《海明威短篇小說賞析》Unit1About-Ernest-Hemingway

ChronologyofErnestHemingwayChronologyofErnestHemingway1899ErnestHemingwayisbornon21JulytoClarenceHemingwayandGraceHemingway(neeHall)atOakParknearChicago.1902Hisfathergiveshimhisfirstfishingrod.1909Hisfathergiveshimhisfirstshotgun.Heisallowedtoshootthreeshellsadayduringtheholidayswhicharespenthuntingandfishingwithhisfather.1913EntersOakParkHighSchool,andisanoutstandingstudent.Hegoesinforavarietyofsportsincludingfootballandboxing.Althoughhestudieshard,herunsawayfromhomeandschooltwice.1916Editstheschoolmagazine,TheTrapeze.

1917GraduatesfromOakParkHighSchoolandjoinstheKansasCityStarasajuniorreporter.1918JoinstheRedCrossasanambulancedriver.HeissenttoItalyandiswoundedonthePiavefrontwhileperforminganactofrescue.HeisdecoratedforbraveryunderfirebyboththeItalianandUSgovernments.InhospitalinMilanhefallsinlovewithanurse,AgnesvonKurowsky.1919ReturnstoOakParkasawarhero.Suffersfromterriblenightmaresandinsomnia.Spendsmostofhistimereadinganddrinkinguntilthesummerwhenhestartswritingseriouslybutwithoutcommercialsuccess.1920JoinstheTorontoStar.1921MarriesHadleyRichardsonandgoeswithhertoParisascorrespondentoftheTorontoStar.1922MeetsGertrudeSteinandEzraPound.TravelsalloverEuropeasarovingcorrespondent.CoversthewarbetweenTurkeyandGreece.InterviewsMussolini.Seeshisfirstbullfight.1923Hisfirstson,John,isborn.GertrudeSteinandAliceB.Toklasaregodmothers.ThreeStoriesandTenPoems.1924PublishesInOurTime.AssistsFordMadoxFordonTransatlanticReview.Becomesabullfight“groupie”.BeginsTheSunAlsoRises,writing“tothepointofexhaustion”.1925InOurTimemeetswithcriticalapprovalintheUS.PublishesTheTorrentsofSpringandTheSunAlsoRises.HasanaffairwithPaulinePfeiffer,anAmericanreporter.1927MenWithoutWomen,avolumeofstories,confirmsHemingway’simportance.HedivorcesHadleyandmarriesPauline.BecomesapractisingCatholic.1928ReturnstotheUSandsetsuphomeatKeyWest,Florida.Hissecondson,Patrick,isborn.TheSunAlsoRisesbeginstobringinalotofmoneyandHemingwayspendsmuchtimehuntingandfishing.BeginswritingAFarewelltoArms.Hisfather,incurablyill,commitssuicide.Hemingwayhelpsfound,andbecomesacontributorto,Esquire.1929PublishesAFarewelltoArms.1930VisitsSpainandworksonDeathintheAfternoon.AFarewelltoArms,adaptedbyLawrenceStallings,isstagedinNewYorkwithoutmuchsuccess.1931FinishesDeathintheAfternoon.1932PublishesDeathintheAfternoon.HemingwayistakentotaskbywritersontheLeftforavoidingmajorpoliticalandeconomicissuesinhiswork.Histhirdson,Gregory,isborn.1933VisitsAfrica.PublishesWinnerTakeNothing.1934Buysabigboatfordeepseafishing.CatchesarecordfishwhichhepresentstotheMiamiDeepSeaFishingClubwhereitcanbefoundtothisday.

1935PublishesGreenHillsofAfrica.HelpsfoundInternationalGameFishAssociation.Shootshimselfinthefootwhiletryingtokillahugeshark.1936Sendsadonationof$40,000totheRepublicansinSpain.MeetsMarthaGellhorn,anAmericanjournalist.1937PublishesToHaveandHaveNotinpartasareplytohisLeftistcritics.GoestoSpainasawarcorrespondent.Apartfromreportingonthewarthere,hespendsalotoftimelocatingfoodandfundsforthecombatants,especiallythewounded.ReturnstotheUStoraisemoneyfortheRepublicancauseandworksonthefilmTheSpanishEarthwhichhasitspremiereattheWhiteHouse.1938Finisheshispro-Republicanplay,TheFifthColumn,whichisacommercialfailure.BeginsanaffairwithMarthaGellhorninMadrid.ReturnstoKeyWestandPaulinebutis“taciturnandcontwithdrawn”.ReturnstoSpainandthentoCubawherehesettlesandbeginsForWhomtheBellTolls.1940MarriesMarthaGellhorntwoweeksafterdivorcingPauline.ForWhomtheBellTollsispublishedandisimmenselypopular.1941TheHemingwaysgototheFarEasttoreportontheSino-JapaneseWar.ReturningtoCuba,HemingwayfitsouthisboatinordertochaseGermansubmarines.1944GoestoEuropeasawarcorrespondent.WhileinLondonheisinvolvedinacarcrashandisreportedasdeadbytheworldpress.EntersPariswithhisownpartisanunit.AwardedtheBronzeStar.MeetsMaryWelsh,anAmericanjournalist.DuringhisstayinParis,HemingwayalsomeetsPicasso,SartreandSimonedeBeauvoir.1945DivorcesMarthaandreturnstoHavana.1946MarriesMaryWelsh.1947RemainsinHavanawritingandattendingboxingmatchesandcockfights.1948VisitsItalywithMary.1950PublishesAcrosstheRiverandIntotheTreeswhichhasapoorreception.1952PublishesTheOldManandtheSeawhichrestoreshisreputation.1953HemingwayisawardedthePulitzerPrize.ReturnstoSpainandthentoAfrica.Heisreporteddeadwhenhisplanecrasheswhileonsafari.1954AwardedtheNobelPrize.Heisunable–orunwilling–toattendtheceremony.HealsoreceivestheAnnualPrizeoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters.1957Sufferingfromillhealth,HemingwayreturnstotheUS.1959SpendsahappyyearinSpain.1960WorksonalengthystudyofbullfightingcalledTheDangerousSummer.CompilesavolumeofreminiscencesentitledAMoveableFeast.Heattendsaclinic