Unit-2-Little-House-in-the-Big-Woods市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎

LittleHouseintheBigWoodsByLauraIngallsWilder

1/32LauraIngallsWilderlivedinAmerica146yearsago.Laura’sfamilywerepioneersandshehadmanyadventuresastheytravelledthroughwoods,overprairies（大草原）andacrossriversintheircoveredwagon（篷車）.2/323/32AboutLauraIngallsWilder

LauraIngallsWilderwasborninPepin,Wisconsin,inFebruary1867.ShewasthesecondoffourdaughtersborntoCaroline(Quiner)andCharlesPhilipIngalls.Wilder'searlylifewasspentconstantlymovingfromplacetoplace.Herfathercalledhimselfapioneermananddreamedofgoingwesttoexploreandsettleonunknownterritory.Theytravelledthroughthickwoods,overbarrenprairies,throughtheswollenMississippi,andovericywatersallintheircoveredwagon.TheymovedfromMissouri,toKansas,toWisconsin,toMinnesota,toIowaandfinallysettledinDeSmet,SouthDakota,whereherfatherclaimedahomestead.4/32BackgroundKnowledge50stars:50states13stripes:13colonies5/326/327/32(Feb.7,1867–Feb.10,1957)LittleHouseintheBigWoods(1932)FarmerBoy(1933)LittleHouseonthePrairie(1935)OntheBanksofPlumCreek(1937)BytheShoresofSilverLake(1939)

TheLongWinter(1940)LittleTownonthePrairie(1941)TheseHappyGoldenYears(1943)OntheWayHome(1962)TheFirstFourYears(1971)TheRoadBack()theLittleHouseseries8/32AboutthestoryLaura'sdaughterRosegrewuplisteningtohermother'sstoriesofthosepioneerdays.Sheurgedhermothertowritethemdownsothatotherchildrencouldenjoythemaswell.Sointhe1930sand40s,Laurarecordedhermemoriesofthosedaysoflongagoinachildren'sseriesknownastheLittleHousebookswhichincludesLittleHouseintheBigWood(1932)

FarmerBoy(1933)

LittleHouseonthePrairie(1935)

OntheBanksofPlumCreek(1937)

BytheShoresofSilverLake(1939)

TheLongWinter(1940)

LittleTownonthePrairie(1941)

ThoseHappyGoldenYears(1943)9/32《大森林里小木屋》世界兒童文學(xué)經(jīng)典名著、全球童書最高榮譽紐伯瑞大獎作品。暢銷全球近80年，被翻譯成40各種文字出版，已被拍成了系列電視劇、TV動畫和多部電影。美國圖書館協(xié)會、美國童書書商協(xié)會推薦少年兒童必讀書。10/32OurLittleHouseintheBigWoodsWisconsin威斯康星州Aloghouse11/32Culturalbackgroundnotes1.

WestwardMovementinAmerica

WestwardmovementinAmericacarriedsettlersacrossAmerica,fromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificOcean.Thewestwardmovementbeganintheearly1600'swithEuropeansettlementsalongtheAtlanticCoastofNorthAmerica.Itcontinueduntilthelate1800's.Bythattime,thewesternfrontiersoftheUnitedStateshadbeenconquered.AnabundanceoflandandothernaturalresourcesluredAmerica‘spioneerswestward.Furtraders,cattleranchers（大牧場主）,farmers,andminersledthepushtothewest.Merchantsandotherbusinesspeoplefollowed.12/32Culturalbackgroundnotes

Thesehard-workingmenandwomenfacedgreatdangers,enduredseverehardships,andsufferedlonelinessandboredominthehopeofmakingabetterlifeforthemselvesandtheirchildren.Someofthemlookedtothewestforwealthoradventure.Otherssoughttoimprovetheirsocialpositionorincreasetheirpoliticalpower.

Thepioneersstruggledwestwardacrosshills,mountains,andprairiesonfootandonhorseback.SomefloatedthroughtheErieCanalonbarges（駁船）ortraveleddownriversonflatboatsandsteamboats.Otherscrossedtheruggedwildernessincoveredwagons.Formanypioneers,theCumberlandGap,theOregonTrail,andotherroadswestbecamepathstoopportunity.13/32(1)

Patternsofmigration.

Foralmost300years,thewestwardmovementinfluencedAmericanhistory.However,thewestwardflowofpeoplewasnotconstant.MigrationhaltedwhenIndianhostilitiesorwarswithothernationsmadethefrontiersunsafe.Butoncepeacewasrestored,pioneersresumedtheirwestwardmarch.Peoplealsotendedtomigrateduringprosperoustimes,whenmoneywasavailable.Duringperiodsofdepression,migrationoftenslowedtoatrickle.Sometimes,asinthecaseoftheGreatPlains,technologyspurredsettlement.Theinventionofbarbedwire（帶刺鐵絲網(wǎng)）andimprovementsinthewindmill（風(fēng)車）andinfarmmachineryhelpedopentheGreatPlainstosettlers.2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement14/322.

ResultsofWestwardMovement(2)Thefrontierinfluence.Thefrontierwasmorethanaplaceonamap.ItwasanexperiencethatshapedmanyAmericaninstitutionsandideas.Thefrontierenvironmentpresentedchallengesthatproducedcreativesolutions.Forexample,frontiersettlementsweremuchlesscomplexthantheestablishedcommunitiesoftheEast.Asaresult,pioneerssetupsimpleformsofgovernmentthatmetfrontierneeds.Similarly,theelaboratesocialcustomsoftheEastgavewaytothesimplerpleasuresofbarndancesandcornhuskingcontests.

15/32

Thefrontierexperiencepromoteddemocracy.EstablishedleadersrarelymigratedfromtheEast,andsothefrontierbroughtawiderangeofpeopleintogovernment.Classlinesalsoblurredinfrontiersocieties.Itbecamedifficulttodistinguishapermanentupperorlowerclassbecauseanyonemightstrikeitrichorsufferasetback.Thefrontier'sabundantresourceswereequallyavailabletoall.

Thefrontierexperiencealsoencouragedthedevelopmentofcertain"American"characteristics.Frontierswereisolatedplaces,andsopioneershadtomakemanyitemstheymightotherwisehavetradedfororbought.2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement16/32Theybuilttheirownhousesandbarnsandproducedtheirownfood.Theymadetheirowncandles,clothing,furniture,pots,tools,andothernecessities.Asjacksofalltrades,pioneersbecameinventiveandself-reliant.Inaddition,frontiersofferedopportunitiesforsuccesstothosewhoworkedhard.Asaresult,pioneerstendedtobeoptimisticaboutthefutureandconcernedwithmaterialwealth.Boastfulnessandself-confidenceemergedasfrontiertraitsaswell.

Unfortunately,thepioneersalsobecameextremelywastefulbecausetheylivedamongsuchplentifulnaturalresources.Pioneerscutdownvastareasofforests,lostlargeamountsofgoldandothermineralsincarelessminingoperations,andexhaustedthesoil.

2.

ResultsofWestwardMovement17/32

ThecontinualpursuitofabetterlifemadeAmericansmorerestlessthantheirEuropeanancestors.TheFrenchhistorianAlexisdeTocquevilleremarkedthatinAmerica"amanbuildsahousetospendhisoldage,andhesellsitbeforetheroofison....Hebringsafieldintotillageandleavesothermentogatherthecrops;heembracesaprofessionandgivesitup;hesettlesinaplace,whichhesoonafterwardsleavestocarryhischangeablelongingselsewhere."Aspeoplemovedfromplacetoplace,theylosttheirattachmenttoaspecificregion.Theybegantoidentifymorewiththenationasawholeandtoseethemselvesas"Americans."Inthatway,thewestwardmovementpromotednationalism.Manyhistoriansbelievethatsuchfrontiertraitsasnationalism,inventiveness,andoptimismsurviveintheAmericancharactertoday..18/321776年美國獨立時，只據(jù)有大西洋沿岸地域，面積約40萬平方英里。而它西部，是6．5倍于當(dāng)初美國本土“處女地”。1784、1785和1787年制訂三個土地法，是美國開發(fā)西部綱領(lǐng)：

一,宣告西部土地國有化

二,決定將公地向自由移民開放

三,要求在西部建立新州必須采取共和制，并不得實施強迫勞動。

西部開發(fā)在美國國內(nèi)引發(fā)了大規(guī)模移民運動。成千上萬獨立農(nóng)民得以在如此遼闊土地上不受任何封建殘余束縛地自由發(fā)展，并以自由土地開發(fā)為中心形成農(nóng)業(yè)、礦業(yè)、城鎮(zhèn)和鐵路全方面開發(fā)格局，組成了美國西部開發(fā)經(jīng)典時期.———節(jié)選自《人民日報》19/32Class-readingWhathappened?HerfamilymembersWhydidhermotherslapabear?Howdidtheygetsugarinthewoods?20/32strap:v.用帶捆扎n.帶子；皮帶；snugglevt.&vi.依偎；舒適地蜷伏；緊靠；擁抱21/32QuestionsWheredidthefamilylive?Whatdidthefatherdoonemorning?Canyoudescribethesurroundingsofthelittlehouse?WhatdidMadowhenherhusbanddidn’tcomebackonenight?Aftertheysawthebear,whatdidMaandLaurado?Whatdidtheyseeinthebarnyard?Whatdidtheythinkofthebear?Weretheysafeintheend?Whatdidthefatherbringback?22/32Readthepassageandunderlinethewordsunfamiliartoyou,orthesentencesyoucannotunderstand.Afterreading,finishExAandB,onpage20and21.Trytotellusthemainideaofthispassage.

Readthepassage23/32.Thewoodsweredark,buttherewasagraylightonthesnowypath,andintheskytherewereafewfaintstars.森林里已經(jīng)暗下來。鋪滿白雪小路隱隱泛著灰色光，夜空中懸掛著幾顆暗淡星星。24/32

Itssideswereoftin,withplacescutinthemforthecandle-lighttoshinethrough.燈籠壁是用錫皮做,上面有一些豁口，方便燭光透出來。Theprepositionofheremeansmadefrom.e.g.Thedressisofsilk.Thecrownisofgold.25/32

Thesunsankoutofsight,thewoodsgrewdark,andhedidnotcome.Mastartedsupperandsetthetable,buthedidnotcome.Itwastimetodothechores,andstillhehadnotcome.

太陽已經(jīng)不見了,森林也漸漸暗了下來,爸爸沒有回來。媽媽準(zhǔn)備好晚餐,擺好了桌子,父親還是沒有回來。到了平時干雜活時間,他依然沒有回來Notethatthesentencehedidnotcomehasbeenrepeatedthreetimesinthisshortparagraph.TherepetitionstressestheanxietywithwhichthechildrenarewaitingforPa'scomingback.26/32Mawasworried,butPasaidthatbystartingbeforesun-upandwalkingveryfastalldayhecouldgethomeagainbeforedark.

（媽媽很擔(dān)心。但父親說，假如日出前就出發(fā)，而且快些走，他能夠在天黑前趕回來。）Sun-upisanAmericanexpressionforsunrise.NotethatsometimesAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavedifferentwordsforthesamething.27/32

Pasaidhemustgototowntotradethefursofthewildanimalshehadbeentrappingallwinter.

（父親說他必須去城里一趟,賣掉他一冬捕捉獸皮。）Thewordtradeisoftenusedasan