標準解讀

《GB/T 45422-2025 化學(xué)品 地表水系統(tǒng)-沉積物中泥鰍毒性試驗》是一項國家標準，旨在提供一種標準化的方法來評估化學(xué)品對地表水系統(tǒng)中沉積物環(huán)境下的生物體——具體來說是泥鰍（Loach）的毒性影響。該標準適用于需要了解特定化學(xué)物質(zhì)如何影響水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的研究人員、監(jiān)管機構(gòu)以及工業(yè)界人士。

標準詳細描述了實驗設(shè)計、測試條件、樣品準備、數(shù)據(jù)記錄與分析等方面的具體要求。首先，在選擇用于測試的泥鰍時，需確保其處于良好健康狀態(tài)，并且大小、年齡等特征相對一致，以減少非測試因素造成的變異。其次，關(guān)于沉積物的選擇和處理也有明確指示，包括但不限于采集方式、儲存條件及預(yù)處理步驟等，目的是為了模擬自然條件下可能遇到的情況。

在進行毒性測試之前，必須先確定受試化學(xué)物質(zhì)的最大無效應(yīng)濃度（NOEC, No Observed Effect Concentration）或最低觀察到效應(yīng)濃度（LOEC, Lowest Observed Effect Concentration），這通常通過一系列預(yù)備性實驗完成。正式實驗過程中，將不同濃度梯度的化學(xué)品加入含有泥鰍的沉積物樣本中，隨后監(jiān)測一段時間內(nèi)泥鰍的行為變化、生理指標甚至是死亡率等參數(shù)。

整個過程強調(diào)了對照組的重要性，即設(shè)置未添加任何額外化學(xué)品的對照組，以便準確判斷測試結(jié)果。此外，還規(guī)定了實驗周期、觀察頻率、終點測定方法等內(nèi)容，確保數(shù)據(jù)收集的一致性和可靠性。最終，根據(jù)所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)計算出LC50值（導(dǎo)致半數(shù)個體死亡的濃度），以及其他相關(guān)毒性指標，以此評價化學(xué)品對泥鰍乃至更廣泛水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的潛在危害程度。


如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標準文檔。

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文檔簡介

ICS

13.300

CCS

A80

中華人民共和國國家標準

GB/T45422—2025

化學(xué)品地表水系統(tǒng)?沉積物中泥鰍

毒性試驗

Chemicals—Surfacewater?sedimentMisgurnusanguillicaudatustoxicitytest

2025-02-28發(fā)布2025-09-01實施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布

國家標準化管理委員會

GB/T45422—2025

目次

前言

·····································································································

Ⅲ

1

范圍

··································································································

1

2

規(guī)范性引用文件

······················································································

1

3

術(shù)語和定義

···························································································

1

4

試驗原理

······························································································

2

5

受試物信息

···························································································

2

6

儀器設(shè)備

······························································································

2

7

試驗系統(tǒng)

······························································································

2

7.1

受試生物

·························································································

2

7.2

試驗用水

·························································································

3

7.3

試驗條件

·························································································

3

7.4

沉積物

···························································································

3

8

試驗程序

······························································································

4

8.1

預(yù)試驗

···························································································

4

8.2

限度試驗

·························································································

4

8.3

正式試驗

·························································································

4

8.4

生物觀察

·························································································

5

8.5

濃度分析

·························································································

5

9

質(zhì)量保證與質(zhì)量控制

·················································································

5

10

數(shù)據(jù)與報告

··························································································

5

10.1

試驗數(shù)據(jù)

························································································

5

10.2

試驗數(shù)據(jù)處理

···················································································

6

10.3

結(jié)果報告

························································································

6

附錄A（資料性）

泥鰍生物學(xué)特性

···································································

8

A.1

分類地位

························································································

8

A.2

生活習(xí)性

························································································

8

A.3

生物學(xué)特性

······················································································

8

附錄B（規(guī)范性）

試驗用水的化學(xué)特征

·······························································

9

附錄C（資料性）

配制沉積物的組成

································································

10

參考文獻

································································································

11

Ⅰ

GB/T45422—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標準化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由全國危險化學(xué)品管理標準化技術(shù)委員會（SAC/TC251）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院、南開大學(xué)、中檢科?。ㄌ旖颍z驗檢測有限責(zé)任公司、

南昌大學(xué)、中國海洋大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)。

本文件主要起草人：劉征濤、李霽、祝凌燕、張彥峰、王曉南、閆振廣、陳會明、周麗麗、葛剛、

李正炎、王尚洪、王遵堯、孫成、鄭欣。

Ⅲ

GB/T45422—2025

化學(xué)品地表水系統(tǒng)?沉積物中泥鰍

毒性試驗

1范圍

本文件描述了化學(xué)品地表水系統(tǒng)?沉積物中泥鰍毒性試驗的試驗原理、受試物信息、儀器設(shè)備、試

驗系統(tǒng)、試驗程序、質(zhì)量保證與質(zhì)量控制、數(shù)據(jù)與報告。

本文件適用于地表水環(huán)境中化學(xué)品對底棲生物泥鰍的毒性效應(yīng)測試，不適用于揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)測試。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用

于本文件。

GB/T5750.4生活飲用水標準檢驗方法第4部分：感官性狀和物理指標

GB/T11901水質(zhì)懸浮物的測定重量法

GB17378.5海洋監(jiān)測規(guī)范第5部分：沉積物分析

HJ494水質(zhì)采樣技術(shù)指導(dǎo)

HJ501水質(zhì)總有機碳的測定燃燒氧化?

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