中考英語復(fù)習(xí)專項-名詞

中考復(fù)習(xí)專項（一）名詞Noun名詞

名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西，也可以表示抽象的東西。Revision1—名詞分類1.專有名詞2.普通名詞人名、地名、國名JohnSmith；Beijing；China組織、團體、機構(gòu)、報刊WTO（世貿(mào)）；ChinaDaily（中國日報）時間、語言、月份、節(jié)日Sunday；English；January；SpringFestival由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，一般前面加thetheGreatWall專有名詞人名、地方、機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，首字母通常要大寫

考點自測1.

istheworld’shighestpeak.Fewpeoplecanclimbtothetop.A.MountQomolangmaB.MountEmeiC.MountTaiD.MountHuang2.

isthemostimportantfestivalinChina.A.ChristmasB.TheSpringFestivalC.ThanksgivingDayD.NationalDay3.

Dayiscoming.Iwillbuysome

forMissWu.A.Teacher’s；flowerB.Teachers’；flowersC.Teachers’；flowerD.Teacher’s；flowers4.Tu

Youyou

won

China’s

first

Nobel

Prize

in

Medicine

in

___________(十月),

2015.ABBOctober可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：doctor；gun集體名詞表示若干個體組成的集合體，如：family；police不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示物質(zhì)或不具備確定形狀和大小的實物，如：cotton；air抽象名詞表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：health；happiness；work普通名詞考點一：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化規(guī)則讀音例詞大多數(shù)名詞，直接加-s結(jié)尾是清輔音的讀［s］結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音的讀［z］desk→desksfriend→friends以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞，加-es讀［iz］bus→busesfox→foxesmatch→matchesdish→dishes以“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”的名詞，將y改為i，再加-es讀［z］candy→candies元音字母+y

結(jié)尾的名詞，加-s讀［z］boy→boys以o結(jié)尾的名詞，表示有生命的物體，加-es；表示無生命的物體，加-s讀［z］tomato→tomatoespiano→pianos以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將f或fe改為-ves讀［vz］life→livesleaf→leaves考點一：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2.可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化（1）改變名詞中的元音字母如：woman→womenpoliceman→policemen（2）名詞后面加en或ren如：ox→oxen(公牛)child→children（3）單復(fù)數(shù)同形如：deer；fish；sheep考點一：可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)3.使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該注意的問題(1)

有些名詞通常只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：clothes，trousers。(2)

有些名詞從形式上看是復(fù)數(shù)，實際意義表示的是單數(shù)，其后的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。如：physics，maths。(3)由兩個名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞，通常由第一個名詞作定語修飾另一個名詞，

作為定語的那個名詞通常都用單數(shù)形式，但是man和woman除外。如：aboystudent→threeboystudentsaman/womanteacher→threemen/womenteacher

4)表示“某國人”的單復(fù)數(shù)變化：中日不變，英法變，其他-s加后面（Swiss瑞士人除外）。如：aChinese(Japanese)→sixChinese(Japanese)anEnglishman→sevenEnglishmenanAmerican→fourAmericansaSwiss→threeSwiss

考點自測1.Five______teachersareteachingthose______studentspatiently.A．women；boy B．women；boys C．woman；boy D．woman；boys2.—How

many

________(tooth)

does

a

dog

have?

—Sorry,

I

have

no

idea.

Let’s

search

on

the

Internet.

.3.Miss

Green

advised

us

to

decorate

a

card

for

each

other

with

those________(leaf).

4.

It’s

a

good

idea

to

give

your

father

a

________(夾克衫)

as

a

gift

on

June

19,Father’sDay.5.

This

bookstore

sells

many

English

___________(dictionary).

You

canchoose

what

you

like.Ateethleavesjacketdictionaries考點二：不可數(shù)名詞1.

不可數(shù)名詞單作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Knowledgeispower.知識就是力量1.Theadvicefromtheteacher

sousefulthatIpassedtheexamatlast.A.wasB.isC.wereD.areA

考點自測考點二：不可數(shù)名詞2.

不可數(shù)名詞可以由some，much，little，alotof，lotsof，plentyof等詞修飾。如：Theyhavesavedmuchmoneyforfutureuse.他們存了很多錢以備未來使用。1.—HowcanIgetsome

aboutthe2016OlympicGames?—WhynotsearchtheInternet?A.informationB.experienceC.practiceD.success2.Ourteachersusuallygiveussome

onhowtofacethedifficultiesandchallenges

.A.advice；braveB.advices；braveC.advices；bravelyD.advice；bravelyAD

考點自測考點二：不可數(shù)名詞3.不可數(shù)名詞可以與apieceof，alotof，acupof，plentyof

等連用。如:apieceofpaper

一張紙

adropofwater

一滴水1.Youpaid￥10for

thismorning.

A.4bottlemilksB.4bottlesofmilkC.4bottlesofmilksD.4milkB

考點自測考點三：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞不確定量的表達方法(1)

few，afew，many，several，a(large，small)numberof

+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(2)

little，alittle，much，alarge(small)amountof，agreatdealof

+不可數(shù)名詞(3)some，any，plentyof，enough，alotof(lotsof)

+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞如：Thereisplentyofwaterinthebottle.

瓶子里有大量的水。

Alargenumberofpeoplelikeplayingbasketball.

很多人喜歡打籃球。1.

—Therearealotof

ofbikeriding.—Iagree.It’sgoodfortheenvironmentanditsavesmoney.

A.instructionsB.instrumentsC.advantagesD.products2.Youaresupposedtobemorecarefultomakefewer

whileyouarewriting.

A.troubleB.matterC.mistakesD.problems

C

C

考點自測Revision2—名詞所有格1.有生命的名詞所有格2.無生命的名詞所有格3.雙重所有格（1）單數(shù)名詞的所有格加’s

如：thelittlegirl’sdoll（2）以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格只加’如：thestudents’books不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格加’s如：children’sbooks（3）表示某人家、店鋪等處所，所有格后的名詞可以省略如：atJones’（office）（4）表示兩人共有時，只在最后一個名詞后加’s如：LilyandLucy’sfather莉莉和露西的爸爸（5）表示兩人各自所有時，則兩個專有名詞都要用所有格形式，

而且后面所修飾的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：WangLin’sandLiKun’sfathers

王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸

有生命的名詞所有格1.—Mysister，Julie，doesn'tliketohaveshorthair．—Yeah．Herhairismuchlongerthan_____A．Aliceandmine B．AliceandmeC．Alice'sandmine's D．Alice'sandmine2.—

fathersdidn’tcometothemeeting.Why?—BecausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.A.Jeff’sandAmy’sB.JeffandAmyC.Jeff’sandAmyD.JeffandAmy’s3.TimesmagazinesaysthatsmartLegohasbecomeoneofthe

favoritetoys.A.childB.childrenC.children’sD.child’sACD

考點自測（1）無生命的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：thelegofthetable

桌子的腿（2）表示國家、時間、距離、重量和價值等的名詞通過

詞尾變化表示所有。如：China’sfuture

中國的未來

today’snewspaper

今天的報紙anhour’swalk/ride

一個小時的路程/車程無生命的名詞所有格1.Ilivenearthestation.It’sonlyaboutfive

walk.

A.minute’sB.minuteC.minutes’D.minutes2.Themascot(吉祥物)ofRio2016OlympicGamesis

goodluck.A.thenumberofB.thesymbolofC.thedayofD.thecolorofCB

考點自測（1）雙重所有格就是將of結(jié)構(gòu)與’s結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性物主

代詞一起使用如：afriendofTom’smother’s湯姆的媽媽的一個朋友afriendofmine

我的一個朋友（2）特殊例子：thekeytothedoor

門的鑰匙thewaytotheoffice

去辦公室的路雙重所有格1.Mr.Blackisateacherof

.Sheandherclassmateslikehimverymuch.

A.mysisterB.mysister’sC.mysistersD.mysisters’2.—Doyouknowtheboy

isplayingsoccerthere?

—Certainly.Heisafriendofmy

.A.who；brother’sB.whether；brotherC.whom；brother’sD.whose；brotherBA

考點自測中考名詞題型分析名詞所有格10.7%3題可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)39.3%11題不可數(shù)名詞

25%7題可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)14.3%4題專有名詞10.7%3題共28題1.

People

around

the

world

love

_________

(和平)

and

hate

wars.

2.People

like

travelling

in

_________

(春天)

because

it

is

neither

too

hot

nor

too

cold.

3.

Audrey

Hepburn

had

put

her

_________（努力）into

ballet

training

before

she

entered

the

film

industry.4.I’m

afraid

to

ride

a

roller

coasterespecially

when

it

moves

at

high_________（速度）.5.

More

volunteers

went

to

Nepal

after

the

earthquake.

I

really

admired

them

for

their

_________(勇氣).

（）6.

Have

you

noticed

the

_________(sad)

on

her

face?

What

has

happened

to

her?7.

People

around

the

world

all

love

p_________and

hate

wars.

不可數(shù)名詞

25%7題peacespringeffortspeedcouragesadnesseace1.

People

around

the

world

love

_________

(和平)

and

hate

wars.

7.

People

around

the

world

all

love

p_________and

hate

wars.

1.

—Where

can

I

buy

some

books,

Simon?

—Go

to

the

_______

in

the

shopping

mall

in

Old

Street.

You

will

findmany

books

there.

A.

restaurant

B.

bookshop

C.

cinema

D.

library2.

—What’s

your

father’s

_______

(職業(yè))?

—He

is

a

doctor.

3.

The

30th

Olympic

Games

will

be

held

in

London,

the

_______(首都)

of

England.4.Keep

a

_______(微笑)

all

the

time,

you?ll

have

a

happier

life.5.Daniel’s_______(夢想)

is

to

be

a

famous

director

in

the

future.6.In

most

homes，people

cook

meals

in

the

_______．A.bathroom

B.garden

C.bedroom

D.kitchen7.Mr

Green

works

as

a_______（老板）

in

a

big

company．9.Smith

had

a_________（discuss）

with

us

about

the

film

just

now.10.Everest

is

a

natural

_______(奇跡).

Many

people

expect

to

explore

it.

11.Look

at

the

statue.

It

has

stood

here

for

one_______a

period

of

100

years).

可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)39.3%11題BjobcapitalsmiledreamDbossdiscussionwonder