介詞和數詞.ppt

1、介詞,重難點：相近涵義介詞之間的區(qū)別,一 表示地點時 at, in, on 的區(qū)別 1 My uncle lives _ 116 Changhe Street. His room is _ the sixth floor. A. at; on B. to; at C. on; in D. of; to Notes: at 表示在較小的地方(村莊, 小城鎮(zhèn),門牌); 在某物旁(不確定的地方) in 表示在較大的地方(國家,城市); 在某物范圍內.(地點 的排列順序是由小到大. on 表示在某物上(表面接觸); road 前用on, street前用 in/on; 樓層用on; farm前用on,

2、 field前用in.,A,二 表示時間時 at, in, on, by 的區(qū)別 2 The train leaves _ 6:00pm, so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C. at; by D. before; around 3 The old man died _ cold _ a cold night. A. from; at B. of; in C. of; on D. for; during at表示時間點(在幾點,中午;午夜;夜里;某日期或一段時 間的開頭

3、或結尾)(at sunrise; at the weekend; at Christmas). on 表示在特定的某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上等 in 表示一段時間.后接月,年,季等表一段時間的名詞. by表示到了這個時間點，與完成時態(tài)連用,C,C,另: 表示世紀、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June during the 1990s / the war / the Olympic Games / Christmas / the Spring Festival

4、 / the National Day Holiday during a period of ten years during the time from 1999 to 2009/between and during the time when I was abroad,1He decides to visit the family _ Friday night Aon Bat Cin Dduring,解析：during the night，at night為泛指。特指某個晚上，即night前有修飾語或其后有of短語時，則要用介詞on。本題特指星期五晚上，應選A。,三 表持續(xù)時間的since

5、, for, in, after的區(qū)別 5 His father will be back from London _ a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after 6 - How long has the bookshop been in business? - _ 1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 7 The touch they had both kept in _ many years broke. A. for B. on C. into D. with since 接過去的某時間點, 常用于完成時. f

6、or 接一段具體的時間, 常用于完成時. in + 一段時間與非延續(xù)性動詞連用,表一段時間以后,多 用于將來時; 與延續(xù)性動詞連用,表一段時間內,時態(tài)不限. after + 一段時間,常用于過去時.,B,D,A,2Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain _ an inch（NM ET2002） Aby Bat Cto Dfrom 解析：答案A。by用法之一是表示“相差數目和程度”，如：His horse won by a nose他的馬以一鼻之差險勝。題干意為：子彈以一英寸之差沒射中上尉。 3The doctor will be free

7、_ （MET1992） A10minutes later Bafter ten minutes Cin 10minutes D10minutes after 解析：答案C。in表示從現(xiàn)在到將來某段時間以后。,四 表方位的介詞in, on, to, off的區(qū)別 8 Guangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is _ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland. A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away i

8、n 表示在境內. on 表示相鄰或在邊界上, 不在境內. to 表示在境外, 不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.,B,五 表示運動方向或目的的介詞 9 _ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side. A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by 10 Early _ the morning of May 1, we started off _ the mountain village. A. in; for B

9、. in; to C. on; / D. on; for across 表示穿過物體表面,或橫過. through 表示在某一空間通過,或縱向穿過. along 表示沿著一條線平行. up 表示向上,由南到北,由東到西,由沿海到內陸,由小地方到大地方,由農村到城市. 反之則用down. to 表示動作的目的地; towards指朝向,無到達的意思; for表示前往的目的,連用的動詞有l(wèi)eave, start off, set out, head, sail 等.,A,D,六 表示除- 之外的介詞 11 He usually goes to work on time _. A. except f

10、or raining days B. besides it rains C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days besides 表示包含, 除 - 之外還有- except 表示排除, 除 - 之外 but 表示排除, 多與nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等連用. except for 表示除去整體中的部分, “只是, 只不過” _ basketball, I like playing Pingpang. You have no choice _ work

11、hard. Li Long is a good student _ his laziness.,D,Besides,but,except for,七 介詞 among 和 between 的區(qū)別 12 He divided the sweets _ the children who were divided _ three groups. A. in; in B. into; into C. between; in D. among; into among 表示三個或以上的人或物之間,后接復數名詞或 集體名詞. between 用于兩者之間, 或三個以上的兩兩之間(具體的 名詞已經列出) He

12、 divided the sweets _ L Nl, L Cl and Y Mh.,D,between,八 表示價格,比率,標準,速度的介詞 at 表示價值，價格, 比率或速度, 表單價. for 表示交換, 指總價錢 by 表示度量單位或標準. 后接表計量單位的名詞一般是單數,前面需加定冠詞the. 數詞或復數名詞前不加. We are flying _ a speed of 400kms/hr. I bought these books _ 5 dollars each. I bought these books _ 30 dollars. He is paid _ the week.

13、Eggs are sold _ the dozen.,at,at,for,by,by,九、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner的區(qū)別 in表示在某一范圍內角落 The blooms are in the corner of the room. on表示在拐角(外面)上 The box is on the corner of the desk. at表示在拐角周圍 Be careful when you are at the corner of the street.,十、in the end, at the end of, by the end

14、 of 1、in the end意思“最后、終于”。它的意思相當于finally, at last。它往往表明事情的結局,在句子中一般單獨使用。 如:Xiao Ming passed the exam in the end. 最后小明通過了那次考試。 Ice becomes smaller and smaller until in the end it disappears completely. 冰變得越來越小,直到最后完全消失。 2、at the end of +名詞短語,意思是“在末端/盡頭”。 如:There is a clothes shop at the end of the st

15、reet. 在這條街的盡頭有一家服裝店。 Li Ming came across a few new words at the end of the article.這篇文章的最后,李明碰到了一些生詞。,十一 方位介詞 aboveoveronbelowunderbeneath,above,over,beneath,below,under,on,Be careful, there is a heavy box_ your head. The sun is _ the mountain in the east. There are some stamps_the desk. The positio

16、n he pointed to was _ the sea level. The little mouse is _ the table, so it is not easy to find it.,over,above,on,abovebelow,under,2. across over through past,across,over,through,past,橫穿，穿越， 表示運動發(fā)生在物體的表面,跨過 越過，表示運動發(fā)生在物體的上方,穿過，通過表示運動發(fā)生在某物的空間,從經過，表示運動發(fā)生在某物的旁邊,The Great wall winds its way from west to

17、east, _ deserts, _ mountains, _ valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. The crowd of people walked _ the City Hall to the Centre Square. Swim _ the river, go _ the street , fly _ the mountain, _ the door,window, a bridge _ the river,across,over,through,past,across,_ across,over,through,over,十二、as

18、與like的區(qū)別 1.表示象.一樣時,as接從句,like 接短語 Do everything as I do. 象我一樣做。 He is/looks like his mother. 他長得像他媽媽。 2.as當介詞接短語時,表示“作為.” 的意思. As a League Member,I should take everything in the lead. 作為一名團員，我應該起帶頭作用。,單句改錯。 1. The great leader prefers to live between the working people. 2. The girl is in the window,

19、 looking out into the garden. 3. On last Friday we had stayed here for more than ten days. 4. I can take my holidays at any time besides in August. 5. She is going to London after three days time.,among,at,By,except,in,選擇最佳答案。 1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the

20、students are writing _ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with 2. If you run _ two hares, you will catch neither. A. into B. offC. after D. out of 3. I was wandering _ the dark streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop. A. acrossB. through C. by D. past 4. She felt

21、disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her. A. but B. except C. except for D. without,D,A,C,B,選擇最佳答案。 5. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed there _ another night. A. at; on B. with; at C. for; in D. by; for 6. I made the coat _ my own hands. It

22、was made _ hand, not with a machine. A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with 7. Japan is _ the east of China. A. in B. atC. to D. on 8. Go _ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side. through; to; on B. along; of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by,A,D,C,C,數詞語法系統(tǒng)講解,熱身練習

23、1. _ trees were planted on the mountain last year. A. Thousands of B. Thousand of C. Five thousand of D. Five thousands. 2_ of the students are girls in our class ATwo threeBTwo threes CTwo thirdsDSecond three 3.-When was he born? -he was born on _. A. second of October B. the October three C. Octob

24、er the second D. three of October,【考點直擊】 雖然數詞并不是近幾年的考查重點，但我們在復習時還是需要搞清楚以下幾個概念： 1、數詞的基本用法及比較； 2、數詞的位置； 3、倍數詞的表達習慣； 4、在習慣用語中數詞的用法； 5、由數詞加名詞共同作定語或表語的用法。 6、hundred / thousand /million/ billion 的用法。 7、分數的表示方式。,表示數目多少或順序多少的詞叫數詞，數詞分為基數詞和序數詞。表示數目多少的數詞叫基數詞；表示順序的數詞叫序數詞。,什么叫數詞?,基數詞的構成,1）112有各自獨立的形式: one, two,

25、three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2）13-19都是相對應39加上teen構成: thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen. 3）2090都以-ty結尾: twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety. 4）2199,整數十位數各位數，中間有 “”。 eg. twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine 5

26、）百位數，由百位數and+兩位數組成。 eg. three hundred and twenty-five,注： 1、1000以上幾個的詞，每三位數加一個逗號，第一個逗號前的數為thousand，第二個逗號前的數為million（百萬）, 第三個逗號前的數為billion（十億），第四個逗號前的數為trillion（萬億） 888，888，888，888 eight hundred and eighty-eight billion, eight hundred and eighty-eight million, eight hundred and eighty-eight thousand,

27、eight hundred and eighty-eight billion,2、基數詞常與名詞構成的合成詞在句中作定語，中間要用連字符 “_”，這個名詞只用單數形式,a two hundred word report a seven-day holiday a 3 year old girl,基數詞的用法,1、表示一個具體數字時，hundred, thousand, million，billion一律不用復數；在表示一個不 確定數字時則用復數。例如： 1) Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. 2) There are t

28、hree thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.,Dozen/score 請先看一道題： I want three _ these eggs. A. dozenB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozens of 1. 當這些詞與具體數字連用時，不用復數形式，也不后接介詞of(盡管有人認為 sc

29、ore / dozen 之后可以有時可接 of，但慣用法認為，省略 of 則常見)：three hundred students 300名學生 three score (of) eggs60只雞蛋 2. 當這些不與具體數字連用，而是表示不確定的泛指數，則不僅要用復數形式，而且要后接介詞 of，然后才能后接名詞：dozens of times 幾十次,3. 當這些詞與 a few，several，many 等數目不很具體的詞連用時，用不用復數形式均可，但是注意：不用復數形式，其后的介詞of可以省略；用復數形式，其后介詞 of不能省略：several dozen (of) pencils seve

30、ral dozens of pencils幾打鉛筆 4. 當這些詞后面的名詞有了the，these，those 等特指限定詞修飾時，或其后的接的是us，them這樣的人稱代詞時，則此時必須用介詞 of：two hundred of the workers 這些工人中的200人three dozen of these eggs 這些雞蛋中的3打 four dozen of them 它們中的4打通過以上分析：此題答案顯然只能是C。,2、在一些表示“一排”或“一組”的詞組里；如：They arrived in twos and threes. 他們三三兩兩的到達了。,3、表示“十”的數詞的復 數形

31、式可用來表示“幾十歲” 或年代，例如： 1）He is in his early thirties 2）He died still in his forties 3）This took place in the 1930s 4) in ones teens,4、表示時刻用基數詞。例如： We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight. （1）表示“幾點過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時以內。例如： ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve,（2）表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to,

32、但分數須 在半小時以上。例如： twenty to nine, a quarter to ten five to eight, 表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數詞。例如： seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty,注意下列習慣表達方式： half an hour half a kilo one hour and a half= one and a half hours two and a half kilos = two kilos and a half one or two days = a day or two eighty meters long

33、one thousand miles away five meters deep ( wide/ tall/ high/long),five meters in depth / width/ height/ length,序數詞的構成,1）13分別為first,second,third 。 2）419都是在后面加上th,特殊的有 fifth, eighth, ninth,twelfth。 3）2090把y變成ie然后加th,如twentieth。 4）2199的序數詞變后面的各位數。 21st twenty-first, 110th one hundred and tenth 序數詞可以用縮寫

34、，如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th,一、二、三要單獨記， th要從四加起， eight 少個t, nine 去掉e, ve要用f 來代替， ty變成tie, 若問幾十幾或幾百幾， 只變個位記心里。,1.Their office is on the _(第九）floor. 2. Which bike is the best, the fiveth,the ninth,or the twelveth? 3. Mr. John was the twentith-second to attend the ball. 4. The Twice Lesson is less difficult th

35、an the Third. 5. The thirtith tree is taller than any others.,ninth,序數詞的用法 （1）序數詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如： The first truck is carrying a food basketsJohn lives on the fifteenth floor,（2）序數詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如： Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourt

36、h man rose to speak,序數詞前已有指示代詞，物主代詞， 名詞所有格或every時，不用定冠詞。 This is my first trip to the city. 表示分數的序數詞前不用定冠詞。 The bed takes up two thirds of the space. 序數詞與名詞構成的復合詞，不用定冠詞。 a first-class hotel a second-hand bookshop,序數詞用作副詞時，不用定冠詞。 He came out first/ second in the contest. This team ranks third in its

37、own country. 固定詞組中不用定冠詞。 at first, first of all , second to none every three days= every third day,（3）表示年，月，日時， 年用基數詞表示，日用序數詞表示。例如： 1949年十月一日讀作: October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine 2004年九月十日讀作： September (the) tenth, two thousand and four,（4）表示分數時，分子用基數詞表示，分母用序數詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如： 1/4 one-four

38、th; 2/3 two-thirds; 1/2 a(one)half; 1/4 1(one)quarter; 3/4 three-quarters; *76/92 seventy-six over ninety-two,（5）序數詞也可以用作副詞， When did you first see him? Which horse came in first?,（6）基數詞也能表示順序，如書刊的頁的數目，住所、房間、教室、電話號碼等等。 Page Eight, Room 304，Class Seven,7)小序號詞： Lesson Twelve = The twelfth lesson World

39、 War I = the first world war 大序號詞： Bus 538 Page 265 Room 301,20%: 20 percent 20 per cent 人民路153號： 153 Renmin Road,8）倍數表示法 1）“增加一倍”用double例：The price of steel has doubled over the past ten years. 鋼的價格在過去的十年里增加了一倍。 2）“比大幾倍”用：倍數+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than+被比部分例：That house is three times bigger than this one. 那所房子

40、比這所房子大三倍。The output of cars is four times greater than that of last year. 汽車的產量比去年增加了四倍。 3）“是的幾倍”用：倍數+as+形容詞+as+被比部分例：This factory is four times as big as that one. 這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍大。She has three times as many books as I have. 她的書是我的三倍之多。,九 四則運算表示法加、減、乘、除算式的表示法,例：2+6=8 Two and six are eight.Two plus si

41、x is eight. 8+3=? How much is eight plus three? 10 - 4=6 Ten minus four is six.Ten minus four leaves six. 43=12 Four times three is twelve. 164=4 Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four gives four.,小數表示法小數用基數詞表示，小數點是point，讀作pCInt，“零”是zero，讀作5ziErEu例：0.3: zero point three 15.96: fifte

42、en point nine six 0.65: zero point six five95.38: ninety-five point three eight 百分數表示法百分數用基數詞表示，在數字后加percent例：5%: five percent30%: thirty percent84%: eighty-four percent 99%: ninety-nine percent100%: one hundred percent250%: two hundred and fifty percent,約數表示法約數表示“多于，大約，左右，以上，不足”等意義，常用表示法如下：多于: over

43、, more than少于: less than大約: about, around, nearly 將近: almost, nearly 左右: or so 或以上: or more或以下: or less在以下: under,“一個半”的表示法 例：一個半蘋果 a(/one) apple and a halfone and a half apples 一個半小時 a(/one) hour and a halfone and a half hours,數詞的試題分析 考題點擊1 It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to

44、university for further education. (99上海) A. 90s, theB. the 90s, / C. 90s, theirD. the 90s, their,D,表示“幾十歲”；用 in ones + 數詞復數，如： He began to work in his teens. 表示年代，用 in +the +數詞復數；,數詞的試題分析 考題點擊2 _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. ( 2000上海) A. Two fifth, isB. Two fifth, are

45、 C. Two fifths, isD. Two fifths, are,C,分數和百分數作主語時，關鍵是看其后的名詞來決定其謂語動詞的數。該題中的是不可數名詞，所以動詞需用單數。,數詞試題分析 考題點擊3 Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many,D,倍數表示法：主+謂+倍數(或分數)+ as + adj. (+ n

46、.) + asI have three times as many as you.,1. About _ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths 答案：A。該題考查的是分數的表示法。分子用基數詞表示，分母用序數詞表示。分子大于1時，分母應加-s，因此應選A。,2. Nine _ pounds a week? Thats very good. A. hundred of B. hundreds of

47、C. hundreds D. hundred 答案：D。該題考查的是數詞的用法。Nine hundred是一個具體的數量，這是數詞不能用復數形式，后面也不能加of。所以應選D。,1. It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people worldwide. A. three hundreds B. three hundreds C. three hundreds D. three hundred 2. -How many workers are there in your factory? -There are two _. A. hundre

48、ds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 3. -Which is the smallest number of the four? -_. A. Two-thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths,4. -What do you think of a war, Li Ming? -Ive no idea. But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three thousand

49、s B. thousand of C. thousands of D. several thousands 5. We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes. A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one,6. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? -Yes, it is _. A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 586

50、62 D. 58626 7. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _. A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922,8. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. This year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 24 9. _ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 10. Both of the two rulers are broken.