英語(yǔ)常用修辭格復(fù)習(xí)

常用修辭格復(fù)習(xí)(定義并例證各術(shù)語(yǔ))一、使用語(yǔ)音手段的修辭格1．Alliteration（頭韻）：2．Assonance（元韻）：3．Consonance（輔韻）：4．Onomatopoeia（擬聲）：5．Aposiopesis（跳脫）：6．Apostrophe（呼告）：7．Pun（雙關(guān)）：二、使用詞匯手段的修辭格1．Simile（明喻）2．Metaphor（隱喻）3．Transferredepithet（移就）4．Personification（擬人）5．Oxymoron（矛盾修辭法）6．Allusion（典故）7．Analogy（類(lèi)比）8．Allegory（諷喻）9．Synecdoche（提喻）10．Euphemism（委婉語(yǔ)）11．Metonymy（借代）12．Parody（仿擬）13．Hyperbole（夸張）14．Irony（反語(yǔ)）15．Pun（雙關(guān)）16．Antonomasia（換稱）17．Synaesthesia（通感）18．Understatement（低調(diào)陳述）19．Zeugma（軛式搭配）20．Syllepsis（一筆雙敘）21．Anticlimax（突降）22．Climax（層進(jìn)）三、使用句法手段的修辭格1．Loosesentence（松散句）2．Periodicsentence（圓周句）3．Antithesis（對(duì)偶句）4．Parallelism（排比句）5．Repetition（反復(fù)）6．Ellipsis（省略）7．Inversion（倒裝）8．Rhetoricalquestion（反問(wèn)句）

AGeneralReviewonFiguresofSpeechIdentifythefigure(s)ofspeechusedinthefollowingsentences.1."YourHeavens,givemethatpatience,patienceIneed!"(Shakespeare)2.Finally,brethren,whateveristrue,whateverishonorable,whateverisright,whateverispure,whateverislovely,whateverisofgoodrepute,ifthereisanyexcellenceandifanythingworthyofpraise,letyourminddwellonthesethings.(TheBible)3.Wefeltstrong,smug,secure.4.Returntoher?…No,ratherIabjureallroofs,andchoose…Tobeacomradewiththewolfandowl…(Shakespeare)5."Oneofmykidswrotefour-letterwordsinhiscomposition,"theteachersaid.6.WhenIwasachild,Iusedtospeakasachild,thinkasachild,reasonasachild;whenIbecameaman,Ididawaywithchildishthings.(TheBible)7.Anddowhate'erthouwilt,swift-footedtime,Tothewideworldandallherfadingsweets;ButIforbidtheeonemostheinouscrime.(Shakespeare)8.Allarenotapostles,arethey?Allarenotprophets,arethey?Allarenotteachers,arethey?Allarenotworkersofmiracles,arethey?(TheBible)9.Now,whatadvantagedowederivefromhearingamansaythathehasshakenofftheyoke,thathedoesnotbelievethatthereisaGodwhowatchesoverhisactions,thatheregardshimselfassolejudgeofhisconduct,andthathedoesnotthinkofaccountingforittoanyonebuthimself?Doesheimaginethatbysayingthisheisencouragingustofeelgreatconfidenceinhiminthefutureandtoexpectcomfort,advice,andhelpfromhiminthedifficultsituationsoflife?Dosuchmenimaginethattheyhavegreatlyrejoicedusbytellingusthattheythinkoursoulisonlyapuffofwindorsmoke,andstillmorebytellingussoinanarrogant,self-satisfiedtone?Isitathingtobesaidcheerily?Isitnotrathersomethingtobeadmittedmournfullyasthoughitwerethesaddestthinginthewholeworld?(Pascal)10.Goodbreedingconsistsinconcealinghowmuchwethinkofourselvesandhowlittlewethinkoftheotherperson.(MarkTwain)11.Shallthepotterbeconsideredasequalwiththeclay,thatwhatismadeshouldsaytoitsmaker,"Hedidnotmakeme"；orwhatisformedsaytohimwhoformedit,"Hehasnounderstanding"?(TheBible)12.Greatness,intheworksofarchitecture,maybeconsideredasrelatingtothebulkandbodyofthestructure.…NottomentiontheTowerofBabel,ofwhichanoldauthorsaystherewerethefoundationstobeseeninhistime,whichlookedlikeaspaciousmountain…（JosephAddison)13.Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.NowisthetimetoopenthedoorsofopportunitytoallofGod'schildren.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofradialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.(MartinLuthurKing)14.Youearnyourlivingandyouurnyourdead.15.Otherthingsmaybeseizedbymight,orpurchasedwithmoney,butknowledgeistobegainedonlybystudy,andstudytobeprosecutedonlyinretirement.(SamuelJohnson)16.Foroursistheageoffour"A's"：anxiety,apprehension,agonizing,andaspirin.(JamesThurber)17.Sowilltheseunattractiveandmysteriousobjectsleadtoanewworldeconomicorder,orwillthegamebeplayedaccordingtotheusualindustrialrules;fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisinvestments?18.0soulofmine,willyouneverbegoodandsincere,allone,allopen,visibletothebeholdermoreclearlythanevenyourencompassingbodyofflesh?Willyounevertastethesweetnessofalovingandaffectionateheart?Willyouneverbefilledfullandunwanting;cravingnothing,yearningfornocreatureorthingtoministertoyourpleasures,noprolongationofdaystoenjoythem,noplaceorcountryorpleasantclimeorsweethumancompany?(MarcusAurelius)19.Itisinartasinmorals;nocharacterwouldinspireuswithanenthusiasticadmirationofhisvirtue,ifthatvirtueconsistedonlyinanabsenceofvice;somethingmoreisrequired;amanmustdomorethanmerelyhisdutytobeahero.(JoshuaReynolds)20.Itisnousedoingwhat,youlike;youhave,gottolikewhatyoudo.(WChurchill)21.Tobe,ornottobe;thatisthequestion:Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosufferThestingandarrowsofoutrageousfortune:Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem…（Shakespeare）22....Letthemrecognizethatthereareonlytwokindsofpersonwhomwecandescribeasreasonable;thosewhoserveGodwithalltheirheartbecausetheyhavefoundhim,andthosewhoseekhimwithalltheirheartbecause,theyhavenotfoundhim.(Pascal)23.O,whocanholdafireinhishandBythinkingonthefrostyCaucasus?OrcloythehungryedgeofappetiteBybareimaginationofafeast?OrwallownakedinDecembersnowBythinkingonfantasticsummer'sbest?(Shakespeare)24.Letusberuthlessinourcriticism,crueltopersonalvanities,indifferenttoage,rankorexperienceifthesestandinourway.Letalltheoriesbesubjectedtothebrightclearlightofpractice.(NormanBethune)25.ICameBackIcamebacktosoftnessandcomfort.IcamebacktoDr.White's.AndIwonderwhyIeverwentaway.BecauseonlyDr.White'sgivesmetwokindsofcomfort.Thesupper-comfortoftheircotton-woolcontentthatmakesthemsomuchsofter.Andthecomfortofasafer,moreabsorbenttowel,withaflush-awaydesign,too，forevenmoreconvenience.Itriedtherest,butIcameback.Isn'tittimeyoucamebacktoDr.White's?Dr.White'sTwokindsofcomfort.(Women,Apr.1977)26.Whatmaybedoneatanytimewillbedoneatnotime.(Proverb)27.Youmightaswellexpectaleopardtochangeitsspotsasexpecthimtogiveupsmoking.28.HeintendedtotakeanopportunitythisafternoonofspeakingtoIrene.Awordintimesavesnine…(JohnGalsworthy)29.Alittleboycameuptohismother."Ma,"hesaid,"Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Myteacherkissedme.”"Well,wereyouagoodboyanddidyoukissherback?""Ofcoursenot!"hedeniedindignantly,"Ikissedherface.”30.Idon'thaveanyrichrelationswhowellleavememoneywhentheydie.WhateverIgetinlife,I'llhavetoearnbythesweatofmybrow.31.Magnus.Frankly,IhavebeenaccustomedtoregardyourPresidentasastatesmanwhosemouthwasthemostefficientpartofhishead.(BernardShaw)32.NolongermournformewhenIamdeadThenyoushallhearthesurlysullenbellGivewarningtotheworldthatIamfledFromthisvileworld,withvilestwormstodwell…(Shakespeare)33.Owhatcanailthee,knight-at-arms,Aloneandpalelyloitering?Thesedgehaswitheredfromthelake,Andnobirdssing.Owhatcanailthee,knight-at-arms,Sohaggardandsowoe-begone?Thesquirrel'sgranaryisfull,Andtheharvest'sdone.(JohnKeats)34.O,myluveislikeared,redroseThat'snewlysprunginJune:O,myluveislikethemelodieThat'ssweetlyplayedintune.(RobertBums)35.Hisbehaviorwas一butIblushtomentionthat.36.Hehadpassedmanyanxioushoursbeforehegotthephonecallfromhisdaughter.37.Music,whensoftvoicesdie,vibratesinthememory一odours,whensweetvioletssicken，Livewithinthesensetheyquicken.(Shelly)38.Child-bearing,hardwork,andconstantanxietywerebeginningtotellonMrsAthelny;andsometimesherbackachedintheeveningsothatshehadtositdownandrestherself.(W.S.Maugham)39."Now,sir,"saidmyaunttoMr.Micawber,assheputonhergloves,"wearereadyforMountVesuvius,oranythingelse,assoonasyouplease.”"Madam,"returnedMr.Micawber,"Itrustyouwillshortlywitnessaneruption…”(CharlesDickens)40.Thenthefishcamealive,withhisdeathinhim,androsehighoutofthewatershowingallhisgreatlengthandwidthandallhispowerandhisbeauty.Heseemedtohangintheairabovetheoldmanintheskiff.Thenhefellintothewaterwithacrashthatsentsprayovertheoldmanandoveralloftheskiff.(Hemingway)美文欣賞4（AformalofficialLetter）LiaoChengzhi'sLettertoMr.ChiangChing-KuoDearbrotherChing-Kuo,Nooneeverexpectedthatastripofwatershouldhavebecomesovastadistance.Itisnow36yearssinceourbriefrendezvousinNanjing.FromourchildhoodfriendshiptoourchatsintheSovietcapital,everythinginthepastisstillaliveinmymemory.Butit'sunfortunatethatwehaven'theardfromeachotherforsomanyyears.RecentlyIwastoldthatyouaresomewhatindisposedandthishascausedmemuchconcern.Menintheirseventiesareoftenafflictedwithillness.Isincerelyhopethatyouwilltakegoodcareofyourself.Overthepastthreeyears,ourpartyhasrepeatedlyproposedtalkswithyourpartytoburythehatchetandworkjointlytoaccomplishthegreatcauseofnationalreunification.Butyouhavetimeandagainannouncedthatthereshouldbe"nocontact,notalksandnocompromise",whichIthinkisinadvisable.Consideringboththepublicinterestsandourclosefriendshipwhichhaslastedforgenerations,IregarditasmydutytooffersomeadvicewhichIhopeyouwillconsidercarefully.Thepeacefulreunificationofthemotherlandwouldbeagreatachievementtoberecordedinhistory.Taiwanisboundtoreturntotheembraceofthemotherlandeventually.Anearlysettlementwouldbeintheinterestofall.ThecompatriotsinTaiwanwouldbeabletoliveinpeaceandhappiness,thepeopleofallnationalitiesonbothsidesoftheTaiwanstraitswouldnolongerhavetoendurethepainsofseparationfromtheirkithandkin,andtheeldersinTaiwanandthosewhohavemovedtherefromthemainlandwouldallbeproperlyplacedandprovidedfor.AndthiswouldcontributetothestabilityofAsiaandthePacificregionaswellastoworldpeace.Youusedtospuryourselfonwiththeaxiom:"Theintereststobeconsideredshouldbetheinterestsofall;thefametobesoughtshouldbeafamethatwouldlastforever.”Ifthegreatcauseofreunificationwouldbeaccomplishedthroughyourwork,youwillcertainlywintheesteemofthenationandthepraiseofall.Youwouldbedoingmeritoriousservicetothecountryandyournamewouldbeinscribedinthetempleoffame.Itispreposteroustoregardsuchaserviceas“guilt”.Afterall,puttingupinthattighteasterncomerisnotalong-termsolution.Thisisofcoursequiteclearforamanasintelligentasyou.Hesitation,procrastinationorleavingtheproblemtootherdayswouldonlyleadtodifficultyanddistressandyou,mybrother,￡?wouldhardlybeabletoescapetheblame.Moreover,peacefulreunificationisentirelyaninternalaffairofChina.ThoseoutsiderswhotalkgliblyaboutithavedesignsonourTaiwan.Thisiscommonknowledge.Whenadecisionneedstobemade,irresolutionisboundtobringtrouble.Ihopeyouwillconsiderthiscarefully.TheKuomintang,foundedbyDr.SunYat-senenduredcountlesshardshipsandfinallyoverthrewthemonarchyandestablishedtherepublic;numerousrevolutionariesadvancedwaveafterwaveandlaiddowntheirlivesforthecause.Historyhasrecordedthisasagloriouscontribution.TheKuomintangandtheCommunistPartytwicecooperatedandonbothoccasionstheymadetremendouscontributionstothecountryandthenation.Weknowsomethingaboutthefastcooperation,ledbyDr.SunYat-sen,thoughwewerestillyoungatthattime.Thesecondcooperationproceededwithyourfatherinthechairand,asparticipantsinit,weshouldknowwhatitwasallabout.Thoughthematterwasascomplicatedascouldbe,anall-roundviewofthesituationwouldshowthatcooperationisbeneficialtothecountryandthenationwhiledivisionisdetrimentaltothem.SinceyouarepresidingovertheadministrationofTaiwan,youhaveunshirkableresponsibilityfortherealizationofcooperationforthethirdtime.Itwouldbeeasiertotalkthematteroverwhenleadersonbothsidesusedtobeschoolmatesandclosefriendswhoknowoneanotherwell.Ifinditreallyhardformetosubscribetothoseviewswhichdescribecooperationas"surrender","humiliating","sufferinglosses"or"beingduped.Inreviewinghistoryorlookingforwardtothefuture,oneshouldbearinmindthepublicinterest,theinterestsofthecountryandthenation,andusethisasthesupremecriterion,insteadofbasingoneselfonaparty'sselfishinterests.Suchtalksas"reunifyingChinawiththeThreePeople'sPrinciples"areregardedbyallsensiblepeopleasunrealistic,deceptiveandself-deceiving.Peopleof?￡generationknowthetruemeaningoftheThreePeople'sPrinciplesquitewellandthereisnoneedtoargueaboutit.NeitheristhereanyneedtodwellonsuchassertionsasTaiwan's"economicprosperity,democracyandeasylivelihood",thetruthofwhichthevenerablegentlemeninTaiwanknowclearly.Forthesakeofyourparty,Iwouldthinkthatifyouwouldtakeupthehistoricalresponsibilityandresolutelytakepartinpeacetalkstoaccomplishnationalreunificationasrequiredbytimeandtide,thetwopartieswouldbeabletoco-existforalongtimetocome,supervisingeachotherwhilejoininginthegloriousefforttorevitalizeChina.Otherwisehowthesituationexistinginthatsmallcornercouldbemaintainedforlong?Thisisaquestionthosewhoaresensiblearealreadyturningoverintheirminds.ItinvolvesthesurvivalanddevelopmentoftheKuomintangandIhopeyouwillthinkitoveragain.Irecentlyreadoneofyourwritingsinwhichyouexpressed"ferventhopesthatmyfather'ssoulwouldbeabletoreturntothehomelandandbereunitedwiththeforefathers".IwasoverwhelmedwithemotionwhenIreadthis.TheremainsofyourfatherarestillplacedtemporarilyatCihu.Afterreunification,theywouldbemovedbackandburiedinthenativesoil---inFenghua,NanjingorLushan---infulfillmentofyourfilialwishes.Yourecentlysaid,"filialdevotionshouldbeexpandedintonationaldevotion,whichmeansloveofthenationanddedicationtothecountry".Thisisanexcellentstatement.Whydon'tyouapplyittothegreatcauseofnationalreunification?Asfarasthecountryandnationareconcerned,thiswouldbeanexpressionofbothloyaltyandfilialpiety.Otherwisehowcouldyouaccountforyourselfafteryourpassingaway?Itishopedthatyouwouldthinkmoreaboutit.Dearbrother!Yourlifehasbeenmarkedbyfrustration,whichshouldnotbeattributedtofate.Everythingdependsonyourself.Thegoodandilltobejudgedinthenextthousandyearshingeonthedecisionmadeinamoment.Thepresentinternationalsituationiscapricious.ThroughoutTaiwanpeopleofallstrataaretalkingabouttheirfuture.Timedoesnotstayandbriefistheday.Alongnightisfraughtwithdreams;timedoesnotwaitforus.Ihopeyou,mybrother,wouldbegoodatmakingthechoiceandrepairthehousebeforeitrains.Vastistheexpanseofskyandwater.Whatareyouwaitingfor,stayingawayfromhome?Thelongingforoldfriendsgrowswithage.Ifitisconvenienttoyou,IwouldpackandsetoutforavisittoTaibeitoseekenlightenmentfromourelders."Forallthedisastersthebrotherhoodhasremained;asmileatmeetingandenmityisbanished.”WhenIlooktowardsthedistantsouthernsky,myheartisalreadythere.NowordisenoughtoexpresswhatIwishtosay.Itishopedthatyouwilltakegoodcareofyourself.Iamwaitingimpatientlyforareply.PleaseconveymyregardstoyourmotheraswellastoFang-Liang,Wei-Kuoandthechildren.Bestwishestoyou,LiaoChengzhi