英語現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語詳解Verb-ing-phrases課件

英語語法Verb-ing

phrases-ing短語作狀語稱為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時，通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動作，來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯．2–

Relying

on

our

own

efforts,

we

overcame

allthe

difficulties.–

They

stood

there

for

an

hour

,watching

thegame.–

Don’t

just

stand

there

doing

nothing.3現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語有四種形式4一般形式，由動詞原形＋ing構(gòu)成．完成形式，由having+過去分詞．進(jìn)行被動式：由being＋過去分詞完成被動式：由having

been＋過去分詞構(gòu)成1.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用一般形式?5⑴當(dāng)分詞的動作是由主語發(fā)出，而且和謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，則用分詞的一般形式．He

was

ill

and

didn’t

attend

themeeting.?

=Being

ill,

he

didn’t

attend

themeeting.When

he

saw

those

picture

,hecouldn’t

help

thinking

of

thosedays

in

the

war.=Seeing

those

pictures,

hecouldn’t

help

thinking

of

thosedays

in

the

war.6⑵如果分詞表示的是一個極短暫的動作,這動作一發(fā)生,謂語表示的動作立即發(fā)生,也用分詞的一般形式.Hearing

the

news,

they

alljumpedwith

joy.Walking

out

ofthe

room,

he

foundthe

boy

still

there.72.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用完成形式？8當(dāng)分詞的動作是由主語發(fā)出，而且發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，則用分詞的完成形式．Having finished

the

class,shewent

home.?

=After

she finished

the

class…Having worked

among

thepeasants

for

many

years,

heknew

them

verywell.9=As

he

hadworked…3.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用進(jìn)行被動式？10當(dāng)分詞的動作由主語承受，而且分詞的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時．Being

criticized

by

the

employer,the

new

employee

hung

hishead.4.現(xiàn)在分詞何時用完成的被動式？當(dāng)分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，且分詞表示的動作由主語承受．Having

been

praised

for

his

job,Tom worked

harder.11現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于狀語從句可表時間，原因，方式，伴隨情況，結(jié)果或條件等12(1)相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句13a.

Being

ill,

she

didn’t

g

toschooltoday.?

=As

she

is

ill,

…b.

Having

seen

the

film

,hedidn’tgo

to

the

cinema

with

them.?

=Because

he

had

seen

the

film

,…c.

Feeling

tired

，I

went

to

bedearly.?

=Because

I

felt

tired,

…d.

Not

knowing

her

address,

wecouldn’t

get

in

touch

with

her.＝Because

we

didn’t

know

heraddress,

…14Greatly

interested,

I

asked

tohave

a

try

myself.Delighted,

the

girls

thought

upmany

good

ideas.15a.

Walking

in

the

street(=When

I

waswalking

in

the

street),

I caught

sight

ofa tailor

shop.b.

Turning

around

(When

she

turnedaround),

she

saw

an

ambulancedriving

up.16（2）相當(dāng)于時間狀語從句c.

When

leaving

theairport(When

they

left

the

airport),

theywaved

again

and

again.D.

Don’t

mention

this

whiletalking

to

him(while

you

aretalking

tohim).17(3)表示行為方式，伴隨情況或補充說明等18a.

Holding

the

note

in

hishand,he

stood

there

dumbfounded.b.

The

students

went

away,running

and

laughing.c.

Staving,

he

wandered

about.(4)表示結(jié)果19a.

The

old

man

died,

leavingnothing

but

debts.b.

we

hurried

to

school

,findingthere

were

no

students

in

theschool.c.

They

opened

fire,

killing

one

ofour

patrolmen.(5)表示條件a.

Staying

here

for

some

time,you’ll

find

the

people

here

arefriendly.b.

If

playing

all

day

,you

willwaste

your

valuable

time.20注意1：不是每個狀語從句都能用分詞替換只有當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，才能用分詞替換．21Before

I

came

into

the

lab,

thestudent

had

been

seated.Come

into

的動作既不是students發(fā)出的也不是students承受，所以不能這樣說Coming

into

the

lab,

thestudentshad

been

seated.22注意2：分詞作狀語時，分詞和句子的主語一定要有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系即分詞的動作由句子的主語發(fā)出或承受．23We

are

sitting

here,makingnotes.make的動作由主語我們發(fā)出Being

scolded

by

his

mother,the

boy

hung

his

head.Scold的動作由the

boy承受24注意3：如果分詞和句子沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則不能用單個的分詞作狀語，可以用分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或狀語從句．25現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)為名詞或代詞＋分詞，名詞或代詞是分詞的邏輯主語Time

permitting,

I’ll

call

on

youthisSunday.There

being

no

money,

hecouldbuy

nothing.26He

entering

the

office,

aletterwas

found

on

theground.Professor

Zhang

having

finishedthe

lecture,

his

driver

drove

himhome.27分詞作狀語時,在少數(shù)情況下,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,分詞用來修飾全句

Judging

from

his

accent,

heseemed

to

be

from

Maba.?

=If

we

judge…28Generally

speaking,

every

spyhas

a

contact.Considering

his

age,

he

washelped

by

the

young

fellow.29時間條件伴隨方式原因結(jié)果Verb-ingphrases現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：時間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結(jié)果1.時間狀語：Working

in

the

factory,he

learned

a

lot

from

theworkers.(分詞一般式）Having

read

theletter,shegotvery

excited.（完成式）注①：現(xiàn)在分詞作時間,原因狀語：如果分詞所表示的動作和謂語的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。如果分詞動作明顯在謂語之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)分完成式。Hearing

the

news,

they

all

jumped

with

joy.Having

arrived

at

the

factory,

theyimmediatelyset

to

work.注②：在作時間狀語的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，

介詞after,before,on.Be

carefulwhen

crossing

the

street.Don’t

mention

this

while

talking

to

him.On

arriving

in London

,

he

managed

to

get

intouch

with

her.=As

soon

ashe

arrived

in

London,

….2.現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語：Working

hard,

you

willsucceed.Turning

to

the

left,

you

will

find

the

pathleadingto

the

site.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨方式狀語：She

camerunning

towards

me.The

children

ran

out

of

the

room,

laughing

andtalking

merrily.They

stood

there

for

an

hour ,

watching

thegame.She

sat

at

the

desk

reading

a

newspaper.Traveling

by

jeep,

we

visited

a

number

of

cities.Following

the

guide,

they

started

to

climb.4.現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語：Seeing

nobody

at

home,

she

decided

to

leave

them

anote.Not

knowing

her

address,

we

couldn’t

get

in

touchwith

her.Being

so

poor

in

those

days

,

we

couldn’t

afford

tosend

the

boy

to

hospital.注：

Having

worked

among

the

peasants

for

manyyears

,

he

knew

them

very well.

（分詞完成式的肯定式）Not

having

received

an

answer

,

he

decided

towrite

another

letter.（分完否）5.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語： （多用于句尾）Her

husband

died

in

1942,

leaving

her

withfivechildren.The

bus

was

held

up

by

snowstorm,

thuscausing

thedelay.Note:現(xiàn)在分詞表示必然結(jié)果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結(jié)果，前可加only.He

was

caught

in

the

rain,

thus

makinghimself

catch

cold.I

hurried

to

school,

only

to

find

that

itwas

Sunday.Note:在用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致,如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上

的主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為:

獨

立主格結(jié)構(gòu)I.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+現(xiàn)在分詞The

Night

coming

on

,they

started

forhome.The

last

bus

having

gone,

he

had

to

walkhome.Time

permitting,

we

are

going

to

climb

themountaintomorrow.They

are

talking

with

the

teacher,

their

children

playing

outside.It

raining,

I

went

to

work

with

an

umbrella.II.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+過去分詞His

tea

finished,he

went

on

with

his

work.（時間His

homework

done,

he

went

to

watch

the

game.His

leg

badly

hurt,

he

had

to

be

sent

to

hospital.（原因）The

report

read,

discussion

began.III.名詞普通格（代詞主格）+(being)+adj.(adv./

prep-phrase

/n

./todo)Everything

(being)

ready,

they

startedout.The

meeting(being)

over,we

all

left

the

hall.WuSong

beat

the

tiger

to

death,

two

fists

(being)

his

onlyweapon..Gun

in

hand,

the

soldiers

ran

up

thehill.Here

are

the

first

two

volumes,

thethird

one

to

come

out

nextmonth.ConsolidationThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,

a

longspeech

for

the

president.A.to

prepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparingThe

visiting

minister

expressed

his

satisfactionwiththetalks,

that

he

had

enjoyed

his

stay

here.A.having

added B.to

add

C.adding

D.addedEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,

itthe

most

popular

sport

in

theworld.A.

making

B.makes

C.made D.to

make

up

at

his

father,

he

asked

what

was

thematterwith

him.A.Having

looked B.

Looking C.Tolook

D.Look

from

his

clothes,

he

is

not

sopoor.A.Judged B.

Judging C.

To

judge D.Having

judged

such

heavy

pollution

already,

it

may

now

betoo

late

to

clean

up

theriver.A.

HavingsufferedC.TosufferB.SufferingD.Suffered1.作時間狀語,

可以表示三個時間概念Verb-ing

phrasesA.表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于

“as soon

as”

引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Hearing

the

good news,

I

laughedwith

tears.?

=

As

soon

as I

heard

the

goodnews,

I

…B.謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在分詞動作的過程中,表示“在做某事期間”，相當(dāng)于由when/while

引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Walking

in

the

street,

Icameacross

an

old

acquaintance.?

=

When/While

I

was

walking

in

thestreet,

I

came

across

anoldacquaintance.?

=

When/While

walking

in

the

street,I

came

across

…C.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。如:Having

done

our

homework,

wewentout

to

play.2.作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于because/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。A.和謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生Being

ill,

Joe

didn’t

go

to

school.=Because/As

he

was

ill,

he

didn’t

go…Not

knowing

what

to

do

next,

he

wentto

his

doctor

for

advice.=

Because/As

he

didn’t

know

whatto

do

next,

he

went

to

…B.如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,分詞就要用完成時。Having seen

the

film

many times,

Joedidn’t

go

to seeit

for

another

timelast

night.作結(jié)果狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作

同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生Themother died,

leaving

twelvechildren

behind.We

fired at

t