語法（三）名詞和數(shù)詞

1、book_;lesson _; tree _;apple_; tudent_ 自主歸納：一般加s bus_; box_; class_; watch_; hero_; 自主歸納：以s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的加es 特例：kilo_; piano_;radio_;photo_;zoo_; stomach_;,party_;country_; day_; city_;story_; boy_; baby_ toy_ 自主歸納：以輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的改y為i，再加es knife_; wife_; wolf_; life_; thief_; 自主歸納：以f 或fe結(jié)尾的，一般將f或fe

2、改為v，再加es 特例：belief _; roof _; proof_; handkerchief _;, sheep_; deer_; Chinese_; fish_; means_; 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同 editor-in-chief editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law daughters-in-law, grown-up grown-ups, woman teacher women teachers, man driver men drivers 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet,

3、tooth teeth, child children, mouse mice, ox oxen，German Germans 不規(guī)則變化,注意的幾個(gè)問題,抽象名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 work（工作） works（著作）， glass（玻璃） glasses（眼鏡），cloth（布） clothes（衣服）。 papers報(bào)紙，試卷 manners禮貌、習(xí)俗 goods貨物 looks容貌,外表 times時(shí)代，次數(shù)、倍數(shù) customs海關(guān) wishes祝愿woods樹林 ruins廢墟,有些名詞雖然是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是只做單數(shù)；如：physics, mathematics, news, the Uni

4、ted States 有些名詞形似單數(shù)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：police, people, cattle,Physics _（be）my favorite subject. The United States_（be）Johns motherland. People _ （talk）about the murder in Chongqing at the moment.,is,is,are talking,抽象名詞具體化,How did you deal with the _ ? （困難） It is _to talk with you.（與你交談?wù)鏄s幸）,difficulties,a great

5、 pleasure,of +抽象名詞 of + use, value, help等某些抽象名詞, 其含義相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的 _。 如：The exam next week is of_(非常重要).,形容詞,great importance,Mikes pen邁克的鋼筆 the boys mother男孩的母親 Womens Day the teachers reading-room教師閱覽室 the students dining-room學(xué)生餐廳 the windows of the room 房間的窗戶 如：some friends of my uncles, a daughter of Mr

6、s Greens, 有生命名詞的所有格一般在詞尾加上 或s 無生命名詞所在格通常用of短語表示。 雙重所有格通常指整體中的部分或一個(gè)，雙重所有格只能用于有生命名詞。,名詞與廣東高考,1. Tom is a worker.,2. We made Tom our monitor.,3、The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 16_ (appear) in the Chinese calendar. 2010年廣州調(diào)研 4、As far as I am concerned, my 22 _ (suggest)

7、is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.,appearance,suggestion,5、Frankly，these teachers good 19_ (suggest) are only helpful to arouse students interest in reading. （2011年汕尾一模） 6、He told several funny 22 _(story), which made everyone in the room lau

8、gh.,suggestions,stories,7、When fighting, he charged at the head of his men，and，when he gave the order，every soldier advanced bravely to engage in fighting，not fearing 23 _ (die). 8、The weather is usually quite good and there are not too many 16 _ (travel) in October.,death,travelers,五、小試牛刀。 1. Two _

9、(月) ago，three _(英雄) caught four _(小偷).They made them plant some _(土豆) and _(竹子) in two _(動物園).They also made their _(妻子們)return the four big _(箱子)with some precious _(照片)and _(刷子)in them.,brushes,months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,bamboos,zoos,wives,boxes,photos,2. Two _(主編)，three _ (男教師) and five _ (女醫(yī)

10、生), together with their _(孩子們)， went to the market. They decided to buy two _(綿羊), three _(鹿)， four _(公牛)， five _(鵝)and six white _(老鼠)with three _ (腳) and six _(牙齒).,teeth,editors-in-chief,men teachers,women doctors,children,sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,3. After he had two potatoes and three _ (

11、西紅柿)for his breakfast, he went to two different _ (公司) to buy ten _ (盒)of_ (鋼筆)and two boxes of_ (小刀).,tomatoes,companies,boxes,pens,knives,4. The two _ (過路人) with no _ (腳) and legs， who were_ (成年人)， found that two_ (女教師)， together with a group of _ (小孩)， were running after a few_ (老鼠) and_ (綿羊).,sh

12、eep,passers-by,feet,grown-ups,women teachers,children,mice,5._湯姆的父親 _教師辦公室 _狄更斯(Dickens)的小說,Toms father,the teachers office,Dickens novels,_湯姆和約翰的朋友 _理發(fā)店 _我叔叔的家 _今天的新聞 _ 那本書的封面,the cover of the book,Tom and Johns friends,the barbers (shop),my uncles (house),Todays news,But Jane knew from past experi

13、ence that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (09廣東) This time，she gave me a smile with_ (satisfy) and gratitude in her eyes. (11深圳二模) On his _ (arrive)，he parked his bike outside the back door as usual. （10年深圳二模） He pushed and pulled with all his _ (strong) to move it. 2008年東莞一模

14、Martha McChesney Berry was a United States educator and the _ (found) of Berry College in Rome，Georgia. （11年廣深四校聯(lián)考）,choice,satisfaction,arrival,strength,founder,As a result，he enjoyed his treatment just as the other _ (music) did. In Chinese，“knot” means reunion，_ (friendly)，and warmth. The temperat

15、ure fell quickly and the two young people lost _ (conscious). The computer is one of the great _(invent) in the world in the twentieth century. Though land, air and water are not elements, they are three main parts of _(man) environment.,musicians,friendliness,consciousness,inventions,mans,二、語篇填空1,S

16、ome years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to 1_(die). The most important thing for the2_ (govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly 3 _ (ill).,death,government,illness,They invited all the most experts in this field to di

17、scuss and quite a few 4 _ (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one 5_ who was seriously,suggestions,patient,ill and had little hope of 6_ (pick) up and had the new 7_ (medical)

18、tested on him. To his great 8_ (joyful), this patient recovered! He made his way to his 9 _ (official) and telephoned to the top official, telling him this exciting news.,picking,medicine,joy,office,For10_ (convenient), he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soon after that,

19、the other hospital also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.,convenience,A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most lucky. 1_ true friend is someone who stays with you for life.” Experience shows that he was right.,A,語

20、篇填空2,A在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞friend前可能是冠詞、名詞的所有格、形容詞性物主代詞或不定代詞; 由語境可知, 此處指類別，泛指“一個(gè)”真正的朋友, 故填不定冠詞A。,Good 2_ (friend) are just not easily formed.,friendships,friendships在句中作主語, 用名詞形式; 又根據(jù)謂語動詞are formed是復(fù)數(shù), 可知作主語的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù): 再根據(jù)搭配, 不容易形成的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“友誼”, 而不是“朋友”, 故填friendships。,To most of us, friendships are thought very importan

21、t, but we need to have the kinds of friendships we want. Are they to be close or kept at arms 3_ (long)? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats all right.,length,length在名詞所有格后, 要用名詞形式。keep sb. at

22、 arms length意為“不使自己太接近某人; 與某人保持距離(not allow oneself to become too friendly with sb)”。,But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 4 _ (friend) expectations.,friends,friends 在名詞前作定語, 要用其形容詞形式或者名詞的所有格; 根據(jù)語境, 應(yīng)當(dāng)指“我們的朋友的”, 應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的所有格, 故填friends。,The sharing of 5_ (p

23、erson) experience is the surest way 6_ (deepen) friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and action in return.,personal,to deepen/of deepening,5. personal在名詞前作定語, 用形容詞形式。 6. to deepen/of deepening在way后用不定式作定語或用of doing作定語。,What are some of the

24、difficulties to friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships take time. 7_ main difficulty is the 8_ (selfish) to think one “owns” the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships need actions in return.,Another,selfishness,7. Another在名詞前作定語, 沒有提示的語法填空題, 只可能是填冠詞、介詞、連詞或代詞; 再根據(jù)前面的the greatest (difficulty)和后面的Finally可知, 此處是指多者中的“另一個(gè)”, 故填another。 8. selfishness在冠詞后，要用名詞。,In other words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. 9 _ you spend reasonable time t