獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)第1頁一．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:狀語有時(shí)能夠由一個(gè)名詞或代詞和另一成份組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2.結(jié)構(gòu):

名詞/代詞+分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語。

這一結(jié)構(gòu)在句中能夠表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況。第2頁(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí),分詞應(yīng)有自己邏輯主語,組成份詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。普通位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時(shí),常放在句首。

1.Thisproblemsettled,theyleftthemeeting–room.2.Timepermitting,we`llgothereonfoot.3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.

第3頁(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.2.Heenteredthehouse,hisnoseredwithcold.

(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋（being)副詞Heputonhissocks，wrongsideout.第4頁(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeout.第5頁（Ⅴ）名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，假如邏輯主語與介詞短語中名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.2.Flagonshoulder,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.第6頁(Ⅵ)有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

詞或詞組，省去分詞普通是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。1.Breakfast(being)over,hewenttoschool.2.Therebeingnocauseforalarm,shewentbacktoherroom.3.Theroombeingpaintednow,wecan'tgothere.第7頁二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中能夠作狀語或定語。第8頁（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生動(dòng)作。

Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成動(dòng)作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

第9頁(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.第10頁(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。

__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.第11頁三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化（Ⅰ）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時(shí)，普通可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；另外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時(shí)間狀語

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

第12頁（２）作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.第13頁(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.第14頁(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

第15頁(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)能夠作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.第16頁1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because鞏固練習(xí)第17頁4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

第18頁8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!第19頁非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中語法重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，咱們經(jīng)常對此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要了解并掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞各種形式特點(diǎn)，做起題來會(huì)很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。

第20頁一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold.B.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedA

C

BC

C第21頁二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍含有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.

2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.ItbeingAD第22頁三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedABBD第23頁四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

CAB第24頁看看獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其它句式結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】輕易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最正確答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈髣?dòng)詞invited并不是一個(gè)完整謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在invited前加上助動(dòng)詞were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A

第25頁(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.

(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

BBA第26頁OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogeth