(fā)展。14.Inlanguageteaching,methodologyisthestudyofthepracticesandproceduresusedinteaching,andthe_____and_____thatunderliethem.【答案】principles，beliefs@~！【解析】語言教學(xué)的方法論是指對(duì)語言教學(xué)實(shí)踐和步驟，及其背后的原則和觀念的研究。15.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasa_____systembutalsoa_____fordoingthings.【答案】linguistic，means/tool@~！【解析】功能主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言不僅僅是一套語言系統(tǒng)，還是一套做事的工具。16.Thewaylanguageteachersteachintheclassroomistosomeextentinfluencedbythewaythey_____languages.【答案】learned@~！【解析】語言教師學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式從某種程度上影響他們的課堂教學(xué)方式。17.Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferent_____.【答案】teachingmethodologies@~！【解析】對(duì)語言的不同觀點(diǎn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的教學(xué)方法。18.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeeninfluencedbythreedifferentviewsoflanguage:the_____view,the_____viewandthe_____view.【答案】structural，functional，interactional@~！【解析】上世紀(jì)的語言教學(xué)和語言學(xué)習(xí)受三種語言觀的影響：結(jié)構(gòu)主義，功能主義，交互主義。19._____theoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganisesnewinformationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistestingandgeneralization.【答案】Process-oriented@~！【解析】以（認(rèn)知）過程為導(dǎo)向的理論力圖解釋大腦怎樣組織新信息，如習(xí)慣的形成，歸納，推斷，假設(shè)的驗(yàn)證，以及概括。Ⅱ.MultipleChoice1._____emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontext.（江蘇大學(xué)2018研）A.BehaviouristtheoryB.CognitivetheoryC.CognitiveconstructivismD.Socialconstructivism【答案】D@~！【解析】本題考查的是有關(guān)語言學(xué)習(xí)理論的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。其中社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論強(qiáng)調(diào)在社會(huì)情境中與目標(biāo)語言的互動(dòng)，因此正確答案為D。2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTbasedonthedefinitionoflanguage?A.Syllabusdesign.B.Teachingstyle.C.Teachingmethodology.D.Assessmentproceduresintheclassroom.【答案】B@~！【解析】語言的定義是教學(xué)大綱設(shè)計(jì)（syllabusdesign）、教學(xué)方法（teachingmethodology）、課堂教學(xué)和測評(píng)程序（teachingandassessmentproceduresintheclassroom）的基礎(chǔ)。教師的教學(xué)風(fēng)格雖與教師對(duì)語言的理解有關(guān)，但不是以語言的定義為基礎(chǔ)的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutaudio-lingualmethod?A.Itisnotusedintheworldtoday.B.Languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.C.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected.D.Correctutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.【答案】A@~！【解析】聽說法是語言教學(xué)法的一種。它認(rèn)為語言是通過不斷的重復(fù)和教師的加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的。在聽說法教學(xué)中，教師會(huì)立即指出學(xué)生的語言錯(cuò)誤，立即表揚(yáng)學(xué)生的正確言語。聽說法仍然在世界的許多地方被采用。因此，本題的正確答案為A。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthequalityofagoodlanguageteacher?A.Ethicdevotion.B.Desirablepersonalstyles.C.Goodeducationalbackground.D.Necessaryprofessionalqualities.【答案】C@~！【解析】一位優(yōu)秀的語言教師具有三個(gè)方面的素養(yǎng)：良好的職業(yè)道德，優(yōu)秀的個(gè)性，以及必備的職業(yè)技能。其中，職業(yè)技能的發(fā)展對(duì)于一位優(yōu)秀的語言教師是最重要也是最難的。因此，本題的正確答案為C。5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouthowpeoplelearnaforeignlanguage?A.Peoplestartedlearningaforeignlanguageatdifferentages.B.Peoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasons.C.Peoplelearnlanguagesinthesameway.D.Leaningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught.【答案】C@~！【解析】調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們開始學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的年齡是不同的，人們學(xué)習(xí)外語的原因也是不同的，而且人們學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式也不同。同時(shí)，語言的學(xué)習(xí)受語言教學(xué)方式的影響。因此，本題的正確答案為C。Ⅲ.TrueorFalse1.Theanswerto“Whatislanguage”isthebasisofsyllabusdesign,teachingmethodology,teachingandassessmentproceduresintheclassroom.（江蘇大學(xué)2018研）【答案】T@~！【解析】本題考查的是語言觀點(diǎn)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。語言是教學(xué)大綱設(shè)計(jì)，教學(xué)法以及課堂教學(xué)與評(píng)估步驟的基礎(chǔ)。因此該表述正確。2.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingAudiolingualismisbehaviorism.（天津師范大學(xué)2011研）【答案】T@~！【解析】本題考查的是聽說語言學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。聽說法是行為主義學(xué)習(xí)理論得到的有影響的結(jié)果，也為聽說語言學(xué)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。因此該表述正確。3.JohnDeweybelievedthatteachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhatlearnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities.【答案】T@~！【解析】約翰·杜威認(rèn)為，教學(xué)應(yīng)該基于學(xué)習(xí)者已有的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，讓學(xué)習(xí)者參與到學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中。4.Whethersomeonecanbecomeagoodforeignlanguageteacherdoesnotsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.【答案】T@~！【解析】一個(gè)人能否成為優(yōu)秀的外語教師不僅僅取決于他（或她）對(duì)這門語言的掌握（程度）。5.Teachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheirwork.【答案】T@~！【解析】教師如果持續(xù)反思（教學(xué)）工作就能從教學(xué)實(shí)踐中獲益。6.InKrashen’sMonitorModelofsecondlanguagedevelopment,learningisnotconsciousanddoesnotoccurinformalsituationsorthroughformalgrammaticalrules,whileacquisitionisaconsciousprocessmarkedbythepresenceoferrorcorrectionandruleisolation.【答案】F@~！【解析】克拉申認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)（learning）是一個(gè)有意識(shí)的過程，表現(xiàn)在修正錯(cuò)誤（errorcorrection）和孤立規(guī)則（ruleisolation），而習(xí)得（acquisition）是一個(gè)無意識(shí)的過程。7.Theinteractionalviewoflanguagedoesnotconsiderlanguageasacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.【答案】F@~！【解析】交互主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言是一種交際工具，其主要用途是建立和維持人與人之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系。8.Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems.【答案】T@~！【解析】結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言是由多個(gè)子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的語言系統(tǒng)。9.Generally,alanguagesystemincludesthreeaspects:pronunciation,grammarandvocabulary.【答案】T@~！【解析】語言系統(tǒng)一般包括三個(gè)方面：語音、語法和詞匯。10.Theinfluentialresultofthebehaviourismistheaudio-lingualmethod.【答案】T@~！【解析】聽說法的產(chǎn)生是結(jié)構(gòu)主義的影響的結(jié)果。11.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguagecanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.【答案】T@~！【解析】斯金納認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)語言與訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物對(duì)刺激進(jìn)行反應(yīng)是一樣的。12.Chomskyagreedthatlanguageisaformofbehaviour.【答案】F@~！【解析】喬姆斯基不同意行為主義的觀點(diǎn)，即他認(rèn)為語言不是一種行為。Ⅳ.Explainthefollowingterms.1.Naturalapproach（首都師范大學(xué)2016研）Key:ThenaturalapproachisamethodoflanguageteachingdevelopedbyStephenKrashenandTracyTerrellinthelate1970sandearly1980s.Itaimstofosternaturalisticlanguageacquisitioninaclassroomsetting,andtothisenditemphasizescommunication,andplacesdecreasedimportanceonconsciousgrammarstudyandexplicitcorrectionofstudenterrors.Effortsarealsomadetomakethelearningenvironmentasstress-freeaspossible.Inthenaturalapproach,languageoutputisnotforced,butallowedtoemergespontaneouslyafterstudentshaveattendedtolargeamountsofcomprehensiblelanguageinput.2.Socio-constructivisttheory（安徽師范大學(xué)2015研）Key:Socio-constructivisttheoryreferstoakindoflanguagelearningtheory.Itemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”andscaffolding.Inotherwords,learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.Withtheteacher’sscaffoldingthroughquestionsandexplanations,orwithamorecapablepeer’ssupport,thelearnercanmovetoahigherlevelofunderstandingandextendhis/herskillsandknowledgetothefullestpotential.3.Structuralviewoflanguage（天津師范大學(xué)2010研）Key:Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:thesoundsystem(phonology),thediscreteunitsofmeaningproducedbysoundcombinations(morphology),andthesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningforcommunication(syntax).Eachlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuchstructuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructuralitemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Whenthisstructuralviewoflanguagewascombinedwiththestimulus-responseprinciplesofbehavioristicpsychology,theaudio-lingualapproachtolanguagelearningemerged.4.Behaviorism（首都師范大學(xué)2014研）Key:Asforthebehavioristtheory,itisbasedonastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,andproposedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner.Hesuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless“l(fā)istenandrepeat”drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.5.InteractionalviewKey:Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguagetobeacommunicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationbetweenpeople.6.PseudopracticeKey:Pseudopracticeisashortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteachingpracticeaspartofone’spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthesupervisionofinstructors.7.ScaffoldingKey:Itisaprocessthatenablesachildornovicetosolveaproblem,carryoutatask,orachieveagoalthatwouldbebeyondhisunassistedefforts.8.MethodologyKey:Methodologyisthedevelopmentofprinciplesandproceduresforselecting,sequencing,andjustifyinglearningtasksandactivities.9.ApproachesKey:Approachesaregeneralphilosophicalorientationstolanguageteaching.Ⅴ.Shortanswerquestions1.Theinfluenceofbehaviorismonsecondlanguageteaching（山東師范大學(xué)2018研）Key:(1)BehaviorismoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner,whoappliedWatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioningtothewayhumansacquirelanguageBasedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Theyclaimedthatemotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatyoucantrainananimaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.(2)Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferredtoasbehaviorism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguageteachingprofession,particularlyintheU.S.Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless‘listenandrepeat’drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.2.Analyzeteacherrole(s)inTotalPhysicalResponse.（首都師范大學(xué)2018研）Key:Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethoddevelopedbyJamesAsher.Itisbasedonthecoordinationoflanguageandphysicalmovement.InTPR,Teachersasinstructorsgivecommandstostudentsinthetargetlanguagewithbodymovements,andstudentsrespondwithwhole-bodyactions.Themethodisanexampleofthecomprehensionapproachtolanguageteaching.Thelisteningandresponding(withactions)servestwopurposes:Itisameansofquicklyrecognizingmeaninginthelanguagebeinglearned,andameansofpassivelylearningthestructureofthelanguageitself.Grammarisnottaughtexplicitlybutcanbelearnedfromthelanguageinput.Besides,teachersasdemonstratorsbecausewhenteachersgivesentencesasinstructionsforactions,theyfirstdemonstratestheseactionsthemselves;thentheychoosemembersoftheclasstodothem.3.ExplainWatsonandRaynor’stheoryofconditioninginyourownwords.Key:Basedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,i.e.thetheoryofconditioning.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.AccordingtoWatsonandRaynor,emotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatananimalcanbetrainedtodoanything(withinreason)iftrainersfollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages:stimulus,response,andreinforcement.Ⅵ.EssayquestionsCanyoubrieflyexplainWallace’s‘reflectivemodel’todemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessionalcompetenceofaforeignlanguageteacher?Key:Yes.InWallace’s‘reflectivemodel’,thedevelopmentofprofessionalco