2024年高考英語模擬卷1全解全析（新高考Ⅰ卷）

2024高考仿真模擬卷01

英語

（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的考生號(hào)、姓名、考點(diǎn)學(xué)校、考場號(hào)及座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需要改動(dòng)，用橡皮

擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段

對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?

A.Bylearningatwork.B.Bywatchingonlinevideos.C.Byreadingtheinstructions.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon'twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.

M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don'tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeall

thesetools.

2.Whenwillthemancleanuphisroom?

A.Injusthalfanhour.B.Afterseeingthemovie.C.Beforegoingtothecinema.

【答案】B

【原文】W:Youalwaysthrowyourclotheseverywhere.Andyourshoesarealloverthefloor.

M:Sorry.ButcanIcleanupmyroomaftercomingbackfromthecinema?Themoviewillbegininhalfanhour.

W:OK.

3.WhydidMikegotoChina?

A.Tohaveabusinesstrip.

B.Tomeetwithhisboss.

C.Tolearnaboutteaculture.

【答案】A

【原文】W:John,isMikecomingforteatomorrow?

M:No.He'sinChinanow.Hisbosssenthimtheretotrainsomenewemployeeslastweek.

W:Oh,Itotallyforgotthat.

4.Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?

A.Theweatheristoohot.B.Thetimeisverytight.C.Theircarisbeingrepaired.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso'spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwantto

gowithme?

M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.

W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!

5.WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?

A.Thehorrorfilm.B.Thehistoricalfilm.C.Thesciencefictionfilm.

【答案】C

【原文】M:Hi,Lily.Whafsondowntown?

W,Hi.Mike.TheGrandTheaterhasahistoricalfilm.TheStarCinemahasasciencefictionfilm.Andthere?sa

horrorfilmintheSunshineTheater.

M:LefsgototheStarCinema,Theothertwofilmssoundboring.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每

段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whydoesthegirlwantababybrother?

A.Topleaseherdad.

B.Toenjoybeingabigsister.

C.Toraise"animalstogetherwithhim.

7.Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatlast?

A.Keepadog.B.Getacutecat.C.Lookafterherbrother.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】W:Dad,willIhaveababybrother?

M:Sweetie,I'mnotsurenow.Youhavehadtwoelderbrothers.Whydoyouwantababybrother?

W:Ithinkbeingabigsisterwillbesomuchfun!

M:Yes,youcanshareyourfavoritetoyswithhim.Andyoucanhavefuntogether.

W:Prettygood!ButIthinkIshouldkeepapetandlearntosharefirst.

M:Maybewecangetananimal,likeadogoracat.

W:Yay!Thatsoundswonderful.Icansharemytoyswithacutedog!

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.Howwillthewomandealwiththeproblemonthefrontpage?

A.Maketheletterslarger.

B.Deletethepooldesign.

C.Leavethepageblank.

9.Onwhichpagewillthewomanaddapicture?

A.Page2.B.Page4.C.Page5.

10.Whatcolorwastheprintofthepricesatfirst?

A.Black.B.Red.C.Blue.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A

【原文】M:Goodafternoon.I'mheretoreprintabrochureforourhotel.Somepagesneedrevising.

W:Whatexactlyistheproblem?

M:Well,someinformationisalreadyoutofdate.Therearealsoacoupleofproblemswiththedesign.Firstly,the

lettersonthefrontpagearefartoosmall.So,increasethelettersby3sizes.

W:OK,whatelse?

M:Theinformationregardingthepoolshouldbedeletedonpage2.

W:Butwecan'tjustleavethewholepageblank.

M:Justfillitinwiththeintroductionofournewly-openedgym.

W:Isee.

M:Whafsalsobotheringusisthedescriptionunderthetopphotoonpage4.Youcanreplacethewordwith

“reception”.

W:Isthatall?

M:No,thereismore.Turntopage5.You'dbetteruseapicturewiththeviewofthehotel.

W:OK.

M:Lefsturntothenextpage.Accordingtothecustomers,thepricesdonotstandout,sochangetheprintfrom

blacktoredorbluetomakeitpopout.

W:Igotit.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?

A.Thefactthatrobotswillreplacehumansentirely.

B.Thefactthatrobotswilltakejobsfromhumans.

C.Thefactthatrobotswillbeintroducedintopeople'shomes.

12.Howdoesthemanthinkaboutrobots?

A.Theydomorewithlesscost.

B.Theyarenotveryfriendly.

C.Theybreakdownregularly.

13.Whatpercentageofjobswillbeatriskduringthenextdecade?

A.3%.B.15%.C.33%.

【答案】11.B12.A13.C

【原文】M:Inthefuture,manyofourcurrentjobswillbedonebyrobots.

W:Thefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Severalofmyfriendswerefiredinacarfactory,becauserobotsarenow

replacingthem.

M:Robotsdoofferbetteroutput（產(chǎn)量）forlesscost.Theycanoperatealldayandnight.

W:Thisistrue,butmyfriendsarenolongerearninganymoney.

M:Hopefullytheywillbeabletofindotherjobs.

W:Itisgettinghardertofindajobthatwillnotbereplacedinafewyears'time.

M:Thisistrue.Ireadareportthatsaidinthisdecade,3%ofjobswereatriskfrommachines.

W:Ireadthesamereport.Thatnumberwouldjumpto33%duringthenextdecade.

M:Yes,buttheyalsopointedoutthatrobotsandartificialintelligencecouldboosttheglobaleconomyby$15

trillion.

W:Doyouthinktheywillreplacelawyerslikeus?

M:Notanytimesoon.

W:Wehavetoworklonghours,butatleastwehavejobsecurity.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whatdidthewomandotoaffordherlongholiday?

A.Shesharedthecostwithotherpeople.

B.Sheearnedenoughmoneybeforetraveling.

C.Sheavoidedspendingtoomuchonaccommodation.

15.Wheredidthewomanbeginhertrip?

A.InGreece.B.InFrance.C.InGermany.

16.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthefamilyrestaurant?

A.TheyhadEnglish-speakingcustomers.

B.NobodyinthefamilyspokeEnglish.

C.Oneofthechildrenemployedher.

17.Whywasthejobperfectforthewoman?

A.Itslocationwasneartheislands.

B.Thefamilyhadaboatshecoulduse.

C.Shedidn'tneedtoworkattheweekend.

【答案】14.C15.B16.A17.C

【原文】M:WehaveCarrieLewisontheshowtodaywhohasjustreturnedfromafourmonthholidayinEurope.

Wheredidyoufindthemoneytogoonsuchalongholiday?

W:Well,Icertainlydidn'tstayinexpensivehotels.Ioftenstayedwithfriendsinthosecities.Besides,mostplaces

havesomehotelsthatcanbecheap.Thenyoucanalwaysfindworkwhileyou'retraveling.

M:Sowheredidyougothisyear?

W:IstartedinFranceandthenspenttwoweeksinGermany.ButIwantedtogetGreecetoworkinarestaurant.I

hadwrittentoafewplacesbeforeIlefthomeandoneofthemhadofferedmework,soIgotthereassoonas

possible.

M:Anddidyougetthejob?

W:Idid.ItwasalovelyfamilyrestaurantinAthensandtheywerelookingforsomeonewhocouldspeakEnglish

tohelpwiththecustomers.They'vegotchildrenwhocanspeakit,buttheyweren'taroundoverthesummer,so

theyemployedme.

M:Sothatpaidforyourholidaythen.

W:Mostofit,yes.Itwasperfectformeastheyonlywantedmetoworkthereduringtheweek.ThatmeantIcould

visittheislandsattheweekend.IusedtocatchtheboatonFridayevening,havetwonightsonanisland

somewhereandthengetbackonSundaynightreadyforwork.

聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Howmanykidswerethereintheresearch?

A.10.B.14.C.400.

19.Howlongdomostkidsspendonthescreeneverydayinthisstudy?

A.Lessthan3hours.B.About5hours.C.Morethan6hours.

20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?

A.Studentsshouldreducetheirtimeonthescreen.

B.Parentsshouldn'tbuymobilephonesfortheirchildren.

C.Parentsshouldcommunicatewiththeirchildrenmorefrequently.

【答案】18.C19.B20.C

【原文】

W:Hi,itisScienceCharm.TmRosy.Manyparentsareworriedthattheirchildrenspendtoomuchtimeonthe

screen,suchaswatchingTVandplayingwiththemobilephone,whichwilldoharmtotheirmentalhealth.Buta

newstudyshowstheopposite.Aprofessorofpsychologicalsciencetellsusthatifparentsturnoffthemediawhich

childrenusetoconnectwithfriendsandsearchforinformation,itwillleadtoaworseconsequence.Theprofessor

andhiscolleaguedidresearchon400studentsaged10to14abouttheirscreenbehaviors.Theyfoundthatmost

kidsspendabout5hoursonthescreeneveryday.Butthereisnoconnectionbetweentheamountoftimeonthe

screenandmentalhealth.Instead,childrenwhosendmoretextmessageshavebettermentalhealth.Thisisasmall

association,butitreflectsifwestayconnectedonline,wealsohavegoodconnectionsoffline.Actually,kidshave

depressionduetosomethingotherthanthetimetheyspendonline.Wearesobusywithourstudyandworkthatwe

havenotimetoexchangeideas.Wehopeparentswillspendlesstimeworryingaboutmobilephonesandmoretime

talkingtoyourchildren.Itisthebestwaytohavementalhealth.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

InternationalApplication

TheUniversityofCambridgewelcomesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.We

recognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUK

allowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.

Attractingsomanytalentedinternationalapplicantsmeanscompetitionforplacesisfierce.However,academic

achievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.Theapplicationprocess

Theapplicationprocessisthesameforallapplicants.Whilstmuchoftheinformationpresentedonthis

websiteisfocusedonGCE,andALevels,manyotherschoolandnationalexaminationsatanequallevelarealso

acceptable.

AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService

（UCAS）,whichoperatesonapre-qualificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheir

finalgrades.Offerholdersarefinallyconfirmedorrejectedoncetheresultsfortherelevantqualificationsare

received.

UCASwillrequireapplicants9predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicanfs

schoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.Thesepredictedgradesareusedduringthe

admissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicanfspotential.

Forastep-by-stepguide,pleaserefertoourmainApplyingpages.

Applicationfee

Mostinternationalapplicantsarerequiredtopayanapplicationfeeof￡60.Thisisastandardchargethat

supportstheadministrationoftheapplicationprocessandmaintenanceofthesystemsusedinthisprocess.See

Termsandconditionsoftheapplicationfee.

21.WhydoestheCambridgeuniversitywelcomeoverseasstudents?

A.Theyareforeigners.

B.Theyaremorequalifiedthanlocalstudents.

C.Theywillprovidediversityforthecampus.

D.TheywillberecognizedbytheUKgovernment.

22.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheapplicationprocess?

A.Gaokaoresultscanplayapart.

B.Internationalexperienceisamust.

C.Anofferistheguaranteeofadmission.

D.Applicant'sschoolcanpredicttheresult.

23.Whowouldbethemostlikelytargetreaderofthetext?

A.ABritishtwelfthgrader.

B.AHongKongeleventhgrader.

C.AstudentinPekingUniversity.

D.AjuniorhighschoolstudentfromBeijing.

【答案】21.C22.D23.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了申請英國劍橋大學(xué)的相關(guān)信息。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalApplication中的“Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofa

diversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.

(我們認(rèn)識(shí)到多元化學(xué)生群體的巨大學(xué)術(shù)和文化價(jià)值。招收來自英國以外的學(xué)生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的

人才庫中尋找人才。戶可知，劍橋大學(xué)歡迎海外學(xué)生是因?yàn)樗麄兡軌蜇S富校園的多樣性。故選C。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Theapplicationprocess中的"AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughthe

UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS),whichoperatesonapre-qualificationbasiswhereoffers

aremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.(所有英國大學(xué)的申請都是通過大學(xué)和學(xué)院招生

服務(wù)(UCAS)進(jìn)行的，該服務(wù)以資格預(yù)審為基礎(chǔ)，在申請人達(dá)到最終成績之前發(fā)出錄取通知。戶以及“UCAS

willrequireapplicants5predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicanfsschool

believestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.Thesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissions

processtohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant'spotential.(UCAS將要求申請人提供預(yù)期成績。預(yù)期成

績是申請人所在學(xué)校認(rèn)為他們在一切順利的情況下可能達(dá)到的資格等級。這些預(yù)測分?jǐn)?shù)在錄取過程中被用

來幫助大學(xué)了解每個(gè)申請人的潛力。廠可知，申請人申請的學(xué)校可以根據(jù)申請人個(gè)人提供預(yù)期成績預(yù)測是否

錄取的結(jié)果。故選D。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章InternationalApplication中的“TheUniversityofCambridgewelcomesapplications

fromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiverse

studentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.（僉“橋

大學(xué)歡迎符合條件的國際學(xué)生申請。我們認(rèn)識(shí)到多元化學(xué)生群體的巨大學(xué)術(shù)和文化價(jià)值。招收來自英國以

外的學(xué)生使我們能夠從盡可能廣泛的人才庫中尋找人才。）”以及第二段中“However,academicachievement

andpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates."（然而，學(xué)業(yè)成績和潛力仍然是高中

生的選拔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）可知，本文介紹的是來自英國以外的學(xué)生的大學(xué)申請，選項(xiàng)B中香港的十一年級的學(xué)生，

相當(dāng)于高二的學(xué)生，可能是本文的目標(biāo)讀者。故選B。

B

Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.Butthatisexactlythekindofyard

competitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World'sUgliestLawn”.

Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水的）grasstosocialmediaina

bidtowintheuncertainhonor.

Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscale

bychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,arecoming

underincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.

TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.atHugeamountsofwaterare

usedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics（美學(xué)）.Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedto

affectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailability

ofgroundwater,thecompetitionorganizerssaid.

TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.

Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray'slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots（袋貍）and

notonedust-covereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iam

terriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!

Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.^^

ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,46Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflife-givingliquid,

thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.,,Organizers

added,"'GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn'thavetobedull.^^

24.WhatcanwesayabouttheyardcompetitionorganizedinSweden?

A.Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.

B.Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.

C.Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.

D.Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.

25.Whatisthepurposeofthisyardcompetition?

A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns.B.Toencouragepeopletobecreative.

C.Tochallengethenormofaesthetics.D.Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph“inparagraph4mean?

A.Ambition.B.Success.C.Sorrow.D.Barrier.

27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.People'sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSweden

B.LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtection

C.ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause

D.TheWorld'sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld

【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎(jiǎng)。

24.推理判斷題。由文章第一段"Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.But

thatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizefor

the'World'sUgliestLawn'.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水

的）grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.（棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會(huì)夸耀的。但這正是

瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出‘世界上最丑草坪'獎(jiǎng)時(shí)所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請?jiān)谏缃幻襟w上發(fā)布

他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽(yù)。戶可推測，該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)非常規(guī)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，所以人們甚至懷疑它的真實(shí)

性。故選A項(xiàng)。

25.推理判斷題。由文章第二段"Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof

"savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns9.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsof

watertomaintain,arecomingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmore

frequentandintense.（據(jù)該項(xiàng)目背后的人說，其目的是提高人們對，通過改變綠色草坪的規(guī)范在全球范圍內(nèi)節(jié)

約用水’的認(rèn)識(shí)。由于氣候變化使干旱期更加頻繁和強(qiáng)烈，草坪可能需要大量的水來維持，因此草坪正受到

越來越多的審查。）”可知，這場庭院比賽的目的是提醒人們注意缺水問題。故選D項(xiàng)。

26.詞句猜測題。由文章第四段"TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordin

Tasmania,Australia.（這個(gè)不太可能的頭銜被授予了居住在澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞州桑福德的Kathleen

Murrayo）”可知，KathleenMurray獲得“世界上最丑草坪”獎(jiǎng)，所以劃線單詞的句子應(yīng)表示Murray在新聞稿

中談到了她的獲獎(jiǎng)的成功，所以猜測triumph表“成功”。故選B項(xiàng)。

27.主旨大意題。由文章第一段"Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.But

thatisexactlythekindofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizefor

the'World'sUgliestLawn5.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated（脫水

的）grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.（棕色干燥的草坪不是很多園丁會(huì)夸耀的。但這正是

瑞典庭院比賽組織者在推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎(jiǎng)時(shí)所希望的。來自世界各地的人們被邀請?jiān)谏缃幻襟w上發(fā)布

他們脫水草的照片，以贏得這一不確定的榮譽(yù)。）”以及后文可知，文章主要介紹瑞典庭院比賽組織者為了提

醒人們注意缺水問題,推出“世界上最丑草坪”獎(jiǎng)。所以C項(xiàng)ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGood

Cause（一塊草坪被評為全球最丑陋草坪，只為做一件好事）符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Howisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoor

meal?

Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution（進(jìn)化）.Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenona

multimillion-yearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritious

mealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.

ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy-theblowflies-arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallic

blue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They'veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallycome

offpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecause

ofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheir

competitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.

Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies9mainsensingorganistheir

antennae,twothinprojections（凸起）fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupof

specialcellsthatcontainreceptors（受體）forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfresh

fromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecells

thatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They9redetecting

thesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.

Whafsa"good"ora"bad"smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverotting

meatstench（惡臭）thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasant

garbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans"'nutritiousflyfoodhere”,

willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalrates

andproducemoregenerations.

28.Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?

A.Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.

B.Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.

C.Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.

D.Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.

29.Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheircompetitors?

A.Detectingfoodresources.B.Designingflyingroutes.

C.Producingnutritionoutofgarbage.D.Escapingfromenemies.

30.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?

A.Byexplainingaprinciple.B.Bymakingacomparison.

C.Byfollowingtimeorder.D.Bydescribingaprocess.

31.Whafsthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?

A.It'srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.

B.Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.

C.Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies'survival.

D.Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.

【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，文章以綠頭蒼蠅為例，解釋了蒼蠅是如何通過感受器快速探測食物的，它們

的氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy——theblowflies——arethebuzzingonesthatare

usuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They'veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethe

smellsthatnaturallycomeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.（我研究的蒼蠅家族綠頭蒼蠅是一種嗡嗡作響

的蒼蠅，通常是一種美麗的金屬藍(lán)色，帶有青銅色和綠色。他們已經(jīng)完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然產(chǎn)

生的氣味的能力）”可知，作者關(guān)注綠頭蒼蠅是由于它們有不同尋常的嗅覺能力。故選C。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thereisalotofcompetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecan

becauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslong

beforetheircompetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothesceneErst.（像一個(gè)滿溢的垃圾桶這樣的資源會(huì)

有很多競爭，因?yàn)槔臓I養(yǎng)價(jià)值很高，里面有腐爛的肉。但綠頭蒼蠅能比它們的競爭對手或人類更早地

嗅到這些氣味，而且往往會(huì)先出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場）”可知，綠頭蒼蠅比起競爭對手能更快地探測食物資源。故選A。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies'

mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefine

hairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechip

cookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthe

surfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.

They'redetectingthesweetsmellofsugar-basedmolecules,anenergy-richfoodsourceforus.（感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)因昆蟲和

物種的不同而不同。綠頭蒼蠅的主要感知器官是它們的觸角，這是它們頭部的兩個(gè)薄薄的突起，上面覆蓋

著細(xì)小的毛發(fā)。這些細(xì)毛是由特殊的細(xì)胞組成的，這些細(xì)胞含有對特定氣味的感受器。想想剛從烤箱里出

來的一批巧克力餅干。你可以聞到它們的香味，因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)祟惐亲觾?nèi)部的細(xì)胞表面有感受器。這些感受器

向大腦發(fā)送信號(hào)：前方有美味的食物。它們能探測到糖基分子的甜味，這是一種能量豐富的食物來源）”可知，

文章第四段作者是通過將蒼蠅的感受器和人的感受器進(jìn)行對比來描述的。故選Bo

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans"'nutritious

flyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhave

bettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.（但是任何能夠探測到有用的氣味信號(hào)，意味著“這里有營養(yǎng)

的蒼蠅食物”的蒼蠅，將具有優(yōu)勢。隨著時(shí)間的推移，擁有這些氣味感受器的昆蟲將有更好的存活率，并產(chǎn)

生更多的后代）”可推知，氣味感受器在蒼蠅的生存中起到了重要的作用。故選C。

D

Americanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon'trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJuly

bythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwo-fifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle（EV）.

DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethanthe

yearbefore.

ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.TheaverageEVtheresellsfor$52,000,estimates

CoxAutomotive,aconsultancy.Thatisnotaworldawayfromthe$48,000thatAmericanstypicallypayfora

petrolvehicle.Buttotalcostsofownership,whichcombinethesalespriceandrunningcostsforfiveyears,vary

morewidely.At$65,000,thetypicalEVis$9,000moreexpensivetoownthanapetrolcar（owingtofactorslike

priceyhomechargers,dearerinsuranceand,comparedwithEuropeandChina,inexpensivepetrol）.

AllthisleavesAmerica'scarindustrycirclingaroundabout.Consumers9unwillingnesstopayforexpensive

EVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock（庫存）.Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.

Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrol

cars.Butthisismakingitevenharderforthecompaniestomakemoneyfrombatterypower.Continuedlossesin

turnmaymakecarfirmsloseappetitetoinvestinabroaderelectricofferingthatwouldappealtobuyers.

Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious（惡性的）circle.Theyaremostlypostponing

theirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.AndfromJanu