人教版八年級上冊英語Unit10知識點梳理及語法講義（學生版）

八年級上冊英語Unit10知識點與語法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理（一）完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.會議；集會；見面2.錄像帶；錄像3.巧克力4.出租汽車；的士5.勸告；建議6.代理人7.專家8.青少年9.錢包10.英里11.錯誤；失誤12.步；步驟13.經(jīng)驗；經(jīng)歷動詞：1.組織；籌備2.勸告；建議3.解決；解答4.相信；信任副詞：1.無疑；肯定；當然；行2.別的；其他的代詞：1.他自己連詞：1.除非；如果不形容詞：1.難過；失望；沮喪2.正常的；一般的3.發(fā)怒的；生氣的4.善解人意的；體諒人的5.粗心的；不小心的6.小心的；細致的兼類詞：1.（v/n）旅行；游歷2.（adj/adv）在中途；部分地做（或達到）(二)詞匯變形小結：1.meet(v.遇見)—(n.會議；集會；會面)2.organize(v.組織；籌備)—(n.組織；機構)—(n.組織者；籌劃者)3.advice(n.勸告；建議)—(v.勸告；建議)4.travel(v.旅行；游歷)—(n.游客；旅行者)5.normal(adj.正常的；一般的)—(adv.正常地；通常)6.angry(adj.發(fā)怒的；生氣的)—(adv.生氣地)7.understand(v.理解；明白)—(adj.善解人意的；體諒人的)8.care(n.小心)—(adj.粗心的)—(反義詞：小心的)(adv.粗心地)(adv.小心地)【練一練】用所給詞的適當形式填空It’saboutfive___________(mile)fromyourapartmenttothecinema,soyoucanwalkthere.Wouldyoumindgivingmesome___________(advice)onhowtoplanttrees?Hesaidhesometimesmade___________(care)mistakeshimself.Ginadoesherhomeworkas___________(careful)asMary.We'regoodfriends.Youcan___________(certain)usemydictionary.Yesterdaywehada___________(meet)todiscusstheartfestival.Myfriendsallhelpedmewiththe___________(organize)oftheevent.Ididwellintheexam,andImadefew___________(mistake)．Weshouldstudythenewtrafficrulesandlearnhow___________(keep)ourselvessafe.Thoughthelittleboyisyoung,hecandress___________(he)withoutanyone'shelp.(三)短語攻關：炸土豆片；炸薯條 保守秘密 分成兩半 去參加聚會 玩得高興；過得愉快 開班會 在……方面有問題 待在家里環(huán)游世界犯錯誤 賺錢 努力工作 逃避；回避 最后 要求某人做某事 給某人某物建議某人做某事太……而不能……知識點梳理知識點梳理 No,let’sorderfoodfromarestaurant.不用，我們從飯店訂餐吧?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縪rder作動詞，意為“訂購；訂貨；點（酒菜等）”，ordersthfrom...意為“從……訂購某物”。Eg.Theseshoescanbeorderedfromthatpany.這些鞋可從那家公司訂購。【拓展延伸】order的其他常見義項：orderorder動詞命令名詞命令、順序、訂單、所點的飲食菜肴【即學即用】1.—Jerry,doyouthinkitisgoodto________someclothesontheInternet?—IthinkitisOK.Ioftendoit.A.prepare B.make C.organize D.order2.Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,they’lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolatebecausethey’llbetoolazytocook.如果我們讓大家?guī)澄镞^來，他們只會帶炸薯條和巧克力，因為他們太懶了，不想做飯。條件狀語從句Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,一般現(xiàn)在時主句條件狀語從句Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,一般現(xiàn)在時主句they’lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolatebecausethey’llbetoolazytocook.一般將來時原因狀語從句【用法詳解】知識點1：重點：asksb.todosth.讓某人做某事該結構的否定形式為，“讓某人不要做某事”，其中動詞不定式短語作賓語補足語。Eg.Itwasraining.Myfatheraskedmetotakearaincoat.下雨了，爸爸讓我?guī)嫌暌?。Mymotherasksmenottoplayfootballinthestreet.媽媽讓我不要在街上踢足球。知識點2：重點：too...to...太……而不能……本句中toolazytocook屬于too...to...結構。該結構中too為副詞，其后跟形容詞或副詞原級，to為不定式符號，后接動詞原形。Eg.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他太小了，不能去上學?！咎貏e提醒】too...to...結構中too前有否定詞（如never）時，表達肯定意義。Eg.It’snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，學到老。【即學即用】1.Jameswasborninapoorfamily,soheis________poor________gotoschool.A.so;that B.enough;to C.too;to D.such;that2.YoushouldaskBob________hisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.towash B.washes C.washing D.towashing3.Hismotheraskedhim_________(look)afterhislittlesister.4.Myparentsaretoobusy_________(help)medomyhomework.3.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?能請你給我一些建議嗎？【易混辨析】advice與suggestion，兩者都可表示“建議”，其區(qū)別如下：advice不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一條建議”要用apieceofadvicesuggestion可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)形式為suggestionsEg.Iaskedmyteacherforsomeadvice.我向老師征求一些建議。Iaskedmyteacherforsomesuggestions.我向老師征求一些建議。suggestsuggestion（n）advice（n）suggest（v）advise（v）建議做某事建議某人做某事建議做某事建議重點：【即學即用】1.Myteachergavememuch_______onhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenIhadsometrouble.A.advice B.question C.suggestion D.problem2.Thehusbandadvised________tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim________uptheidea.A.moving;giving B.tomove;togiveC.moving;togive D.tomove;giving3.IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglish.Canyougiveme________?A.someadvices B.apieceofadviceC.manyadvicesD.threepieceofadvice4.Ioftenadvisemygrandmother________(stop)smoking.5.Peterhasalotof________(advice)onhowtolearnChinesewell.4.Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork,andsometimeswiththeirfriends.有時候他們有功課方面的問題，有時候有朋友方面的問題。【用法詳解】haveproblemswith...為固定結構，意為“在……方面有問題”，其同義表達有“havetrouble/difficultywith...”。Eg.Somestudentsmayhaveproblem/trouble/difficultywithEnglishlearning.有些學生可能有英語學習方面的問題?！就卣寡由臁縣aveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”。Eg.Somestudentshaveproblems/trouble/difficultymakingfriends.一些學生在交友方面有困難?！炯磳W即用】1.Lucylooksworriedbecauseshehasproblems________herschoolwork.A.to

B.with C.by

D.of5.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we’llcertainlyfeelworse.如果我們不找人談談，我們肯定會感覺更糟糕?！居梅ㄔ斀狻恐R點1：?？键c：unless作連詞，意為“除非；如果不”，引導條件狀語從句，相當于if...not。在含有unless引導的條件狀語從句的復合句中。若主句用一般將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來（“主將從現(xiàn)”）。Eg.Youwillachievenothingunlessyoustudyhard.=Youwillachievenothingifyoudon’tstudyhard.如果你不刻苦學習，你將一事無成?！炯磳W即用】1.—Youwon’thaveabrightfuture________youtryyourbest,Jack.—Thankyou,Mom.I’llworkhard.unless B.once C.if D.after2.Wewillcauselesspollution________wecanfindwaystoreuseorrecycle（回收）morerubbish.A.if

B.unlessC.though

D.because知識點2：certainly意為“無疑；肯定；當然；行”certainly作副詞，位于be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前。Eg.Thisiscertainlythebestplacetoseethecity.這無疑是看這個城市的最佳地點。【拓展延伸】certainly可單獨使用，用于肯定回答，表示同意或允許。同義詞（組）為ofcourse,sure。Eg.—CanIgoalongwithyou?我能和你一起去嗎？—Certainly./Ofcourse./Sure.當然可以。6.Shewasafraidtotellherparentsaboutit.她害怕將這件事告訴她的父母。【易混辨析】beafraidtodosth.與beafraidofdoingsth.beafraidtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事（憑經(jīng)驗和一般常識不敢做某事）beafraidofdoingsth.擔心會發(fā)生某事（但實際上未必會發(fā)生）Eg.Shewasafraidtospeakloudbecauseshewasafraidofwakingherbabyup.她不敢大聲說話，因為她擔心會吵醒她的孩子?！炯磳W即用】1.—Don’tbeafraid________meifyoudon’tunderstandthetext.—Thankyou,MrLee.asking B.asked C.ask D.toask2.Don'tbeafraidof________mistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.A.make B.made C.making D.tomake7.IfItellmyparents,they’llbeangry!如果我告訴父母，他們將會生氣！beangrywithsb.生某人的氣beangrybeangrywithsb.生某人的氣beangryabout/atsth.因某事而生氣Eg.Iwasangrywithhimforkeepingmewaitingforsolong.我對他非常生氣，因為他讓我等了這么長時間。Theteacherwasangryabouthiscarelessness.老師因他的粗心而生氣?！炯磳W即用】1.LiLei’smother

________himbecausehewentouttoplayintherain.

A.

wasangrywithB.

waspleasedwithC.

wasangryaboutD.

wasproudof8.Itisbestnottorunawayfromourproblems.最好不要逃避我們的問題?！居梅ㄔ斀狻俊癐t’sbest(not)todosth”相當于“hadbetter(not)dosth”意為“最好（不）要做某事”。It為形式主語，后面的不定式短語為真正的主語。Eg.Itisbesttotakeanumbrellawithyou.=You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.你最好帶把雨傘。9.Studentsoftenforgetthattheirparentshavemoreexperience...學生們經(jīng)常忘記他們的父母有更多的經(jīng)驗……【用法詳解】experience在此作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗”。它還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”。Eg.Sheisateacherwith21years’experience.她是一個有21年教學經(jīng)驗的老師。Avisittothemuseumisanunforgettableexperience.參觀博物館是一次令人難忘的經(jīng)歷。【即學即用】1.—MrLiutaughtEnglishinapoormountaintwoyearsago.—Hesaidhewouldremembertheenjoyable________.A.example B.experience C.information D.promise2.Hehadmanyinteresting____________(experience)whiletravelinginAfrica.課堂小測一、單項選擇1.Toavoidmakingmistakes,pleasereadthequestions________beforeyouanswerthem.A.careful

B.

careless C.carefully

D.

carelessly2.Don'tbesadaboutit.It'snormalforanyonetomake________inhislife.A.promises B.mistakes C.faces D.resolutions3.Couldwegotowatchthefootballgametogether?No,________youhavetwotickets.A.if B.unless C.because D.so4.Yoursonisoldenoughtolookafter________.Youneedn'tworryabout________.A.him;him

B.himself;himselfC.himself;him

D.him;himself5.Mymotherisatravelerwith________,andshehassomeinteresting________.A.experience;experiences B.experience;experienceC.experiences;experience D.experiences;experiences6.Theappleonthetreeis________high________reach.Canyouhelpme?A.so;that B.enough;to C.too;to D.such;that7.—WouldyoumindgoingtotheparkwithusthisSunday?—________.Ican'twait!A.Sorry,Ican't

B.Sure,I'dlovetoC.Certainlynot

D.Mypleasure8.—Whydidn’tyougotoplaybasketballyesterday?—Therewassomethingwrongwithmyleg.Thedoctoradvisedme________sports.A.don’tplay B.toplay C.nottoplay D.tonotplay9.—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember________heretomorrow.A.taking B.totake C.bringing D.tobring10.Mr.Davidalwaysgivesmesomeuseful_________.Heisaswellasafriendtome.A.advice B.suggestion C.opinion D.choice11.Please________aparents’meeting,Iwanttotalkaboutstudents’safety(安全).A.leave B.eC.invite D.organize12.—ThereisanEnglishexamtomorrow.—Yes,butmyEnglishisverypoor.Ifeelvery________now.A.upset B.excited C.happy D.surprised13.Mark’sfathertoldhimtobe_________andnottomake_________mistakesanymore.A.careful;careless B.carefully;careful C.careful;careful D.carefully;careless14.Whatareyougoingtodoafteryouleaveschool?Iwill_________alotofmoneyandtravel_________theworld.A.buy;over B.make;around C.buy;in D.get;to15.Mymotheroftenasksme________uptoolate.A.tostay B.stay C.nottostay D.notstay二、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Thereisasports_________(meet)inourschooleveryyear.2.Idon’tknowwhat_________(wear)atJohn’sweddingparty（婚禮）.3.Youcancutthisappleintotwo_________(half)andshareitwithyourfriend.4.Thebabycan'ttravelwithusbecauseheistooyoung_________(take)aplane.5.Myteacheralwaysadvisesme_________(ask)myfriendsforhelp.6.Tomaskedme__________(bring)somefruityesterday.7.Ourteacherhaslotsof__________(experience)inteaching,soheoftenmakeshisclassactive.8.LiMingstudies__________(real)hard,hedoeswellinallhislessons.9.Somestudentshaveproblemsin__________(learn)English.10.Thankyouforgivingmetheuseful__________(advise)tolearnEnglish.三、漢譯英：單詞/短語（注意使用適當形式）1.最好不要逃避我們的問題。Itisbestnotto______________________________ourproblems.2.不要害怕做錯什么，即使錯了也不必懊悔。Don’t______________________________doanythingwrong,anddon’tregretitevenifit’swrong.3.特里在新工作方面遇到了問題。Terry______________________________hisnewjob.4.你能給我一些有關唱歌的建議嗎?Canyou__________me____________________onsinging?5.我承諾保守秘密。Ipromiseto__________thesecret____________________.四、完形填空Sometimesyouthinkyourparentsarenotfair（公平的）toyou.Ifyoudress1amodernway,yourmomwon't2that.Whenyouaremakingphonecalls,theyask3youarespeakingtoaboyoragirl.You'renotasclosetoyourparentsasbefore.Howcanyou4closeagain?Maybetherearesome5foryou.★Bothparentsandchildrenhaveneeds.Theyneedtofeeltheyare6andloved（被愛的）.Youshould7yourparentsyourneeds,andfindouttheirs.Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakeallofyou8.★Maketimeto9.Youcantalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.★Keepadiary.Thisistohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.★Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyour10andhelpyourparentscleanthehouse.（）1.A.with B.in C.of D.by（）2.A.hate B.mind C.like D.organize（）3.A.if B.what C.why D.that（）4.A.go B.look. C.bee De（）5.A.step B.advice C.suggestion D.ideas（）6.A.different B.outgoing C.serious D.important（）7.A.speak B.say C.tell D.told（）8.A.nervous B.tired C.excited D.happy（）9.A.talk B.tell C.smile D.learn（）10.A.hands B.face C.socks D.clothes語法精講語法精講 （一）if引導的條件狀語從句一、語法概述在復合句中作條件狀語的句子叫條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句常用if來引導。if從句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。放在主句前時，要用“，”與后面的主句隔開。含if引導的條件狀語從句的復合句中主從句的時態(tài)“主將從現(xiàn)”在含if引導的條件狀語從句的復合句中，主句為以下情況之一的，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時：“主將從現(xiàn)”IfyougiveIfyougivehimthechance,hewillthankyouverymuch.如果你給他機會，他將會非常感謝你。一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時“主情從現(xiàn)”“主情從現(xiàn)”Ifyoueatbadfood,youIfyoueatbadfood,youmayfallill.如果你吃變質的食物，你可能會生病。一般現(xiàn)在時情態(tài)動詞“主祈從現(xiàn)”“主祈從現(xiàn)”IfthelightIfthelightisred,waitforaminute.如果是紅燈，等一會兒。一般現(xiàn)在時祈使句【拓展延伸】拓展知識1：含if引導的條件狀語從句的復合句可與其他句型進行轉換。具體如下：與“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”進行互換。and表示順承關系，or表示“否則”。?Ifyouaremoreoutgoing,youwillhavemorefriends.=Bemorefriends,andyouwillhavemorefriends.如果你更外向一些，你會有更多的朋友。?Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillbelateforschool.=Getupearly,oryouwillbelateforschool.早點起床，否則你上學會遲到。拓展知識2：if還可引導賓語從句，意為“是否”，此時從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來決定。Eg.Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.我不知道明天是否會下雨。【即學即用】1.Ifthere________nobuyingorsellingofanimals,there________nokillinginnature.A.is;willbe B.willbe;willbe C.is;is D.willbe;is2.Ifit________tomorrow,Iwillridetoschoolwithyou.A.rain B.don’train C.won’train D.doesn’train3.—Howaboutgoingclimbingifit________thisweekend.—Goodidea.Butnobodyknowsifit________.isfine;rains B.willbefine;rains C.isfine;willrain D.willbefine;willrain4.Ifyou________atnoon,you________thefeedingofanimals.A.arriveatthere;willsee B.willarrivethere;willseeC.arrivethere;willsee D.arriveinthere;see5.—Howwillyouspendthisweekend?—IfI________free,I________tothecinemawithmygoodfriends.willbe;willgo B.am;willgo C.am;go D.willbe;go（二）情態(tài)動詞should的用法一、語法概述should為情態(tài)動詞，其后接動詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、基本結構肯定句主語+should+動詞原形+其他Weshouldtellheraboutit.我們應該告訴她這件事。否定句主語+shouldn’t+動詞原形+其他Weshouldn’ttellheraboutit.我們不應該告訴她這件事。一般疑問句Should+主語+動詞原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語+should.否定回答：No,主語+shouldn’t.Shouldwetellheraboutit?我們應該把這件事告訴她嗎？肯定回答：Yes,weshould.是的，我們應該。否定回答：No,weshouldn’t.不，我們不應該。三、基本用法1.表示征詢意見和提出建議，意為“應該”。Eg.Ithinkyoushouldbuythewhitecoatbecauseitlooksgoodonyou.我覺得你應該買那件白色的外套，因為你穿上很好看。2.表示按責任或義務，意為“應該，應當”。Eg.Youshouldrespectyourparents.你應該尊重父母。3.表示推測，意為“照理說，應該”。表示肯定又留有余地的推測，語氣弱于must“一定”（表示推測）。Eg.Thetrainshouldarrivesoon.火車應該很快就到了。4.用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異等情緒，可與what，how，why，who等連用。Eg.HowIshouldknow?我怎么會知道？WhatshouldIdo?我應該怎么辦？語法小測一、單項選擇1.You'llgetbettergrades________youfollowtheteachers'advice.A.ifB.untilC.thoughD.while2.Idon’tknowifI________himthisevening.IfI________him,Iwillgivethenoveltohim.A.willmeet;willmeet B.willmeet;meet C.meet;willmeet D.meet;meet3.He________ifyou________himtomorrow.A.wille;willinvite B.wille;inviteCes;willinvite Des;invite4.Kate________playingtabletenniseveryday.Ifshe________likethis,shewillwinthegame.A.minds;playing B.practices;plays C.minds;toplay D.practices;toplay5.Asmiddleschoolstudents,we________followthepublicruleswhereverwego.A.would B.might C.shouldD.could6.It________hardforustogetupearlyinthemorningifwe________tobedlatetonight.A.willbe;go B.is;willgo C.willbe;willgo D.is;go7.—Ifit________sunnytomorrow,I________walkinginthepark.—It’sagoodidea.CanIjoinyou?A.willbe;go B.is;willgo C.willbe;go D.willbe;willgo8.—I’llgoforapicnicifit_________tomorrow.Willyougowithme?—Yes,ofcourse.A.doesn’train B.isn’training C.won’train D.didn’train9.Youlooksoweak!Ithinkyou_________seeadoctoratonce.A.mightB.should C.could D.may10.—Mom,IwanttowatchtheprogramIAmaSingerIVnow.—Youcanwatchit________youfinishyourhomework.A.if B.unless C.but D.sothat11.—Tom,canyouletmecopy(抄襲)yourhomework?—Sorry.Ifwe________so,theteacherwillcertainlyfindit.do B.did C.willdo D.aredoing12.Stopsmoking,Joe!You________yourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat.A.killed B.arekilling C.willkill D.kill13.IfHenry________harder,he________goodgradesintheexam.A.studies;willget B.willstudy;gets C.studied;gets D.study;willget14.IfI________tothepark,I________myhomeworktoday.Andmymomwillbeangry.A.willgo;willfinish B.willgo;finish C.go;willfinish D.go;won’tfinish15.IfBob________awayfromthejunkfood,hewillbeingoodhealth.A.stay B.willstay C.stays D.stayed二、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Ifit__________(notrain)thisweekend,wecangohikinginthemountains.2.Ifthegir