高中一輪復習英語話題閱讀集訓（四）自然與環(huán)境

話題閱讀集訓（四）自然與環(huán)境Ⅰ.閱讀理解ALookingforaperfectdestinationforyourupingtrip?Whetheryouarelookingforarelaxingwalkingexperienceoranin-depthcitydiscovery,Austriacouldbeagoodchoice.ClimateAustriaislocatedinatemperateclimaticzonewithaCentralEuropeanclimateinfluencedbytheAtlanticclimate.Thefourseasons(spring,summer,fallandwinter)eachhavetypicaltemperatureandclimaticcharacters.Duetotheposition'sdiversityandtherelativelylargewest-eastexpanse,therearetwoquitedifferentclimaticregions：EastInthePannonianPlainandalongtheDanubevalley,theclimateshowscontinentalfeatures—lowrainfall,hotsummersbutonlymoderately(適中)coldwinters.AlpineRegion(高山區(qū))Alpineclimate—highrainfall(exceptinnerAlpinevalleyregionssuchastheupperInntal),shortsummers,longwinters.TemperaturesSummer—upto95degreesFahrenheit/average:68degreesFahrenheitWinter—upto14degreesFahrenheit/average:32degreesFahrenheitRemindersofthecountryTransientclimateinfluencedbytheAtlantic(intheWest)andacontinentalinfluenceintheSoutheast.Beforestartingyourwalkorhikeinthemountainspleaseinformyourselfaboutthepresentweatherconditions,dangerofavalanches(雪崩)orrouteconditions.Warningsoflocalsshouldnotbeignored.TraveltimesThebesttimeforhikingandwalkingtoursortovisitacityisfromApriltoOctober.ThepeakseasonforsummervacationisJulyandAugust.ThebesttimetoenjoyyourwintervacationisfromDecembertoMarch.語篇解讀：本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了奧地利的氣候、溫度、最佳旅游時間等。1．WhichisthecharacteristicoftheeasternregionofAustria?A．Ithaslongandcoldwinters.B．Itrarelyrainsallyearround.C．Itsweatherisquitechangeable.D．Itswintertemperaturecanreach14°F.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據Climate部分的內容，尤其是“l(fā)owrainfall”可知，奧地利東部地區(qū)的降雨量較少；由此可知，奧地利東部地區(qū)一年到頭都很少下雨。故選B。2．Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodobeforetheyhikeinthemountains?A．Talkwiththelocals.B．Plantherouteindetail.C．Getsuitablehikingequipment.D．Confirmreal-timeinformationneeded.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據“Remindersofthecountry”部分中的“Beforestartingyourwalk...orrouteconditions.”可知，在開始徒步旅行和遠足之前，要知道天氣情況，雪崩的危險和路況；也就是說，在徒步旅行之前，要確認需要的實時信息。故選D。3．WhenisthebesttimetovisitanAustriancity?A．January. B．March.C．August. D．December.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據“Traveltimes”部分中的“ThebesttimeforhikingandwalkingtoursortovisitacityisfromApriltoOctober.”可知，參觀奧地利城市的最佳時間是4月至10月；再結合四個選項可知答案為C。BMadagascar,anislandnationoffthesoutheasterncoastofAfrica,ishometosomeofthemostunusualanimalsintheworld.Butmanyofthesespeciesmaybeindanger.Bushesandlow-lyingplantshavestartedtotakeuptoomuchspaceontheforestfloor,providingfuelforwildfires.SoscientistsareconsideringusinggianttortoisestohelppreventtheforestfiresandtherebyhelpthenativewildlifeinMadagascar.Why?Longago,gianttortoiseslivedalloverMadagascar.Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.Theyalsospreadtheseedsofnativetrees—keepingtheecosystemincheck.Butwhenhumanssettledontheislandover2,000yearsago,huntingcausedthegianttortoisesnativetotheislandtobeeextinct.Now,scientistsplantoship300closerelativesoftheextinctMadagascarantortoisestotheisland.Theyhopethatthesetortoiseswillspreadtheseedsofnativeplantsandchow_down_ontheextrabushes—justliketheirrelativesdidlongago.Tofindtherelatives,scientistsstudiedthefossils(化石)ofMadagascar'sextinctgianttortoises.TheydiscoveredthattheywereactuallyverysimilartoanothergroupofgianttortoisesthatliveontheAldabraAtoll,agroupofislandsintheIndianOcean.WhenthetortoisesfirstarriveinMadagascar,theywillliveinanareaclosedofffromtherestofthewildlife.There,researcherswillwatchthetortoises'everymovetoseehowtheywillreacttothenativeplants.Ifallgoeswell,thetortoiseswillbereleased(放出)intothewild.Similarpracticehasbeensuccessfulinotherplaces.TaketheislandofRodrigues,locatedeastofMadagascar,forexample.Sevenyearsago,tortoiseswerebroughtthere.Nowtheyarespreadingseedsandkeepingthebushesfromtakingover.IfthesamethingworksinMadagascar,thegianttortoisesmaybeusedtohelpoutotherforestsaroundtheworld.語篇解讀：非洲島國馬達加斯加為防止森林火災和保持生態(tài)平衡，考慮引進一種巨型龜。4．Theunderlinedphrase“chowdownon”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．walkaround B．eatupC．gothrough D．livewith解析：選B詞義猜測題。根據第三段第二句中“justliketheirrelativesdidlongago”和第二段中的“Theyateupmanyplantsthatgrewontheforestfloor.”可推知，“chowdownon”在句中意為“吃掉”。5．HowwillresearchersdealwiththetortoisestobeintroducedtoMadagascar?A．Theywilldoanexperimentwiththem.B．Theywillalwayskeepthemoffthewildlife.C．Theywillmakethemadapttonativeplantsgradually.D．TheywillparethemwiththeextincttortoisesinMadagascar.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段內容可知，在引進新的烏龜品種時，科學家們先要將它們關在一個特定的區(qū)域，觀察它們是否適應當地的植物，如果一切順利的話，再考慮將它們放到自然界中。也就是說，要先做一個實驗，觀察它們的反應。6．BymentioningtheislandofRodrigues,theauthortriestoshow________.A．theimportanceoftheforestsB．tortoisesarewidelyspreadallovertheworldC．itusedtohavethesameproblemasMadagascarD．thegianttortoisescanbringhopetoMadagascar解析：選D寫作意圖題。結合最后一段信息可推斷出，作者介紹在羅得里格斯島上成功引進烏龜的例子，是想說明烏龜有望改善馬達加斯加的環(huán)境。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Tortoisesetotherescue!B．Madagascar'snativetortoisesbroughttolife!C．TroublescausedbytoomanybushesD．Therelationshipbetweentortoisesandforests解析：選A標題歸納題。第一段最后一句為本文主旨句。全文主要介紹島國馬達加斯加為防止森林火災和保持生態(tài)平衡，考慮引進一種巨型龜。etotherescue前來營救。CForenvironmentalreasons,Britainwillbanallnewpetrol-anddiesel-poweredvehiclesfromitsroadsbeginningin23years,agovernmentreportsays.Theplan,expectedWednesday,aimstostartremovingpetrolanddieselenginesin2040.ItfollowsasimilarofficialstatementinFranceandesaftertheBritishgovernmentwasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.Judgesruledthatpreviousclean-airplanswerenotenoughtomeetEuropeanUnionpollutionlimitsintheingyears.Britain'sgovernmenthassaidthepoorairqualityhasanunnecessaryandavoidablenegativeeffectoncitizens'health,andcostsuptoD|S3.5billioninannuallostproductivity.PartofthenewplaninvolvesanofferofD|S260milliontolocalgovernmentstochangeruleswherevehicleemissions(排放物)areoverEUstandards.Ideassofarincludechangingroadlayouts,reprogrammingtrafficlightsandchargingafeefortheoldestandmostpollutingcarsontheroad.TheplanalsoincludesDS|1.3billionforgovernmentpurchaseofextreme-low-emissionvehicles,nearlyD|S130milliontoimproveinfrastructureforelectricvehiclechargingstationsandD|S378millionforremodelingexistingvehicles.Climatechangeisalsoareasonfortheplantogetthesevehiclesofftheroad.“Wecan'tcarryonwithpetrolanddieselcars，”EnvironmentSecretaryMichaelGovesaid.“It'simportantweallprepareforasignificantchangewhichdealsnotjustwiththeproblemsofhealthcausedbyemissions,butthebroaderproblemscausedintermsofacceleratingclimatechange.”Goveaddedthatlocalmunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforingupwithwaystolimitemissions,includingpossiblelimitationsonmuters(上下班往返的人)andtheadditionofcleanermasstransportationoptions.Localleadersarecalledontodrawup“appropriateplans”todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemissions,hesaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。由于環(huán)境因素的考慮，英國政府制定逐步禁止以汽油和柴油為動力的車輛上路的新計劃。8．WhydoestheBritishgovernmentdecideonthisban?A．Tofocusonitscitizens'health.B．TofollowinFrance'sfootsteps.C．Torespondtothecourt'srequest.D．Topromotesolarenergyintransport.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段的內容以及第二段中的“Itfollows...wasorderedbytheHighCourttodevelopnewplanstoreduceNO2intheair.”可知，英國政府之所以下達這樣的禁令是因為這是英國最高法院的要求，也就是對法院要求的回應。故選C。9．WhichmeasuremaytheBritishgovernmenttaketoachieveitsplan?A．Limitingthenumberoftrafficlights.B．Changingthewayroadsarearranged.C．Removingoldandhigh-emissionvehicles.D．Investinginpanieswithelectricvehicles.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段第二句可知，英國政府可能采取的措施包括改變道路布局、重新對交通信號燈進行程序編寫以及對最舊和污染最嚴重的車輛收費。故選B。10．WhatcanbeinferredfromGove'swords?A．Unitedeffortsareneededtofulfilltheplan.B．Convenientpublictransportationisbadlyneeded.C．Vehicleemissionsarethekeyfactorinclimatechange.D．Petrolanddieselcarsmayholdbackeconomicprogress.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據最后兩段的內容尤其是“l(fā)ocalmunitiesarepartlyresponsibleforingupwithwaystolimitemissions”“Localleadersarecalledontodrawup‘appropriateplans’todealwithclimatechallengesrelatedtoemissions”，再結合上文中提到的政府所做的努力可知，要實現禁止以汽油和柴油為動力的車輛上路這個計劃，需要多方的共同努力。故選A。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．PracticalwaystoreducevehicleemissionsB．TheEUforcesBritaintoimprovethepoorairqualityC．BritainplanstotakepetrolanddieselenginesoffroadsD．Relationshipbetweenvehicleemissionsandclimatechange解析：選C標題歸納題。縱觀全文，尤其是第一段的內容可知，本文主要講述的是英國政府計劃逐步禁止以汽油和柴油為動力的車輛上路。故選C。DThetouristseingroups,aboardbuses,bicyclesandcampingvehicles.Theystandatthewater'sedgeinawe(贊嘆)oftheicebergsfloatingbeforethem—someaswhiteassnow,othersradiatingadeepblue.Theytakeaquickdeepbreathwhenapiecebreaksoffandfallsintothecoldwater.J?kulsárlónglacierlagoon(環(huán)礁湖)insoutheastIcelandisoneofthecountry'stopattractions.Itisalsoavividwarningoftheglacier'spredicteddisappearance,adamagingconsequenceofclimatechangeinanationwheretheseslow-movingriversoficeareaculturalandsocialsymbol.Itlookscenturiesold,butthelagoononlyappearedinthemid-1930swhentheBreieamerkurj?kullglacierstartedtoretreat(范圍縮小).DeclaredanaturereserveinJuly,itisnowthecountry'sdeepestlakeandgrowingbiggereveryday.Vatnaj?kull,thelargesticecapinIcelandandthesourceofBreieamerkurj?kull,isthinningrapidlyduetorisingglobaltemperaturesandcouldbepletelygonein200years,scientistssay.Otherglaciersmayvanishmuchearlier.“AllglaciersinIcelandareretreatingatanunbelievablepace，”saidOddurSigurdsson,ageologistattheIcelandicMeteorologicalOffice(IMO)whohasstudiedthemfor30years.TheirgoingawayleadstogreatchangesinIceland'sweatherpatterns,waterflows,animalsandplants,volcanicactivityandland,accordingtotheIMO.Icelandisbeinggreenerandsomeofitslandisrisingasclimatechangegatherspace,bringingeconomicandotherconsequences.“Justseeingthemdisappearingisveryheartbreaking，”saidAgnesGunnarsdottir,CEOofPerlanMuseum.Itisholdinganexhibitiononglacierstoeducatepeopleontheeffectofclimatechangeontheenvironment.Sheremembersvisitinghergrandparents'homeinthecountrysidewhenVatnaj?kullwasmuchlarger.“Weareseeingthisinourlifetime.It'schangingsoquickly—it'sveryfrightening.Ifeartheglacierwilldisappearpletelyinthenearfuture，”shesaid.語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文，講述的是與冰島的冰川融化相關的內容。12．WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJ?kulsárlónglacierlagoon?A．ItistheculturalsymbolofIceland.B．Ithasahistoryofseveralhundredsyears.C．Itsexpansionresultsfromicebergs'shrinking.D．ItisthemostpopulartouristattractionofIceland.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Itlookscenturiesold...growingbiggereveryday.”可知，J?kulsárlón冰川環(huán)礁湖的擴大是冰山融化即減少的結果。故選C。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish”inParagraph3mean?A．Disappear. B．Swing.C．Expand. D．Break.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據第三段第一句可知，科學家說由于全球氣溫的上升，Vatnaj?kull變薄的速度很快，它可能200年后會完全消失。據此可知，畫線詞所在句的意思應是“其他冰川可能消失得早得多”。畫線詞與上文中的“gone”意思相近，意為“消失”。故選A。14．What'sthelastbutoneparagraphmainlyabout?A．Reasonsforglaciers'melting.B．Possibleeffectsofglaciers'melting.C．TheimportanceofglacierstoIceland.D．Theformationandmovementofglaciers.解析：選B段落大意題。根據倒數第二段的內容，尤其是“Theirgoingawayleadstogreatchangesin...andland”“bringingeconomicandotherconsequences”可知，本段主要講的是冰川融化可能會帶來的影響。故選B。15．WhatisAgnesGunnarsdottir'sattitudetowardthechangeofIcelandglaciers?A．Ambiguous. B．Disapproving.C．Concerned. D．Cautious.解析：選C觀點態(tài)度題。根據最后一段內容，尤其是“Weareseeingthisinourlifetime.It'schangingsoquickly—it'sveryfrightening.Ifeartheglacierwilldisappearpletelyinthenearfuture”可知，AgnesGunnarsdottir擔心冰島的冰川在不遠的將來會全部消失。故選C。Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasahot,sunnydayinanationalforest.Unfortunately,mybestfriend,Ned,andIgot__1__.Oncewerealizedthatwewereseparatedfromourgroup,we__2__triedtofindasafeplacetosetupourbase.Wefoundasmallareanexttoa__3__.Thenwestartedafirewithsomeleavesandsticks__4__nearby.WhileIwas__5__thefire,Nedbroughtmore__6__，whichwereputinthewaterandthenslowlythrownintothefire.The__7__leavescreatedalotofsmoke.Thenwestartedtowritesome__8__notessaying,“WEARELOST!Ifyoufindthis__9__，youwillfindusupstream.Wearekeepingupa(n)__10__fire.Pleasefindus！”Theyweremadeintopaper__11__andsentdownstream,oneeveryfiveminutes.We__12__thattheseboatswoulddrawsomebody'sattention.__13__ourgroupwaswellontheirway,wewantedtobereadyforthem.NedandIstartedto__14__twohollowlogs(空心圓木)andsomestrongsticks.Oursmallfire__15__producedplentyofsmoke.Soonwewerevery__16__tohearwhistles(口哨)farinthedistance.Itmusthavebeenthesmokethatworked.Nowitwastimetostart__17__onthehollowlogs.Weenjoyedthispart__18__wegottosingandshoutalongwiththebeat(節(jié)拍).Soonafter,wewere__19__byourgroupandweheadedbacktoourcampwitha(n)__20__storytotell.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己和朋友在森林中同團隊走散并最終被找到的經歷。1．A.hurt B．drunkC．punished D．lost解析：選D由下文的“wewereseparatedfromourgroup”可知，“我”和Ned“走失(lost)”了。2．A.immediately B．possiblyC．suddenly D．recently解析：選A我們試圖“馬上(immediately)”找一個安全的落腳點。3．A.car B．roomC．stream D．factory解析：選C下文的“downstream”是提示。4．A.missed B．collectedC．bought D．borrowed解析：選B由該空前的“westartedafirewithsomeleavesandsticks”可知，我們用“收集(collected)”來的樹葉和木棍生起了火。5．A.making B．catchingC．puttingout D．watchingover解析：選D由下文的“Wearekeepingupa(n)__10__fire.