unit-4-style-and-purpose市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

1Unit4

TextAStyleandPurposeRandolphQuirkANewEnglishCourse新編英語教程71/502ContentsBackgroundknowledgeVocabularyLead-indiscussionTextanalysisRhetoricaldevicesStructureDiscussionHomework2/50BackgroundknowledgeTheauthtor3/504Lead-indiscussion:Stylesthefive-pointscaleofformalityinthelanguagestyle(MartinJoos,1961)frozenstyle凝固體，刻板體

formalstyle正式體

consultativestyle詢議體

casualstyle隨便體

intimatestyle親密體4/505StylesThewordsandsentencestructuresawriterchoosesdecidethestyleofhiswriting.e.g.commithomicide–murder–blowawayoffspring–children–kids1)Onthedeceaseofhisfather,Mr.Brownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.2)Afterhisfather’sdeath,Peterhadtochangehisjob.3)Whenhisdaddied,Peterhadtogetanotherjob.5/506Styles1)Visitorsshouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.2)Visitorsshouldgoupthestaircaseatonce.3)Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsrightaway?4)Timeyouallwentupstairs,now.5)Upyougo,chaps!6/507StylesDiscussion:Factorsinthechoiceofthestyle?addresser–addresseesubjectsettingmedium…7/508StyleConsiderwhatstyleyouwouldadoptwhenwritingthefollowingletters.1)alettertothepresidentofourschooltoalerthimtoaproblemwhichstudentshaveencounteredoncampus2)alettertoanintimatefriendaboutyourtripduringtheNationalDayholiday(makeaphonecalltohim/her)3)alettertoyourmiddleschoolteacheraboutyouruniversitylife4)alettertoappealtostudentstosaveenergy5)abusinesslettertoconfirmyourorder8/509StyleStyleofthisarticle?formalnon-professional,easy-to-understandexamples(everydayoccurrence,dailyspeech)9/50VocabularyVocabulary10/5011StructureI.P1WhatconstrainsauseroflanguageII.P2-7styleandpurposeexamples--pointtoillustrateexamples

pointtoillustrate

P2P3P4-5P6-711/5012Textanalysis

P1Readpara.1Whatconstrainsauseroflanguage?styletheconventionsofcollocationtheconventionsofgrammar12/5013P1intricacy:complexityco-ordinationinusinglanguage:putwordstogetherconstraint:n.limitation,restrictionv.constrain13/5014P1neatly:clearlytwofolddivision:twopartsfallintosth.:

1)tobeabletobedividedintosth.e.g.Thestoryfallsintothreeparts.

fallintothesamecategory/group2)begintobeinacertainstatee.g.fallintoacomafallintoaragefallintoaconversation/discussion/argument

14/5015P1ultimately:thereforegradation:degrees,changesThestylisticrangeofEnglishiswideandultimatelythegradationsareinfinite.paraphrase?TherearesomanydifferentstylesinEnglishthatitisimpossibletoclassifythemneatly.becongruouswith/to:beconformingto,beconsistentwith與……一致15/5016P1see:makesure確保see(that)e.g.It’suptoyoutoseethatthejobisdone.Pleaseseethatthewindowsareclosedwhenyouleave.Don’tworry.I’llseetoit.conventionsofcollocation:whatwordscanbeputtogetherconventionsofgrammar:rulesgoverningtheformationofsentenceswithreferenceto:accordingto,concerning依據(jù)16/5017P1Thesisstatement?Whenweareputtingwordstogether,wehavetoseethat…--withreferencetothesamepointonthescale.17/5018topicsentenceP2P3P4,5P6,7BeforetryingtowritelikeGertrudeStein,wehavetoschoolourselvestoobserveandtouseEnglishwithinthestrictestconventions.Withoutanorm,itisdifficulttorecogniseorpractiseoriginality.Theorderofeventsinourstrategymustbefirsttoobserve…toinsistonthecentralimportanceofkeepinginlinewithactualusage.Frequentandthoroughlyexpectedcollocationsaremostapttostrikeusasclichéswhentheyareusedonoccasionswhich…18/5019P2topicsentence?paradoxical:contradictory;ridiculousmaywell:verypossibleoriginal:completelynewanddifferent新奇，獨創(chuàng)thebigprizesgotopeoplewhoareoriginal…:peopleareencouragedandawardedtobecreativeTheprizegoesto….19/5020P2bynomeans:notatall絕不，并沒有e.g.Thisremarkbynomeansshouldbetakenlightly.這次講話絕不能等閑視之。

--AmIwrong?--No,bynomeans.byallmeans盡一切方法

e.g.Thisplanmustberealizedbyallmeansbyanymeans不論怎樣byfairmeansorfoul

不擇伎倆bymeansof依靠，用

e.g.Hesucceededbymeansofperseverance.20/5021P2whateverouropinionofthis:nomatterwhatwethinkaboutitcriesof“Look,Mother:nohands!”theartofcyclingametaphortheartofcyclingtheartofwritingcycleateasewriteatwill21/5022P2school:train,teachobserve:followwithinthestrictestconventions:preciselyinaccordancewithestablishedrules22/5023P2examples

ridingabike(ametaphor)theartofcycling

theartofwriting

pointtoillustrate

Learntobeconventionalbeforetryingtobeoriginal.23/5024P3topicsentence?norm:standard,criterionrecognizeoriginality:tellwhatoriginalityispractiseoriginality:beoriginalsample:v.tastemarket:v.sellfetching:attractive,temptinggimmick小花招24/5025P3adeparturefrom:adisregardofThatisadeparturefromtheprinciple.新政策意味著他們完全背離了以前立場。Thenewpolicyrepresentsacompletedeparture

fromtheirpreviousposition.

departfrom

背離，偏離departfromtheevilanddogood我們改革不能離開社會主義道路，不能沒有共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

Ourreformcannotdepart

fromsocialismanditcannotbeaccomplishedwithouttheleadershipoftheCommunistParty.Hedepartedfromthetextandtoldananecdote.

25/5026P3hoary:veryold陳舊witticism:acleveramusingremark妙語，俏皮話junction:combinationtension:opposition,imbalance26/5027P3examples

“freezinghot-ice-cream”“BitterSweet”“Thehandthatrockedthecradlehaskickedthebucket”

pointtoillustrateUnconventionalitycansometimesproducespecialeffect,butitisbasedoncertainnorms.

27/5028P3Whyaretheyoriginal?oxymoronparadoxsynecdocheslang(die)28/5029P4-5topicsentence?inlinewith:inaccordancewith與…一致，符合Priceincreasesinlinewithdemandofthemarket.

Students’behavioursmustbeinlinewithschoolrules.

使中國經(jīng)濟與國際接軌bringChina’seconomyinlinewithinternationalpracticesobserve:see,noticepoorly:badlyconsistently:fromthebeginningtotheend29/5030P4-5Itistruethat:althoughenlightened:sensible開明formalities:conventionalformsorprocedures形式，俗套spoilcommercialletters:makebusinessletterhardtowriteandhardtoreadspoil:v.tohaveabadeffectonsth.sothatitisnolongerattractive,enjoyable,useful,etcspoiltheenvironmentDon’tspoilyoursister’sbirthdaybycryingatherparty.

30/5031P4-5distantformality:oldrigidformsdealings:businesscontactsbekeptinthebackground:arenotallowedtobenoticedasmuchasanything:greatly,tremendouslyawfullynice:verywonderfulthroughout:fromthebeginningtotheendcheerio:(informal)good-bye31/5032P4-5examples

formalitiesofletters:1)2)3)DearSirInreplytoyourletterof23rdJune.YoursfaithfullyDearMr.JonesThankyouforyourrecentletter.MyregardstoyourwifeYourssincerelyDearFrankItwasawfullynicetogetyournotetheotherday.Cheeriofornowformalinformal32/5033P4-5pointtoillustrateStylevariesonascale,andcannotbemixed.Thesuitablestyleshouldbeadoptedforthesituationofuse.33/5034P6-7topicsentence?beaptto:tendto易于，傾向于SomestudentsareapttoarrivelateonMondays.Foodisapttodeteriorateinsummer.strike:impress給…以…印象strikesb.as…:

Howdidhestrikeyou?Hisjokedoesnotstrikemeasbeingfunnyatall.34/5035P6-7assooften:(informal)sth.happenssooftenthatitbecomesnormal往往Assoofteninmattersof/inthematterof/inthecaseof

Assooftenisthecase,whenyouhavetime,youhavenomoneyandwhenyouhavemoney,youhavenotime.constitute:tobetheelementsorpartsof;composewemaynotfeelanyofthatdistastethatconstitutesreactiontoacliché:Wemaynotthinkitdistastefulatall,whichistypicalofourfeelingaboutacliché.35/5036P6-7alltoo:much,very,muchmorethanisdesirable太high-flown:impressivebutwithouttoomuchrealmeaning高調(diào)，夸大spoken–informalwritten–formalalltoo:muchmorethanisdesirableindiscriminately:notthinkingcarefullybeforeone’schoicediscriminate:differentiate36/5037P6-7thisistoignore:thisdoesnotincludethehackneyed:remarksthatareboringandwithnomeaningbecausetheyhavebeenusedtoooftenthetautologous:statementsinwhichthesamethingissaidtwicewithdifferentwords贅述，同義重復(fù)verbiage:toomanyunnecessarywordsinspeechandwritingashowofsth.:delibratelyshowingafeeling,qualityetc.表現(xiàn)，賣弄，炫耀ashowofforce炫耀武力Sheisjustmakingashowofhertalent.37/5038P6-7just:fair,rightwoolliness:confusionwill:intention38/5039P6-7examples“incredibleinsight”“l(fā)oftyflightsofimagination;…”“Hisverseispackedwithspecialmeaning.”…pointtoillustrateCommoncollocationswhenusedindiscriminatelybecomeclichés,theuseofwhichshouldbeavoided,especiallyinwriting.

39/5040examples

pointtoillustrate

P2ridingabike(ametaphor)theartofcycling

theartofwritingLearntobeconventionalbeforetryingtobeoriginal.P3“freezinghot-ice-cream”“BitterSweet”“Thehandthatrockedthecradlehaskickedthebucket”Unconventionalitycansometimesproducespecialeffect,butitisbasedoncertainnorms.P4|5formalitiesofletters:1)DearSir2)DearMr.Jones3)DearFrankStylevariesonascale,andcannotbemixed.Thesuitablestyleshouldbeadoptedforthesituationofuse.P6|7“incredibleinsight”“l(fā)oftyflightsofimagination;…”“Hisverseispackedwithspecialmeaning”…Commoncollocationswhenusedindiscriminatelybecomeclichés,theuseofwhichshouldbeavoided,especiallyinwriting.40/5041Rhetoricaldevices

oxymoronoxymoron矛盾修飾法Afigureofspeechinwhichtwowordsofopposingmeaningsareusedtogethertoexpresstwocontrastingqualitiesinoneconceptfreezinghotice-creamBitterSweetTrueLiescruelkindnesslivingdeathchangelesschangefalselytrue

41/5042paradoxparadox

似非而是論點，似非而是雋語astatementorexpressionsosurprisinglyself-contradictoryastoprovokeusintoseekinganothersenseorcontextinwhichitwouldbetrueThehandthatrockedthecradlehaskickedthebucket.Morehaste,lessspeed.Ifwewantpeace,bepreparedforwar.There’snothingpermanentinlifebutchange.Themoreyougive,themoreyouhave.We’velearnedfromhistorythatwe‘velearnednothingfromhistory.Sometimesyouhavetobecrueltobekind.（比較：打是親，罵是愛。)

42/5043paradoxTheteachersofEnglishinChinateachEnglishsopoorlylargelybecausetheyteachgrammarsowell.Agoodteacherisonewhodoesallhecantomakehimselfunnecessary.Peoplehaveonethingincommon:theyarealldifferent.Sometimesthemosturgentandvitalthingyoushoulddoistotakeacompleterest.

于無聲處聽驚雷。此時無聲勝有聲。他窮得只剩下錢了。不知道自己無知，就是最大無知。

43/5044synecdochesynecdoche

提喻afigureofspeechinwhichatermisusedinoneofthefollowingways:thewholethepart(地理局部除外）thegeneralthespecificthematerialtheobjectSynecdocheisaspecialcaseofmetonymy(借代).

44/5045synecdochethewholethepartThehandthatrockedthecradlehaskickedthebucket.(themother)Hehasmanymouthstofeedinhisfamily.(people)Theywereshortofhandsatharvesttime.(workers)Thepoormanisnowleftwithoutaroof.(ahouse)newfaces(newpeople)Thefoxgoe