B3U3名詞性從句之賓和表從句

Grammar名詞性從句(1)

nounclause賓語從句和表語從句

theobjectandpredictiveclause人教社新課標必修3Unit3Themillionpoundbank-noteRelatedConception(相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。TheboyisliMing.主語表語Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主語同位語賓語在英語的句子中，一個句子充當?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，這些句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語從句(TheSubjectClause)賓語從句(TheObjectClause)

表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)同位語從句(TheAppositiveClause)Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountry?Whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountry?Whydon’tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout?ks5u精品課件如何區(qū)分賓語從句？Theyknowtheteacher.主語謂語賓語TheyknowthattheteacherisAmerican.主語謂語賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞〔及物動詞〕或不及物動詞+介詞之后。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+連詞〔引導詞〕+賓語從句引導賓語從句詞有連詞that;if，whether；連接代詞who，whom,whose，whatwhich，whoever,whomeverwhateverwhichever；連接副詞when,where,how,why等。語序:陳述語序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分

賓語從句五種形式歸納:

1.Idid’tknow

whetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning?2.Iamafraid

(that)it’llcostalargeamountofmoney.

3.Hestaresat

whatisleftofthebrother’sdinneronthetable.4.Doyouthinkitpossible

thatHenrycanbuyeverythingwiththebanknote?5.Doyoulikeit

whenyouhavesomuchmoney?Fillintheproperwords:Wedon’tknow______HenrycametoLondon.Weknow_____Henrymustbeveryworriedabout.Wewonder______willhelpHenrywinthebet.Thebrotherwon’tsay_____theydecidedtomakethebet.Nounclausesastheobject

Unit3why/how/whenwhatwhowhy賓語從句四種形式歸納:

1.Idid’tknow

whetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning?2.Iamafraid

(that)it’llcostalargeamountofmoney.

3.Hestaresat

whatisleftofthebrother’sdinneronthetable.4.Doyouthinkitpossible

thatHenrycanbuyeverythingwiththebanknote?5.Doyoulikeit

whenyouhavesomuchmoney?Makeasmanysentencesaspossiblewithnounclausesastheobject.verytired,hungry,homesick,anxious,hopelessandhelpless.whatwherewhowhetherhowwhen…HenryiswanderingonthestreetinEnglandwithnomoneyandnofriends.Canyouimaginehowhefeelsandwhatheisthinking?Ithinkthathefeels

Heisthinkingwhatwherewhoif/wheth-erhowWhen….heshoulddonext.hecanfindajob.hewillbecomeabeggarifhecannotfindajob

.hecanturntoforhelp.Heisthinking

hecanearnhislivinginastrangecity.hecangobackhome.1.引導賓語從句的that一般都可以省略，但有幾個并列的that從句作賓語，后面的that不??；that從句與另一個名詞從句作并列賓語時；在介詞〔except/but/besides/in〕后的賓語從句that不可省。溫馨提示:賓語從句學習本卷須知Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.EveryonecouldseewhatwashappeningandthatTomwasreallyshocked.Hediffersfromotherpeoplein

thathealwayslooksfartheraheadinhiswork.2.在動詞或短語(like,hate,dislike,love,enjoy,prefer,appreciate,take,hide,seeto等〕之后，須先用it作形式賓語，然后接賓語從句。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthfull.Shehidit(她已婚).Ijusttakeitforgrantedv(我們有無窮的干凈水供給).I”llappreciatedit(如果你幫我的話).

thatshehadbeenmarried.thatwehaveanendlesssupplyofcleanwater.ifyougivemeafavor.Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。it?？梢苑旁趧釉~think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語,其中that不可省.即think+it+n./adj.+that從句。3.whether/ifwhether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情況下兩者可以換用，但1.在介詞之后，2.不定式之前，3.與ornot連用，4.在句首引導主語從句時,5.在引導表語從句時，6.在引導同位語從句時，7.在動詞discuss后只能用whether(新坐標37)Iwanttoknowif/whetherthenewsistrue.Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot?Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.1.Pleasetellmeyouwillgotothelecturetomorrow.2.Italldependsontheskywillclearup.3.Thequestionisthefilmiswellworthseeing.4.hewillbewelltomorrowisdoubtful.5.Itisdoubtfulhewillbewelltomorrow

關(guān)聯(lián)詞比較whether/ifwhether/ifwhetherwhetherWhetherwhether/if一個堅持(insist)兩個命令〔command,order)三個建議〔advise,propose,suggest)四個要求〔ask,demand,require,request)Hesuggestedthatthework(should)bestartedatonce.5.主句主語為：1.第一人稱I,We，2.謂語動詞為〔think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等〕，并為一般現(xiàn)在時，3.從句為否認句。習慣上采取否認轉(zhuǎn)移。Idon’tbelieve

she’sbeentoAustralia,_________?Hedoesn’tbelieve

she’sbeentoAustralia,_________?hasshe4.某些動詞后的賓從用“should+動詞原形”(Y54〕doeshe表語從句ThePredicativeClauseThefactisthatIearnedmypassageasanunpaidhand.Thatiswhywehavegivenyoutheletter.如何區(qū)分表語從句？Thisismyopinion.主語系動詞表語ThisiswhatIwanttosay.主語系動詞表語從句表語從句就是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句系動詞be,look,sound,remain,seem等之后。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+系動詞+連詞〔引導詞〕+表語從句引導表語從句詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞who，whom,whose，whatwhich，wh-ever；連接副詞when,where，how，wh-ever，why;附屬連詞asif/though,because,as等。語序:陳述語序：連接詞+主語+系動詞+其他成分

1.that僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進一步解釋的作用。溫馨提示:表語從句學習本卷須知Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引導的表語從句

連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否、究竟、到底”〔注意：if不能引導表語從句)在句中也不作任何成分。

Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthepeople.

3.where,when,why,how引導的表語從句連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。e.g.That’sIcan’tagreewithyou.

Thisis

Sarawaslateforthemeeting.

Thisistheyovercomethedifficulties.

MystrongestmemoryisIattendedanAmericanwedding.where/whyhowwhywhen4.其他連詞asif,asthough，because,as,引導的表語從句.

because引導表語從句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。

asif/though引導的表語從句常置于連系動詞look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀,也可用陳述語氣。e.g.Itseemedasif/thoughtheworldhadcometoanend.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Thatis

hewasill.Hewasillyesterday.That’s

hedidn’tgotoschool.注意That/Itisbecause…這是因為…。Thatiswhy….那是….的原因。Thereasonwhy…is/wasthat….結(jié)構(gòu)和在what引導的主語從句(表結(jié)果)后的表語從句中,均用that.〔新坐標38〕Thereasonwhyhedidn’tgoschoolyesterdaywas

hewasill.Whatcausedtheaccidentwas

thedriverwastoocareless.Theorderwasthatthework(should)befinishedbefore4o’clock.5.主語為advice,order,demand,plan,suggestion,request等，從句用(should)+動詞原形.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.+

Hewasill.becausewhythatthat1.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which2.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime3.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when4.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where5.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s_____ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why跟蹤練習6.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere7.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether8.Iremember_______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what9.Thehousewasiust___Ihadleftitexceptthatevery-thingwascoveredwithdust.A.thatB.asC.whatD.where10.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveMakeasmanysentencesaspossiblewithnounclausesasthepredicative:WhatisHenry’strouble?troublethatHisconcernishowdoubtwherewhetherwhenhehasnomoneyandnofriends.hecanearnhislivinginastrangecity.hecanfindajob.hewillbecomeabeggarifhecannotfindajob.

hecangobackhome.試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseum_____youvisited?Isthisthemuseum____youvisited?Isthismuseum_________youvisited?注意：這種句子考試時一定要記住這句話：名詞前〔尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前〕一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)what(that/which//)theone(that)Hissuccess

inthecompetitionmadeushappy.Thathesucceededinthecompetitioninthegame

madeushappy.從句在復合句中充當名詞使用，做主語，從句又叫主語從句。ThatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesbroughtChinesegreathappiness.LiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesbroughtChinesegreathappiness

ThemanwindowsbrokebroughttroubleThat

themanbrokethewindowsbroughthimtrouble.主語從句在主句中充當主語的從句叫做主語從句。他星期三來這里是肯定的。ThathewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.注意：從句作主語時，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上附屬連詞that他星期三是否來這里還不肯定的。WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.注意：主語從句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”溫馨提示:主語從句學習二注意①從句作主語,謂語動詞往往為第三人稱單數(shù)形式.Howtheybecamegoodstudents

isknowntoall.②that引導主語從句不能省略.

Thathewillcomeiscertain.主語從句主語從句有時用“it”作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面，以防止頭重腳輕。Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.It+be+形容詞＋that從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要…Itisimportantthat….重要的是…Itisobviousthat……很明顯……It+be+-ed分詞＋that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信…Itisknowntous/allthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……用it形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配：It+be+名詞＋that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisasurprisethat….令人驚奇的是…Itisafactthat……事實是……Itisnowonderthat…..并不奇怪…It+不及物動詞＋that從句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……＊＊同位語從句跟在某些名詞后面，對該名詞作進一步解釋說明。常用名詞有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等等。suggestion,/order/demand/wish等．常用連詞：that，whether,when，where，why和how等等。NewscamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.

It’sthequestionhowhedidit.消息傳來，拿破侖要來視察他的軍隊。問題是他是如何做這件事的。試區(qū)分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當成分的；而同位語從句中的that只起連接作用。2.定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句那么解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.〔同位語從句〕我們隊取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.〔定語從句〕你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。2、兩種從句都可以用that引導e.g.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.〔同位語從句〕學生應該學些實用的東西的建議值得考慮。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.〔定語從句〕值得考慮的建議是學生應該學些實用的東西。一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.〔從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊取得了決賽勝利。〕Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.〔從句對“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知?！扯⑼徽Z從句與定語從句的不同之處2、引導從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：that引導同位語從句時是一個純連詞，不充當任何成分；而引導定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當成分。e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.〔that不充當任何成分〕2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.〔that指代promise，又在從句中充當主語。〕Tellthedifference1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportis

thataheavystormiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.AppositiveACAppositiveACPredicativePredicativeI.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences說出以下從句的功能：A:Appositive〔同位語〕;B:Attributive〔定語〕Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownon

theway.BBB1.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.2.ManyofthecreaturesinRowling’sworldarenotreal,andmuchof________happensisstrange.3.Thecityisnolonger______itusedtobe.that:what:只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，沒有詞義起連接作用，且在從句中充當主語，賓語或表語，表示“所……的”。Thatwhat歸納whatwhat4.There’safeelinginme_____we’llneverknowwhataUFOis---notever.

that3.that，what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別4.what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.whatever/whoever/whichever等引導的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，相當于名詞后加一個定語從句，而what/who/which等引導的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverWhatever—Anything/AllthatWhoever—Anyonewho1.It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.which B.thatC.whateverD.allwhat2._____kills,sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds,istoblame.A.Anyone B.whoever C.Thosewho D.Those3.—Howcanwedealwiththecomingflood? —Take______measuresyouconsiderbest.whichever B.whoever C.whatever D.whereverCBC1.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because4.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that7.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoonCDCABDB單項填空8.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak9.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes11.Hemadeapromise___anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif12.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand____mademattersworsewas___nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;whatAADDA穩(wěn)固練習１._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.〔2008福建卷〕A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which２.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.〔2008湖南卷〕A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which３.______mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.〔2007全國卷II〕What B.Why C.Where D.Which4.______wantstostayinahotelh